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冠词
2012-04-22 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
冠词

不定冠词a/an的用法

a用在以辅音开头单词前面:

auniversityahataEuropeanaone-waystreet

an用在以元音开头的单词前面:

anappleanislandanuncleanonionanegganhour

an还用在发音以元音开头的单个字母前面:

anSOS

anx-ray

1)用在第一次提到而非特指某人或某物的单数可数名词前面:

Ineedavisa.

Heboughtanice-cream.

2)代表一类人或物。

Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.

Mr.Smithisanengineer.

用在代表一类东西的单数可数名词前面,表示任何一个。

Acarmustbeinsured=Allcars/Anycarmustbeinsured.

Achildneedslove.=Allchildrenneed/Anychildneedslove.

3)用在表示价格、速度、比率等的词组中(a/an=per):

5pakilo/sixtykilometersanhour/fourtimesaday

4)最高级之前用不定冠词表“相当”

Thisisamostwonderfulfilm.

5)用在Mr./Mrs./Miss+姓氏之前:

aMr.Smith/aMrs.White

6)用在序数词前,表“又一,再一”

asecondtime/aneighthapple

7)a表示“相同的(thesame)”

Thetwohousesareofasize.

8)组成词组或成语,如agreatmany/manya/asarule/asawhole/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon/allofasudden/asamatteroffact



定冠词the的用法

1)特指双方都明白的人或物。

Takethemedicine.

2)上文提到过的人或事。

Heboughtahouse.I''vebeentothehouse.

3)指世上独一无二的事物,如thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth等。

4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,

如thedollar;thefox;

5)与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人

therich;theliving,theimpossible,thewounded

6)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面。

Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.

That''stheverythingI''vebeenlookingfor.

7)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。

Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.(指全体教师)

Theyareteachersofthisschool.(指部分教师)

8)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前。

Shecaughtmebythearm.

Sheseizedthechildbythecollar.

Ipattedhimontheshoulder.

Hewashitonthehead.

Hewascutinthehand.

9)用在表示海洋、河流、群岛、山脉、沙漠、地区等专有名称以及用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前。

theAtlantic大西洋

theThames泰晤士河

theSahara撒哈拉沙漠

theAlps阿尔卑斯山

theNorth/SouthPole北/南极

thePeople''sRepublicofChina

theUnitedStatesofAmerica

10)用在表年代的词组中Inthe1990s/intheearly(late,mid-)1930’s

11)用于比较级中

Themore…thebetter…

thebetterofthetwo…

Whichisthelargecountry,ChinaorCanada?

12)用在表示乐器的名词之前。

Sheplaysthepiano.

13)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。

theGreens

14)用于方位词前inthesouthofChina/ontheright/left

比较:turn(tothe)right/Japanlies(tothe)eastofChina.

15)表示计量单位方式:bythehour/bythepound

比较:byweight/bytime

16)用于同位语中,表特指或著名的。

Einstein,thephysicist,hadlefthisowncountryatthattime.

17)用在惯用语中

intheday,thenextmorning,inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre



零冠词的用法

1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary。

比较:WehavetwoMr.Smiths.Whichdoyouwant?

IwanttheMr.Smithwhosignedthisletter.

2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词。

Theyareteachers.

3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。

Failureisthemotherofsuccess.。

比较:afailure/asuccess/asurprise/apity/anhonor

4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。

Mancannotlivewithoutwater.

Thereislittlerainthereinsummer.

比较:Therewasaheavyrainyesterday.

5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词

WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.

比较:TheywentthereonarainyFriday.

InaMayinthe1990s,/inthespringof1989

6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词。

TheguardstookthementoCaptainCook.

7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词,

havebreakfast,playchess。

比较:Hegaveusagoodbreakfast.

8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词

Ican''twritewithoutpenorpencil.

Theyarehusbandandwife.

fromdoortodoor/frombeginningtoend/frommorningtillnight

9)当by,in与工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词,

bybus,bytrain/inpen/inink/inpencil

比较:inacar/onmynewbike/witharedpencil

10)有些个体名词不用冠词,如school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义。

gotohospital

gotothehospital

11)不用冠词的序数词;

a.序数词前有物主代词时。myfirstdayofhighschool

b.序数词作副词。Hecamefirstintherace.

c.在固定词组中,如at(the)first,firstofall,fromfirsttolast等。

12.man用来表示全人类时,前面不用任何冠词:

Ifoilsuppliesrunout,manmayhavetofallbackonthehorse.

13.nature,society,heaven,hell前面不用任何冠词:

比较:theuniverse

14.在固定短语中:insurprise/learnbyheart/onaccountof/inaddition



冠词的重复与意义

1)两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同的人或物。

Heraisesablackandawhitecat.

Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers.

2)如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一人或一物。

Heraisesablackandwhitecat.

比较:aknifeandfork/amusicianandteacher



冠词位置

1)不定冠词位置

不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。

a.位于such,what,many,half等形容词之后。

Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.

Manyamanisfitforthejob.

b.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however等修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。

ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.

Soshortatime

Toolongadistance

c.quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。但当rather,quite前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可,

ratheracoldday/arathercoldday,quiteasurprise,ratherapity

d.在as引导的让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后。

Asbraveamanasheis,hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.

2)定冠词位置

定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,threetimes等词之后,名词之前。

Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.

Theboxistwicetheweightofthatone.



冠词练习

1.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtouse___Internetas____resource.(08山东)

A.不填;aB.不填;theC.the;theD.the;a

2.Haveyouheardnews?Thepriceofpetrolisgoingupagain!

A.the,theB.不填,theC.the,不填D.不填,不填 .---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.

