冠词
不定冠词a/an的用法
a用在以辅音开头单词前面:
auniversityahataEuropeanaone-waystreet
an用在以元音开头的单词前面:
anappleanislandanuncleanonionanegganhour
an还用在发音以元音开头的单个字母前面:
anSOS
anx-ray
1)用在第一次提到而非特指某人或某物的单数可数名词前面:
Ineedavisa.
Heboughtanice-cream.
2)代表一类人或物。
Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.
Mr.Smithisanengineer.
用在代表一类东西的单数可数名词前面,表示任何一个。
Acarmustbeinsured=Allcars/Anycarmustbeinsured.
Achildneedslove.=Allchildrenneed/Anychildneedslove.
3)用在表示价格、速度、比率等的词组中(a/an=per):
5pakilo/sixtykilometersanhour/fourtimesaday
4)最高级之前用不定冠词表“相当”
Thisisamostwonderfulfilm.
5)用在Mr./Mrs./Miss+姓氏之前:
aMr.Smith/aMrs.White
6)用在序数词前,表“又一,再一”
asecondtime/aneighthapple
7)a表示“相同的(thesame)”
Thetwohousesareofasize.
8)组成词组或成语,如agreatmany/manya/asarule/asawhole/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon/allofasudden/asamatteroffact
定冠词the的用法
1)特指双方都明白的人或物。
Takethemedicine.
2)上文提到过的人或事。
Heboughtahouse.I''vebeentothehouse.
3)指世上独一无二的事物,如thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth等。
4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,
如thedollar;thefox;
5)与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人
therich;theliving,theimpossible,thewounded
6)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面。
Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.
That''stheverythingI''vebeenlookingfor.
7)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。
Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.(指全体教师)
Theyareteachersofthisschool.(指部分教师)
8)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前。
Shecaughtmebythearm.
Sheseizedthechildbythecollar.
Ipattedhimontheshoulder.
Hewashitonthehead.
Hewascutinthehand.
9)用在表示海洋、河流、群岛、山脉、沙漠、地区等专有名称以及用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。
theAtlantic大西洋
theThames泰晤士河
theSahara撒哈拉沙漠
theAlps阿尔卑斯山
theNorth/SouthPole北/南极
thePeople''sRepublicofChina
theUnitedStatesofAmerica
10)用在表年代的词组中Inthe1990s/intheearly(late,mid-)1930’s
11)用于比较级中
Themore…thebetter…
thebetterofthetwo…
Whichisthelargecountry,ChinaorCanada?
12)用在表示乐器的名词之前。
Sheplaysthepiano.
13)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。
theGreens
14)用于方位词前inthesouthofChina/ontheright/left
比较:turn(tothe)right/Japanlies(tothe)eastofChina.
15)表示计量单位方式:bythehour/bythepound
比较:byweight/bytime
16)用于同位语中,表特指或著名的。
Einstein,thephysicist,hadlefthisowncountryatthattime.
17)用在惯用语中
intheday,thenextmorning,inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre
零冠词的用法
1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary。
比较:WehavetwoMr.Smiths.Whichdoyouwant?
IwanttheMr.Smithwhosignedthisletter.
2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词。
Theyareteachers.
3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。
Failureisthemotherofsuccess.。
比较:afailure/asuccess/asurprise/apity/anhonor
4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。
Mancannotlivewithoutwater.
Thereislittlerainthereinsummer.
比较:Therewasaheavyrainyesterday.
5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词
WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.
比较:TheywentthereonarainyFriday.
InaMayinthe1990s,/inthespringof1989
6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词。
TheguardstookthementoCaptainCook.
7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词,
havebreakfast,playchess。
比较:Hegaveusagoodbreakfast.
8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词
Ican''twritewithoutpenorpencil.
Theyarehusbandandwife.
fromdoortodoor/frombeginningtoend/frommorningtillnight
9)当by,in与工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词,
bybus,bytrain/inpen/inink/inpencil
比较:inacar/onmynewbike/witharedpencil
10)有些个体名词不用冠词,如school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。
gotohospital
gotothehospital
11)不用冠词的序数词;
a.序数词前有物主代词时。myfirstdayofhighschool
b.序数词作副词。Hecamefirstintherace.
c.在固定词组中,如at(the)first,firstofall,fromfirsttolast等。
12.man用来表示全人类时,前面不用任何冠词:
Ifoilsuppliesrunout,manmayhavetofallbackonthehorse.
13.nature,society,heaven,hell前面不用任何冠词:
比较:theuniverse
14.在固定短语中:insurprise/learnbyheart/onaccountof/inaddition
冠词的重复与意义
1)两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同的人或物。
Heraisesablackandawhitecat.
Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers.
2)如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一人或一物。
Heraisesablackandwhitecat.
比较:aknifeandfork/amusicianandteacher
冠词位置
1)不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。
a.位于such,what,many,half等形容词之后。
Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.
Manyamanisfitforthejob.
b.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however等修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。
ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.
Soshortatime
Toolongadistance
c.quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather,quite前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可,
ratheracoldday/arathercoldday,quiteasurprise,ratherapity
d.在as引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后。
Asbraveamanasheis,hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.
2)定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,threetimes等词之后,名词之前。
Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.
Theboxistwicetheweightofthatone.
冠词练习
1.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtouse___Internetas____resource.(08山东)
A.不填;aB.不填;theC.the;theD.the;a
2.Haveyouheardnews?Thepriceofpetrolisgoingupagain!
A.the,theB.不填,theC.the,不填D.不填,不填 .---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.
