Albrecht Altdorfer (1480-1538) was a German painter, engraver, architect and leading member of the "Danube School" of German painting. Albrecht Altdorfer(1480 - 1538)是一个德国画家、雕刻、建筑师和中首屈一指的“多瑙河学校”的德国绘画。His most outstanding works are biblical and historical subjects set against highly imaginative and atmospheric landscape backgrounds.他最优秀的作品是圣经和历史学科反对拥有丰富的想像力和大气景观背景。
Nothing is known about the painter’s training and early beginnings. 谁也不知道画家的培训和早期。There is evidence that since 1505 he lived in Regensburg, where he bought property in 1513. 有证据表明,自1505年起,他住在雷根斯堡,他在那里买了财产于1513年。In 1510 Altdorfer traveled in the Alpine countries. 在1510年Altdorfer出现在阿尔卑斯山的国家。It seems highly probable that he also went to Italy; the ‘Italian influence’ could be sensed in his brilliant handling of spatial construction in the St. Florian Passion altar panels (after 1510). 看来很有可能他也去了意大利;“意大利影响的可能感觉到在他出色的处理空间建设的Florian坛领取激情面板(1510年之后)。His election to the town council in 1519 and to the inner council in 1526 shows his good standing in Regensburg. 他的镇议会选举在1519年和1526年内委员会展示了他的好站在雷根斯堡。It is also known that he served as civic architect, though there is no information about his architectural work. 众所周知,他担任公民建筑师,尽管目前还没有关于他的建筑工作信息。It is possible that he was involved in the design of the pilgrim church Zur Schonen Madonna (now the new Neupfarrkirche) at Regensburg.很可能他是设计中涉及Schonen麦当娜是朝圣者的教堂(现在新Neupfarrkirche)在雷根斯堡。
Altdorfer was one of the most talented painters in the whole of German art. Altdorfer是最有天赋的画家在整个德国的艺术。He achieved, through his color modulation, completely new ways of expression directed at the emotions. 他取得的成就,将通过他的颜色调制、全新的表达方式,针对情感。His tendency towards the ‘romantic’ is particularly obvious in his landscapes. 他“浪漫”倾向是在他的景观尤为明显。He was the first European artist to paint a ‘pure’ landscape, and in many of his other paintings figure and landscape merge in such a way that the scenic becomes the background, St. George (1510). 他是第一个欧洲艺术家描绘了一个‘纯’的景观,在他的许多其它绘画图和景观融合,在这种情况下风景成为背景,乔治摩根(1510)。He was also the first to paint a major battle picture Alexander's Victory (The Battle at the Issus) (1529). 他也是第一个大战斗画面油漆亚历山大的胜利(之Issus)(1529)。In his later works Altdorfer moved towards Mannerism. 在他的后期作品Altdorfer走向道德。He was also a pioneer of copper etching.他也是一位铜蚀刻的先驱。
The artist died in 1538.艺术家于1538年去世。
Albrecht Altdorfer (c. 1480 near Regensburg – February 12, 1538 in Regensburg) was a German painter, printmaker and architect of the Renaissance era, the leader of the Danube School in southern Germany, and a near-contemporary of Albrecht Dürer. Albrecht Altdorfer(c。1480年发生在雷根斯堡- 2月12日,在雷根斯堡)是一个德国画家,printmaker文艺复兴时代和建筑师的首领,在德国南部多瑙河学校,出自Albrecht丢勒滑稽的。He is best known as a significant pioneer of landscape in art. 他是最著名的是一个重要的景观艺术的先驱。He most often painted religious scenes, but is mainly famous as the first frequent painter of pure landscape, and also compositions dominated by their landscape. 他最常常画宗教场景,但是主要是著名的画家,作为第一频繁纯的景观,也成分占主导地位的地形。Taking and developing the landscape style of Lucas Cranach the Elder, he shows the hilly landscape of the Danube valley with thick forests of drooping and crumbling firs and larches hung with moss, and often dramatic colouring from a rising or setting sun. 以和发展的景观风格卢卡斯:克拉纳哥哥,他显示了多瑙河流域山地景观和茂密的树林和摇摇欲坠的冷杉和larches下垂悬挂苔,经常从一个戏剧性的着色上升或夕阳。His Landscape with footbridge (National Gallery, London) of 1518-20 is claimed to be the first pure landscape in oil. 他的景观与人行桥(国家美术馆,伦敦)的1518 - 20被称之为第一纯景观在油中。He also made many fine finished drawings, mostly landscapes, in pen and watercolour. 他也做了许多好完成图纸,主要景观,钢笔和水彩。His best religious scenes are intense, sometimes verging on the expressionistic, and often depict moments of intimacy between Christ and his mother, or others. 他最好的宗教的场景强烈,有时近乎的表现主义,而且经常描绘了这样的时刻与基督和他的母亲,或其他人。His most famous religious artwork is the The Legend of St. Sebastian and the Passion of Christ that decorated the altar in the St. Florian monastery in Linz, Austria. 