新目标英语七年级下册第七单元要点讲解 (一)本单元学习内容 (1)掌握形容词在句中作表语及定语的用法。 (2)掌握请求帮助及提供帮助的句型及用法。 (二)重点单词 Monday Thursday Sunday 一月 二月 三月 四月 五月 六月 nose arm face ear hand (三)本单元重点句型分析 1. Could you help me, please? 请你帮我一下好吗? 这是一个常用的请求帮助的句型。could在此处不表示能力,而是用来表示请求或要求等委婉的礼貌用语,could后面接动词原形。Could…please? 意为“能……吗?”或“请你……好吗?”对此类句子作肯定应答时常用Certainly或Sure.以表示更为肯定而爽快的语气,意为“行,当然可以。”例如: ①—Could you give me some paper, please? 请你给我一些纸好吗? ②—Could you lend me your bike for a day? 把你的自行车借我用一天好吗? —Sure! 行,当然可以。 2. That is a big box. 那是一只大盒子。 It isn't heavy. It's light. 它不重,它是轻的。 以上例句中的 big,heavy,light三个都是形容词。形容词是用来说明主语的特征或属性的。一般多和be动词或者其他连系动词连用,放在be动词或连系动词之后做表语。(称:系表结构)例如: ①My bag is big and his is small. 我的书包是大的而他的(书包)是小的。 ②Our classroom is big and bright. 我们的教室又大又明亮。 形容词除了作系动词的表语之外,还可以用来修饰名词,作定语,表示人或物的性质、特征或状态等,一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。例如: ①I don't want the red T-shirt. 我不想要那件红色的T恤衫。 ②Mary has a good friend here. 玛丽在这儿有一位好朋友。 3. Let me help you. 让我来帮助你吧。 这是一个常用的提供帮助的用语,是祈使句。以let开头的祈使句表示说话人向对方提出某种建议、请求、命令等。句中的me是宾语,help you用来补充说明宾语me,在语法上被称为宾语补足语。let后面的动词不定式必须省去to,构成短语let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”。例如: ①Let him carry the heavy box. 让他扛那个沉重的盒子吧。 ②Let Li Ping do it. 让李平去做那件事吧。 4. I want to take some books to the classroom. 我想要把这些书拿到教室去。 (1)want意为“想要”,当你表示想要做某事时,应用want to do sth. 这一结构,这里的 to do…是不定式短语,作want的宾语,这里的to不能省略,后面接动词原形。例如: ①We want to go and see Miss Wang. 我们想去看看王老师。 ②I want to borrow some books from the library. 我想从图书馆借些书。 另外want也可以用名词或代词作宾语。例如: ①I want a cup of tea. 我想要杯茶。 ②They want us to help those children. 他们想让我们帮助那些孩子们。 (2)take…to…意为“把某物或某人带到某处去”。take意为“拿”或“带”,此处的to是介词,表示方向。take一般表示把某物或某人带到另一地方或某人那儿去,方向性很强,不表示带来。例如: ①Please take the coat to him. 请把这件外衣带给他。 ②Could you take the book to Kate, please? 请把这本书带给凯特好吗? 如果所去的地方用副词来表示,如 home,here,there等则省去介词to。例如: ①Please take my baby dog home. 请把我的小狗带回家去。 ②Tom, take the ball over there, please. 汤姆,请把球拿到那边去。 5. OK, Let me help you. There! OK? 好的。让我来帮你们,行了吧? 句中的there在这儿是感叹词,须重读。在口语中常用来表示安慰或引起对方注意。例如: There! There! It doesn't matter. 好啦!好啦!不要紧。 6. Now give me a bottle of orange juice, please. 那么给我一瓶桔汁吧。 (1)动词give意为“给”。在表示“给某人某物”时,可把“某人”放前,“某物”放后,即短语 give sb. sth.例如: Please give us two cups of tea. 请给我们两杯茶。 另外也可以将“某物”放前,“某人”放后,即短语give sth. to sb.这时在表示人的名词或代词前须加to。例如: Could you give the pen to me, please? 请你把那支钢笔给我好吗? (2)a bottle of orange juice意为“一瓶桔汁”。juice是不可数名词,意为“果汁”或“蔬菜汁”,不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不用不定冠词,若要表示量,则要与量词短语搭配使用。例如: There are five bottles of orange juice on the table. orange可以做可数名词,意为“桔子”,有复数形式。