---Itisnotyourfault.With__rush-hourtrafficand__heavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.(08江西)
A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;a
4.It’snot___goodideatodriveforfourhourswithout___break.(08全国卷II)
A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the
5.IatesandwichwhileIwaswaitingfor20:08train.(08陕西)
A.the,aB.the,theC.a,theD.a,a
6.IntheUnitedStates,thereisalways____flowofpeopletoareasof______countrywheremorejobscanbefound.(08四川)
A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a
7.InmanyplacesinChina,bicycleisstillpoplarmeansoftransportation.(08重庆)
A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the
8.______applefellfromthetreeandhithimon______head.(08浙江)
A.An;theB.The;theC.An;不填D.The;不填
.Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby____seainsteadofdrivingacross_____continent.(08江苏)
A.the;the B.不填;the C.the;不填 D.不填;不填
.Myneighboraskedmetogofor______walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot______energy.(08辽宁)
A.a;不填 B.the;the C.不填;the D.a;the
11.---Sorry,wedon’thave_______Johnsonhereinthevillage.(07全国II)
A.the;theB.the;a C不填;theD.the;不填
12.Ilookedunder_____bedandfound______bookIlostlastweek.(07北京)
A.the;aB.the;theC.不填;theD.the;不填
13.---HowaboutChristmaseveningparty?
---Ishouldsayitwassuccess.(07福建)
A.a;a B.The;a C.a;不填 D.the;不填
14.Polarbearslivemostlyon_____seaice,whichtheyuseas____platformforhuntingseals.(07湖南)
A.a;aB.a;theC.不填;aD.the;不填
15.Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethat___2008BeijingOlympicGameswillbe____success.(07江苏)
A./…aB.the…/C.the…a D.a…a
16.Manypeoplehavecometorealizethattheyshouldgoonbalanceddietandmakeroomintheirdayforexercise.(07江西)
A.a;/B.the;aC.the;theD./;a
17.Christmasis______specialholidaywhen______wholefamilyaresupposedtogettogether.(07辽宁)
A.the;theB.a;a C.the;a D.a;the
18.______walkisexpectedtolastallday,sobring_______packedlunch.(07山东)
A.A;aB.The;不填C.The;aD.A;不填
1d.(07陕西)
A.a;the B.the;a C.the;the D.a;a
20.Howabouttaking______shortbreak?Iwanttomake_______call.(07四川)
A.the;a B.a;the C.the;the D.a;a
21.Iwantedtocatch_____earlytrain,butcould’tget_____ridetothestation.(07天津)
A.an;theB./;theC.an;/D.the;a
22.Ilike_____colorofyourskirt.Itis_____goodmatchforyourblouse.(07浙江)
A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the
23.Georgecouldn’trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson,buthewassureitwas___Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat_____church.(07重庆)
A./;theB.the;/C.a;/D./;a
24.—Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,wrongnumber,Thereisn’t__Mr.Smithhere.(06全国I)
A.不填B.aC.theD.one
25’tlike_____musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof______musicinthefilmwesawyesterday?(06全国II)
A.不填;不填B.the;theC.the;不填D.不填;the
26.---Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover______keyboard.
---Youshouldn’tputdrinksnear_______computer.(06北京)
A.the;不填B.the;aC.a;theD.a;a
27.Ofall_______reasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather’sadvicewas_________mostimportantone.(06辽宁)
A.the;aB.不填;aC.不填;theD.the;the
28.In______reviewof44studies,Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof_______heartdiseaseby76%.(06湖南)
A.a;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.不填;a
29.Accordingto_________WorldHealthOrganization,healthcareplansareneededinallbigcitiestoprevent_________spreadofAIDS.(06陕西)
A.the;不填B.the;theC.a;aD.不填;the
30.Everywheremanhascutdown______forestsinordertogrowcrops,ortouse____woodasfuelorasbuildingmaterial.(06重庆)
A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/
31.Forhim,_____stageisjust______meansofmakingaliving.(06山东)
A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the
32.?After?dinner?he?gave?Mr.?Richardson?______?ride?to?______?Capital?Airport.(05全国)
A.?the;?aB.?a;?theC.?不填;?aD.不填;?the33(05山东)
A.不填;a B.a;the C.不填;the D.the;a
34.______recentreportstatedthatthenumberofSpanishspeakersintheU.S.wouldbehigherthanthenumberofEnglishspeakersby_____year2090.(05春招北京)
A.?A;theB.?A;不填??C.?The;不填??D.?The;a
35.Ican’trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft_____city.Ionlyrememberitwas_____Monday.(05湖南A.?the,?theB.?a,?the??????C.?a,?a?D.?the,?a?36.OnMay5,05,at_______WorldTableTennisChampionship,KongLinghuiandWangHaowonthegoldmedalinmen’sdoubleswith_______scoreof4:1.(05江苏A.?a;?a????B.?不填;?theC.?a;?不填????D.?the;?a37Ifyougoby_________train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget__________fastone.(05全国III)the;the B.不填;a C.the;aD.不填;不填
38.Itisoftensaidthat_________teachershave_________veryeasylife.(05北京)
A.不填;不填 B.不填;aC.the;不填 D.the;a
39.Thisbooktells______lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft_____schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.(05辽宁)A.the;the????B.a;the?????C.the;不填D.a;不填40.Ifyougrowupin_____largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop_____abilitytogetonwellwith______others.(05江西)A./;?an;?the?B.a;?the;?/?C.the;?an;?the?D.a;?the;?the
答案1-5DCBAC6-10ACABD11-15BBBCC16-20ADCBD21-25DCCBD26-30BDCBC31-35BBBAD36-40DBBCB
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