---Itisnotyourfault.With__rush-hourtrafficand__heavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.(08江西)

A.a;aB.the;theC./;/D./;a

4.It’snot___goodideatodriveforfourhourswithout___break.(08全国卷II)

A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the

5.IatesandwichwhileIwaswaitingfor20:08train.(08陕西)

A.the,aB.the,theC.a,theD.a,a

6.IntheUnitedStates,thereisalways____flowofpeopletoareasof______countrywheremorejobscanbefound.(08四川)

A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a

7.InmanyplacesinChina,bicycleisstillpoplarmeansoftransportation.(08重庆)

A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD.the;the

8.______applefellfromthetreeandhithimon______head.(08浙江)

A.An;theB.The;theC.An;不填D.The;不填

.Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby____seainsteadofdrivingacross_____continent.(08江苏)

A.the;the B.不填;the C.the;不填 D.不填;不填

.Myneighboraskedmetogofor______walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot______energy.(08辽宁)

A.a;不填 B.the;the C.不填;the D.a;the

11.---Sorry,wedon’thave_______Johnsonhereinthevillage.(07全国II)

A.the;theB.the;a C不填;theD.the;不填

12.Ilookedunder_____bedandfound______bookIlostlastweek.(07北京)

A.the;aB.the;theC.不填;theD.the;不填

13.---HowaboutChristmaseveningparty?

---Ishouldsayitwassuccess.(07福建)

A.a;a B.The;a C.a;不填 D.the;不填

14.Polarbearslivemostlyon_____seaice,whichtheyuseas____platformforhuntingseals.(07湖南)

A.a;aB.a;theC.不填;aD.the;不填

15.Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethat___2008BeijingOlympicGameswillbe____success.(07江苏)

A./…aB.the…/C.the…a D.a…a

16.Manypeoplehavecometorealizethattheyshouldgoonbalanceddietandmakeroomintheirdayforexercise.(07江西)

A.a;/B.the;aC.the;theD./;a

17.Christmasis______specialholidaywhen______wholefamilyaresupposedtogettogether.(07辽宁)

A.the;theB.a;a C.the;a D.a;the

18.______walkisexpectedtolastallday,sobring_______packedlunch.(07山东)

A.A;aB.The;不填C.The;aD.A;不填

1d.(07陕西)

A.a;the B.the;a C.the;the D.a;a

20.Howabouttaking______shortbreak?Iwanttomake_______call.(07四川)

A.the;a B.a;the C.the;the D.a;a

21.Iwantedtocatch_____earlytrain,butcould’tget_____ridetothestation.(07天津)

A.an;theB./;theC.an;/D.the;a

22.Ilike_____colorofyourskirt.Itis_____goodmatchforyourblouse.(07浙江)

A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the

23.Georgecouldn’trememberwhenhefirstmetMr.Anderson,buthewassureitwas___Sundaybecauseeverybodywasat_____church.(07重庆)

A./;theB.the;/C.a;/D./;a

24.—Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,wrongnumber,Thereisn’t__Mr.Smithhere.(06全国I)

A.不填B.aC.theD.one

25’tlike_____musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof______musicinthefilmwesawyesterday?(06全国II)

A.不填;不填B.the;theC.the;不填D.不填;the

26.---Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover______keyboard.

---Youshouldn’tputdrinksnear_______computer.(06北京)

A.the;不填B.the;aC.a;theD.a;a

27.Ofall_______reasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather’sadvicewas_________mostimportantone.(06辽宁)

A.the;aB.不填;aC.不填;theD.the;the

28.In______reviewof44studies,Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof_______heartdiseaseby76%.(06湖南)

A.a;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.不填;a

29.Accordingto_________WorldHealthOrganization,healthcareplansareneededinallbigcitiestoprevent_________spreadofAIDS.(06陕西)

A.the;不填B.the;theC.a;aD.不填;the

30.Everywheremanhascutdown______forestsinordertogrowcrops,ortouse____woodasfuelorasbuildingmaterial.(06重庆)

A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/

31.Forhim,_____stageisjust______meansofmakingaliving.(06山东)

A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the

32.?After?dinner?he?gave?Mr.?Richardson?______?ride?to?______?Capital?Airport.(05全国)

A.?the;?aB.?a;?theC.?不填;?aD.不填;?the33(05山东)

A.不填;a B.a;the C.不填;the D.the;a

34.______recentreportstatedthatthenumberofSpanishspeakersintheU.S.wouldbehigherthanthenumberofEnglishspeakersby_____year2090.(05春招北京)

A.?A;theB.?A;不填??C.?The;不填??D.?The;a

35.Ican’trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft_____city.Ionlyrememberitwas_____Monday.(05湖南A.?the,?theB.?a,?the??????C.?a,?a?D.?the,?a?36.OnMay5,05,at_______WorldTableTennisChampionship,KongLinghuiandWangHaowonthegoldmedalinmen’sdoubleswith_______scoreof4:1.(05江苏A.?a;?a????B.?不填;?theC.?a;?不填????D.?the;?a37Ifyougoby_________train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget__________fastone.(05全国III)the;the B.不填;a C.the;aD.不填;不填

38.Itisoftensaidthat_________teachershave_________veryeasylife.(05北京)

A.不填;不填 B.不填;aC.the;不填 D.the;a

39.Thisbooktells______lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft_____schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.(05辽宁)A.the;the????B.a;the?????C.the;不填D.a;不填40.Ifyougrowupin_____largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop_____abilitytogetonwellwith______others.(05江西)A./;?an;?the?B.a;?the;?/?C.the;?an;?the?D.a;?the;?the

答案1-5DCBAC6-10ACABD11-15BBBCC16-20ADCBD21-25DCCBD26-30BDCBC31-35BBBAD36-40DBBCB



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