例如: I want to buy some oranges for her. 我想给她买些桔子。 orange一词也可以作为不可数名词“桔汁”来用,可以把a bottle of orange juice 说成 a bottle of orange,但是不能把 a bottle of apple juice说成“a bottle of apple”。 7. Oh, sorry! Here's a full one. 噢,对不起!给你一瓶满的。 (1)该句为倒装句。当你要把东西给对方时,常用 Here's/Here are…这一句型。以 Here,There开头的句子一般用倒装形式,当谓语用行为动词时,还具有正在进行的意思。例如: ①Here's a letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。 ②There goes the bell. 铃响了。 (2)如果主语是代词时,则主语还是要位于动词前面。例如: ①— Where's my ruler? —Here it is. 我的尺子在哪儿?它在这儿。 ②—May I use your dictionary? —Certainly. Here you are. 我可以用一下你的词典吗? 当然可以,给你。 (3)full是形容词,意为“满的”, one指代前面提到过的a bottle以避免重复。如果要表示……充满或装满某物时,常用 be full of这一短语,of是介词,后面接名词。例如: ①My bag is full of books. 我的书包里装满了书。 ②The room is full of children. 那个房间里挤满了孩子。 8. Let me see. Liu Xiaoyan isn't here. 让我看看,刘晓燕没到(不在这儿)。 Look! What's that on the bed? 瞧!床上那个是什么? 以上例句中的see,look都表示“看”,但在用法上是有区别的。look主要强调“看”的动作,有“注意看”之意,若涉及到看的人或物时,则其后面加介词at。例如: Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。 类似的短语还有:have a look “看一看”,表示大概了解一下要看的物。例如: Let me have a look at your new watch. 让我看一看你的新手表。 see强调的是“看”的结果,通常是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语。例如: Can you see the words on the blackboard? 你能看见黑板上的字吗? 9. Listen to your teacher. 听老师讲话。 Touch your own part of body when you hear it. 当你听见它(那个词)时触摸你身体的(那个)部分。 以上句中的 listen和 hear都表示“听”。这两个词在用法上的区别与look和 see相似。listen强调“听”的动作,hear表示“听”的结果或内容。listen后跟介词 to,表示听谁说或听什么,hear后面接宾语。例如: ①Listen to me, please. I have something to tell you. 请听我说,我有事告诉你。 ②We can hear his voice. 我们能够听见他的嗓音(声音)。 (四)疑难问题解析 1. Dad, this bag is too big. We can's carry it. 爸,这个箱子太大了,我们搬不了。 1)本句的too作副词,是“太”之意,表示超出需要、允许的程度;而very是“很”之意,多表示肯定语气,有时也可用于不完全否定。试比较: ①That box is too heavy. I can't carry it. 那箱子太重了,我提不起来。 ②That box is very heavy. But I can carry it. 那箱子很重,但我能提起来。 以前,我们还学到too有“也”之意,如: I'm a teacher. She's a teacher, too. 我是教师,她也是教师。 2)carry是“携带”“搬运”之意,本身没有方向性;而take是“带领”“带给”之意,表示离开说话者这一方向。试比较: ①Let me carry the heavy box for you. 让我替你提这个重箱子。 ②Let me go and take the pen to Joan. 让我去把钢笔送给琼。 2. There! 用于引起他人注意。为了引起别人的注意;为了安慰某人或为了表示说话人所言是正确的,都可用There! 这个口语。意为“好了(你瞧)!”。例如: ①A:Mike, this box is too heavy. I can't carry it. 迈克,这个箱子太重了。我搬不动。 B:OK, Let me help you. There! OK? 好吧,让我来帮你搬。你瞧!怎么样? ②A:What's the matter? 怎么回事? B:There! He's lost his money. 瞧!他丢了钱。 There! 意为“你瞧,好了!”这时也可以说“There now! ”。这个句子没有固定的汉译,往往要根据上下文来定。 3. Are all the things in the car now? 所有东西都装上车了吗? all与限定词the, these, my等限定词连用一起修饰名词时,all要放在这些词之前。如: 正:All my teachers have watches. 我所有的老师都有手表。 误:My all teachers have watches. 我所有的老师都有手表。 正:All the students are here today. 