他最著名的作品是宗教的传说的激情领取塞巴斯蒂安和基督是装饰上Florian林兹合唱领取修道院,奥地利。He often distorts perspective to subtle effect. 他经常扭曲的视角微妙的影响。His donor figures are often painted completely out of scale with the main scene, as in paintings of the previous centuries. 他常常画捐赠数字完全取决与主要场景,就像在过去几个世纪的壁画。He also painted some portraits; overall his painted oeuvre was not large. 他也画一些肖像;整体他的画诗作并不大。His rather atypical Battle of Issus (or of Alexander) of 1529 was commissioned by William IV, Duke of Bavaria as one of a suite by various artists. 他那颇为典型Issus战役(或亚历山大)1529年的今天,威廉四世委托,公爵的巴伐利亚州的一间套房作为一个由各种各样的艺术家。It is his most famous, and certainly one of his best works. 这是他最著名的,当然他的优秀作品之一。He renounced the office of Major of Regensburg to accept the commission. 他放弃了在雷根斯堡的办公室接受专业委员会。Few of his other paintings resemble this apocalyptic scene of two huge armies dominated by an extravagant landscape seen from a very high viewpoint, which looks south over the whole Mediterranean from modern Turkey to include the island of Cyprus and the mouths of the Nile and the Red Sea (behind the isthmus to the left) on the other side. 他的一些其它绘画就像两个庞大的军队天启的场景主导景观看到一个奢华从很高的观点,会在整个地中海南部包括从现代土耳其塞浦路斯的尼罗河和口和红海(后面这个地峡左边)在马路的另一侧。However his style here is a development of that of a number of miniatures of battle-scenes he had done much earlier for Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor in his illuminated manuscript Triumphal Procession in 1512-14. 然而他的风格在这里是一个发展的大量题材,他所做的battle-scenes为马克西米连一世更早,神圣罗马帝国皇帝婉在他的手抄在1512 - 14。The Battle is now in the Alte Pinakothek, which has the best collection of Altdorfer's paintings, including also his small St George and the Dragon,(1510) in oil on parchment, where the saint and the dragon are small figures almost submerged in the dense forest that towers over them. 战斗现在在Pinakothek上帝,Altdorfer的最佳珍藏的画作,还包括他的小圣?乔治龙(1510),石油的羊皮纸,那里的圣人,龙是小的数字几乎淹没在浓密的森林,高高地耸立。A Susanna and the Elders (1526) set outside an Italianate skyscraper of a palace shows his interest in architecture.一个苏珊娜和长老(1526)安置在一个Italianate摩天大楼的一座宫殿建筑显示了他的兴趣。Another small oil on parchment, Danube Landscape with Castle W?rth (c 1520) is one of the earliest accurate topographical paintings of a particular building in its setting, of a type that was to become a cliché in later centuries. 另一个小油在羊皮纸上,多瑙河景观与城堡的价值(c 1520)是最早的一种精确的地形对一个特定的建筑画背景,这种陈词滥调成为一个在以后的世纪。He was a significant printmaker with numerous engravings and about ninety-three woodcuts. 他是一个重大的printmaker与众多版画和大约九十三木刻版画选辑。These included some for the Triumphs of Maximilian, where he followed the overall style presumably set by Hans Burgkmair, although he was able to escape somewhat from this in his depictions of the more disorderly baggage-train, still coming through a mountain landscape. 其中包括一些马克西米利安式的胜利,在那里他跟着整体风格的规定Burgkmair大概汉斯,尽管他能够逃脱了某种程度的描写更乱baggage-train,还是穿过一座山的风景。However most of his best prints are etchings, many of landscapes; in these he was able most easily to use his drawing style. 不过大多数他最好的足迹被蚀刻画,许多风景;在这种他能最轻松的去使用他的绘画风格。He was one of the most successful early etchers, and was unusual for his generation of German printmakers in doing no book illustrations. 他是一个最成功的早期版画家,是不寻常的一代德国printmakers为他做没有一本书插图。He often combined etching and engraving techniques in a single plate, and produced about 122 intaglio prints altogether. 他经常结合雕刻技术,蚀刻、单盘,并由此产生了大约122凹版印制完全。He was a member of the ruling town council in Regensburg for many years, as well as the city architect and worked on improving the city walls. 他是一个执政的镇议会成员在雷根斯堡多年来,以及城市建筑师和工作在改善城墙。He presumably participated in the Council's decision to expel the city's Jewish community in 1519 , as well as making two famous etchings of the synagogue just before it was destroyed after the expulsion, to be replaced with a church, which Altdorfer designed, at least in part. 他大概是参与委员会的决定,消除城市的犹太社区1519年,以及决策的两位著名版画会堂前就被驱逐后,被替换成一座教堂,Altdorfer设计,至少在部分。Source: Wikipedia资料来源:维基百科
