书面表达开头结尾
人们常说写作文要有“凤头豹尾”，就是说作文的开头要写得像凤凰的头一样引人注目，而结尾要像豹尾那样刚劲有力、戛然而止。那么，怎样让自己的作文具有“凤头豹尾”呢?下面笔者针对不同的文体和题材对英语作文的开头和结尾的写作方法进行了归纳总结。
Ⅰ. 怎样写好文章的开头
开头是作文在阅卷老师面前的第一次亮相，它将决定你所写的文章在阅卷老师心中所留下的第一印象。如果第一印象好，就意味着有了良好的开端，也就成功了一半。Good beginning is half done，我们该怎样一提起笔就让自己成功一半呢?
1. “开门见山”式开头
一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。
①. 对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
②. 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money(时间和金钱)” 的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don’t think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but……
2. 回忆性开头
在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget (永远无法忘记)、 remember (记得)、unforgettable (难以忘怀的)、 exciting(令人激动的)、surprising(令人惊讶的)、sad (难过的)……如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.
3. 疑问性开头
在叙事类或论述性的文章中，都可采用疑问型开头，这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees(种树)”的开头可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Don’t you think planting trees is ……再如“Traveling Abroad(出国之旅)”的开头可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore?
4. 倒叙式开头
在有的文章，特别是叙事类的文章中，可以采用倒叙的写作手法，先写出事件的结果，再陈述过程。如“Catching Thieves (捉贼)”的开头可以这样写：I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It’s a … story.
Ⅱ. 怎样写好文章的结尾
文章的结尾没有固定的模式，同学们可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般情况下，记叙文和说明文经常采用自然结尾的方法;但夹叙夹议和发表观点类的文章则往往有结束语，以使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。文章结尾的形式也因文章类别和开头的风格而灵活多变。
1. 自然结尾，点明主题
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman(帮助警察)”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。
2. 首尾呼应，升华主题
在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.
3. 反问结尾，引起深思
这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，而且具有一定的强调作用，可引起他人的深思。如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure (学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)” 的结尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can …Don’t you think learning English is great fun?
4. 表达祝愿，阐述愿望
这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers’ life will be better and better.
另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes;I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year;I wish you have a good time等。
2011年中考英语满分作文必备的典型句子
一、学科
1. My favorite subject is English.
2. More than three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.
3. It is used by travelers and business people all over the world.
4. China has joined the WTO and the Olympic Games will be held in China. English becomes more and more useful.
5. So English is very important and I like English very much.
6. We have a lot of fun in the English class.
7. Our English teacher often makes us happy in the English class.
8. I hope I can go abroad one day, and then I can speak to foreigners in English.
9. I like English and try my best to learn it.
二、环保
1. It's our duty to protect our environment.
2. It is very important to take care of our environment.
3. We should not throw litter onto the ground.
4. We should not spit in a public place/cut down the trees.
5. We should plant more flowers and trees.
6. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin.
7. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
三、旅游
1. Last Sunday(Saturday,…) ,it was sunny(rainy, windy, foggy,)
2. I got up very early (late). After breakfast I went to …with my friends by bike, bus，…
3. We enjoyed ourselves.
4. We forgot the time. We didn't come back until 5 o'clock.
5. We all felt very tired, but we were happy.
6. I thought I would never forget this trip.
7. Last summer, my parents and I went to Beijing for our holidays.
8. We visited a lot of places of interest.
9. We had a good time there.
10. We bought a lot of things. The clothes here are good and cheap.
四、比赛
1. Last Sunday, Class One had a football match with Class Two.
2. All of us went to watch it.
3. The match was very exciting.
4. In fact, I have never seen such an exciting match before.
5. The score was 5-3. Our team scored three goals in the last fifteen minutes.
6. Class One won this match. Class Two lost.
7. Class One played well. They deserved to win.
8. Their PE teacher was very pleased with their performance.
五、健康
1. It is very important to keep healthy.
2. How can we keep healthy?
3. We can't go to sleep too late. We can't get up too late.
4. We should eat the food healthily.
5. We should do more exercise.
6. Last Tuesday I got a cold and had a pain in my head.
7. I didn't feel like eating anything.
8. I decided to see the doctor.
9. In the doctor's office, the doctor looks over me carefully.
10. He said, "Nothing serious." And he told me to take a rest and drink more water.
11. A nurse gave me an injection. It was a little painful.
12. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.