所有的学生今天都来了。 误:The all students are here today. 所有的学生今天都来了 【模拟试题】(答题时间:70分钟) 一、从下列每组单词中选出一个划线部分读音与其它三个不同的词。 1.( 2.( 3.( 4.( 5.( 二、选择正确答案来完成单词。 1. co____d 2. c ____t_____nly 3. l____t 4. b ____th____ 5. ch____ 三、用下列各句中划线单词的反义词填空。 1. My bag is new, but Han Meimei's is ________. 2. This bottle is ________.Could I have a full one, please? 3. Liu Ying is very young, Mr. Zhang is very ________. 4. This desk is very heavy.That one is ________. 5. The big apples are red, the ________ ones are green. 四、词形变化。 1. box(复数)________ 2. bottle (复数)________ 3. two (同音异义词)________ 4. I (宾格) ________ 5. he(形容词性物主代词)________ 6. my teachers(所有格)________ 五、情景对话。 1. —Could you help me, please? —________. A. No, I could C. Certainly 2. —Hello,Mr.Hu! Nice to meet you.—________ A. How do you do? C. Thanks. 3. —I can't find my new watch. Can you see it? —________. A. Excuse me, I can't find it C. Yes, I don't know 4. —________? —It's Sunday. A. What's day today C. What day is today 5.—________? —How do you do? C. Are you OK 六、单项选择。 1. That' s ________empty bag. A. a C. the 2. ________ is my sweater, mother? Do you know? A. What C. Where 3. Let ________go to school. A. s C. us 4. Meimei and Ma Lili ________in the same grade. A. are C. am 5. —Is your English book in the bag? —Let me ________. A. to look C. look it at 6. I ________some boxes to my room. C. want to take 7. You must look after ________clothes. A. you C. mine 8. This box is ________. Can you carry it? A. old C. full 9. Please give Li Lei and Lin Tao two ________. A. bottles of oranges C. bottle of orange 10. —I don't like this black skirt, mother. — ________that yellow one? A.What about C. Whose 七、句型转换。 1. These are Li Lei's shoes. (对划线部分提问) 2. Is that car new? (用old改为一般选择疑问句) 3. It's seven o'clock. (对划线部分提问) 4. The girl behind the tree is Kate. (同上) 5. It's an old photo. (改为复数形式) 6. Can you carry this big desk? (作否定回答) 7. Is everyone here today? (写出同义句) 8. Is your sister a student? (改为否定句) 八、补全对话,每空一词。 A: B: 3 me help you. Is it in 4 bag? A:No, 5 6 . B:Look! 7 it is. 8 under your book. A: 9 . B: 10 11 12 . 【试题答案】 一、1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 二、1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 三、1.old 2. empty 3. old 四、1.boxes 2. bottles 3. too或to 4. me 六、 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A 七、 1.Whose shoes are these? 2. Is that car new or old? 3.What time is it?或 What's the time? 4.Which girl is Kate? 5. They're old photos. 6.No, I can't . 7.Are we all here today? 8. My sister isn't a student. 八、 1. Where 2. find 3. Let |