感叹句、祈使句及反意疑问句
感叹句
感叹句通常用来表示快乐、痛苦、惊异等强烈的感情色彩。
感叹句的基本句型
1.what+a\an+形容词+名词+主语+谓语+!
Whatanicedayitis!
2.how+形容词+a\an+名词+主语+谓语+!
Howniceadayitis!
3.what+形容词+名词+主语+谓语+!
Whatnicepeopletheyare!
这一结构中的形容词应是排除many,much,few,little之外的形容词。
4.How+形容词+名词+主语+谓语+!
Howmuchprogresshehasmade!
这一结构中的形容词应是many,much,few,little这几个形容词。
5.how+形容词\副词+主语+谓语+!
hownicethedayis!
howfastthecarruns!
祈使句
祈使句用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等,一般用动词原形开头。
一、带有主语的祈使句。
1.强调主语,或为了指明是向谁提出的请求或命令,或大人对小孩说话时用这种句型,如:
Youcleanthewindows.
Bequiet,everybody.
2.引起注意,或表示说话人发怒、不高兴、急躁、厌烦等,往往带有训斥的意味,如:
Yougetout!
Youmindyourownbusiness!
3.用于同时对两个人下达指示时,如:
You,sweetthefloor;XiaoLi,youcleanthedesks.
You,stayhere,andyouseehimoffattheairport.
4.当祈使句中有副词且又位于句首时,如:
Inyougo!
Awayyougo!
5.主语和呼唤语合用时,如:
John,youreadustheletter!
Well,friends,yougoupstairs.
6.不定代词everyone,somebody,nobody也可出现在祈使句中的谓语动词之前,如:
Everybody,standup,please!
Somebodyopenthedoors.
二、带有主语的否定祈使句:Don’t+动词原形,如:
Don’tanyoneletoutthesecret.
Don’tyoubelateagainnexttime.
三、祈使句之后带有附加疑问句(或肯定或否定),用以加强语气,如:
Tellmethetruth,won’tyou?
Openthedoor,willyou?
Let’sgooutforawalk,shallwe?
四、肯定祈使句之前加助动词以加强语气,如:
Doletmego.
Dohavesomemoretea.
五、祈使句的回答,如:
—Remembertoposttheletter.—Iwill.
Don’tforgettoseethedoctor.—Iwont.
六、祈使句与and,then或or,orelse连用,表示条件。
Practisehareandyouwillpassthedrivingtest.
Apologizetoherorshewillnotforgiveyou.
反意疑问句
反意疑问句是英文中常见的一种句型,它提出情况或看法,询问对方同意与否。
1.陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren''tI。
I''mastallasyoursister,aren''tI?
2.陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语。
Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?
3.陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
Someplantsneverbloom,dothey?
4.含有oughtto的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn''t/oughtn''t+主语。
Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn''the?/shouldn''the?
5.陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.),疑问部分常用don''t+主语(didn''t+主语)。
Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don''twe?
6.陈述部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用didn''t+主语或usedn''t+主语。
Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn''the?/usedn''the?
7.陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn''tyou?
You''dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn''tyou?
8.陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn''t+主语。
Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn''the?
9.陈述部分有You''dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn''t+主语。
You''dliketogowithme,wouldn''tyou?
10.陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
Hemustbeadoctor,isn''the?
YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven''tyou?/didn''tyou?
Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn''the?
11.感叹句中,疑问部分用be+主语。
Whatcolors,aren''tthey?
12.陈述部分由neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?
13.陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。
Everythingisready,isn''tit?
14.陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,heshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldn''the?
b.带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。
HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn''the?
c.陈述部分主句为第一人称,谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
Idon''tthinkheisbright,ishe?
Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can''tshe?
15.陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
Everyoneknowstheanswer,don''tthey?(doeshe?)
Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?(doeshe?)
16.带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need(dare)+主语。
Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?
Hedarenotsayso,darehe?