13. A few days later, I felt better. From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world.
六、节日
1. In China the most important holiday is the Spring Festival.
2. It comes in January or February.
3. On the Spring Festival Eve people have a big dinner. They have a lot of nice food to eat.
4. During the Spring Festival people have a lot of interesting things to do.
5. People visit their relatives and friends.
6. They greet each other with a hug and say, "Happy New Year".
7. As China is a big country, people in different places celebrate this holiday in different ways.
2011年中考英语作文环保类题目预测及范文[1]
环保问题
范文
环境问题今天环境变得越来越糟糕，环境问题影响着人们的工作，学习，生活等，而我们的工作，生活，生产等又使环境污染越来越严重……，如何保护我们的环境？请以“ How to protect our environment？ ”为题写一篇短文。提示：存在问题：1.水污染越来越严重；2.砍伐森林严重；3.大气污染严重；4.白色垃圾等。要求：如何改善/保护环境？至少：3至4个方面。
How to protect/save our environment/world？As we all know， the environment around us is getting worse and worse /more and more seriously today. Water is polluted， we have no clean water to drink. Many trees are cutting down， some animals are getting less and less. Some factories are pouring dirty air into the sky. The population is increasing faster and faster， resources are getting less and less…etc. Not only does it affect our lives and health， it also has a great affection in the future. People’s health has been greatly affected by air， noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases. In order to live a better life， something must be done to stop the pollution. It’s our duty to protect our environment. We shouldn’t throw away rubbish everywhere. Trees are very helpful and important for us. We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and more healthy in the future.
If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment， the world will become much more beautiful. In a word， if everyone pays more attention to our environment， there will be less pollution and our life will be better. “There is only one earth”， I hope everyone will protect our environment well.
限塑令
“限塑令”，自2008年6月1日起，在所有超市、商场实行塑料购物袋有偿使用制度，超市、商场一律不得免费提供塑料购物袋。请你写一篇英语短文，要求包括以下内容：
现状：目前中国每天消费近30亿个塑料袋，造成了严重的资源浪费和环境污染；
限塑令的意义：减少塑料袋使用量，提高公众的环保意识；
提倡：重拎布袋子，重提菜篮子。
参考词汇：禁令 ban 意识 awareness 提倡 advocate
The problem of “white pollution” caused by used plastic is becoming increasingly serious， in which plastic shopping bags play an important role. In China about three billion plastic shopping bags are consumed every day， which results in a great waste of resources and heavy environmental pollution. Luckily， the government has put a nationwide ban on the use of free plastic bags， demanding that all stores and supermarkets not provide customers with free plastic bags after June 1. I agree with the rule， which people can’t get the free plastic bags in the shops， supermarkets. It advocates people to use their cloth bags and baskets. It’s good for our environment. So I hope all the students in our class stop using the plastic bags， and to use our own cloth bags. I hope we can take care of our environment. Let’s make our world more and more beautiful.
节约用水
节约水是我们每个人的责任
As we know， water is very important to man， we can’t live without water. The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less. But some people don’t care about it. They waste a lot of water in their daily life. Even worse， they pour dirty water into rivers. They throw rubbish into rivers， too. Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.
Something must be done to stop the pollution. And I think it’s a great shame to waste while millions are in great need of water. I think what we can do is that we have to save every drop of water as possible as we can. For example， we must turn off the tap immediately after we use it. We can use a basin to wash our hands and faces. It’s also a good idea to encourage my friends and family members to join me！ Only in this way can we live happily. If we don’t save water， the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us. I believe if everyone makes a little effort， we can make a big difference.
低碳生活
现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”（low-carbon life），即：降低二氧化碳的排放，采取低能量、低消耗、低开支的生活方式。低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一篇短文向一家英文报社投稿。内容包括：你的具体做法、你的感受以及建议。
提示词语：be good for， everyone， ride a bike， think， make a difference， environment， suggest， reuse
Low-carbon life is good for everyone. To help with the environment， I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. Besides， I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom. I think it’s my duty to live a low-carbon life. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible. And we’d better not spend much money on expensive clothes. If everyone does something for the environment， I believe the earth will be a better place.