当dare,need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语。
Shedoesn''tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?
17.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou。
Don''tdothatagain,willyou?
Gowithme,willyou/won''tyou?
注意:Let''s开头的祈使句,后用shallwe?
Letus开头的祈使句,后用willyou?
Let''sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?
Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?
18.陈述部分是"therebe"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn''tthere?
Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithit,doesn’tthere?
Therehappenedtobenobodythere,didthere?
Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?
19.否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
Itisimpossible,isn''tit?
Hedisagreeswiththeidea,doesn’the?
Sheishopeless,isn’tshe?
Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?
20.以oh或so开头的句子,反意疑问句常用肯定形式。
So/Ohyouareastudent,areyou?
Soyouhavefinishedyourhomework,haveyou?
感叹句、祈使句及反意疑问句练习
1.thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,andyouwilllearnalotaboutfirefighting.(08湖南)
A.HavingsearchedB.TosearchC.SearchingD.Search
2.Youdidn’tusetolikehimmuchwhenwewereatschool,___________?(08上海春招)
A.wereweB.weren’tweC.didyouD.didn’tyou
3.Thelittleboycameridingfullspeeddownthemotorwayonhisbicycle,itwas!(07上海)
A.WhatadangeroussceneB.Whatdangerousascene
C.HowadangeroussceneD.Howdangerousthescene
4.Whenyou’vefinishedwiththatbook,don’tforgettoputitbackonetheshelf,___?(07北京)
A.doyouB.don’tyouC.willyouD.won’tyou
5.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe___hereanymore.(06全国I)
A.hasn’tlivedB.didn’tliveC.hadn’tlivedD.doesn’tlive
.Weforgottobringourtickets,butpleaseletusenter,________?(06全国II)
A.doyouB.canweC.willyouD.shallwe
7.I’msureyou’drathershewenttoschoolbybus,_______?(06福建)
A.hadn’tyouB.wouldn’tyouC.aren’tID.didn’tshe
8.Sarahhadherwashingmachinerepairedthedaybeforeyesterday,_______she?(06广东)
A.hadB.didC.hadn’tD.didn’t
9.Mary,____here-everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.(06全国I)
A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming
I’llgettheworkfinished.(06重庆)
A.HaveonemorehourB.Onemorehour
C.GivenonemorehourD.IfIhaveonemorehour
11.Therewasaloudscreamfromthebackstageimmediatelyaftertheconcertended,?(05上海)
A.wasn’tthereB.wasthereC.didn’titD.didit
12.?He?never?said?that?he?was?good?at?mathematics,________?(05北京春招)A.?was?he?????B.?wasn’t?heC.?did?he????D.?didn’t?he
13.?________straightonandyou’llseeachurch.Youwon’tmissit.(04湖北)A.Go?B.Going?C.Ifyougo?D.Whengoing.——Englishhasalargevocabulary,hasn’tit??—Yes,_______morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.(04上海)
A.Know???B.Knowing?????C.Toknow?????D.Known
15.I’veneverseenanyonerunsofast---______Davidgo.(04浙江)A.justwatchB.justtowatch???C.justwatching???D.justhavingwatched.ThereareeighttipsinDrRoger’slectureon—sleep,andoneofthemis:?______tobedearlyunlessyouthinkitisnecessary.(04重庆)A.doesn’tgo?B.nottogo?C.notgoing?D.don’tgo
17.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,______?(04上海春招)
????A.didn''tthey?????????????B.don''tthey????C.mustn''tthey????????????D.haven''tthey
18.Bill’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,____?(04上海)?A.isn’tit???B.isit???C.isn’tbe?D.ishe19.Mrs.Blackdoesn’tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,__________?(02上海)
A.ishe B.isn’the C.doesn’tshe D.doesshe
20.Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,_______?(01上海)
A.doIB.don’tIC.willtheyD.won’tthey
答案1-5DCACD6-10CBDAB11-15ACAAA16-20DDADC
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