四年级写作系列的前传（转贴）
Posted on 03/08/2012
这个妈妈还贴了这个戏里的前传，写的这个牛娃在一二三年级的阅读和写作。经过三年的积累，才能在四年级爆发。罗马不是一日就建成的。。。。娃毋庸置疑是甜菜娃，老师教的真是用心，这个妈妈也是无比的认真细致，It takes a village to raise a kid。
一年级
写作要在4年级开始学，4年级前也就是造句，练练手。儿子一年级的老师要求的是另外的一种造句。就是把一周学的所有生词凑在一起写一篇小文章。大潭里置顶的max的坐家妈妈也提到过这种写法。
我把儿子一年级时写的小文，整理了一下，没做任何修改，除了大小写。看看他那时写的小文，还挺有意思的，虽然罗嗦，但想像力很丰富，可能跟他读书多有关系。儿子的写作水平在班里可能也就是中等偏上，因为没有考试，这个比较是我猜的，因为他们班上贴着很多同学写得作文，我看别人都写得又整齐又长。但儿子的阅读水平是数一数二的。
- 2/11/09 — bookshelf,took,cook,crook,football,hook,good,look,shook,moonlight,balloon,valentine’s day
I saw a crook at a football stadium on valentine’s day.He took all of the balloons around the stadium.
He tied them to a picture that he stole when he was 36 years old. The picture could fly after he tied balloons on it.
A man saw the flying picture, he threw a football on it.He found the picture was a picture of a good cook.It was famous.
He liked it so much. Before he returned the picture to the musem, he drew a same picture. After he finished he put it on his bookshelf.
- 3/4/09 — catterpiller,chrysalis,clown, crowded, down, evening, found, house,metamorphosis,out, pounch,shout,snout
One day I went to the park,I found a caterpillar in the bush. A few weeks later the caterpillar turned into a chrysalis.
I wanted to bring the chrysalis to my house. I asked my mom, she said yes. That evening I found the chrysalis in my pencil pouch.
I told to my mom, my mom said it was my sister. She got in the trouble that night.Next day I got down from my bed, I looked the chrysalis,
it turned in a butterfly.
- 3/25/09 — adventure, beaches, brushes, classes, dresses,fishes, repaid, unloaded, unpack,washed,widhes
There was a boy who wanted adventure, but he couldn’t.He packed up to have an adventrue but he rather unpacked because he knew he would get in trouble. He asked his mom to go to live in beaches, she said no.
He asked his father to take him to the lake to catch fishes, he said no.
He asked his grandma to take her dresses to the landary, she said no.
At night he had lots of wishes, all of them were adventure wishes. He hoped one would come true.
Next day after breakfast he went to school, he took all of the classes. At last class the teacher gave him something that only be used at home and
tought him that his home was just a little, but better than adventure.
- 4/21/09 –thirsty,third,chirp,swirl,hurt,turn,perch,stars,nurse,bark,yard,barge,journey
At night I looked at the sky filled with stars. I looked at the yard where my dog is. I was thirsty, but I was too tired to get out of the bed to get a drink.
I went to sleep and had a dream about a journey. I had a dog who loves to bark and a bird who loves to chirp. I got hurt in the dream, but I found a cave.
I saw gold but a monster saw me, he was ready to attack. Then I woke up. I went to the kitchen and told my mom what had happened in my dream.
- 5/6/09 — because, different, friend, should, shadows, second, minute,vacation,although,again, mavelous
Today is the last day of winter. My friend went on vacation, he is coming back when it is spring. I should send a post card to him because he is my friend although he made me mad.
One time we were supposed to met at the park, but he came an hour and a second late. Now I saw two people’s shadows, I waited some more and I felt some melted sown, it took a minute to realize.
That spring is here, then my friend came back.
- 5/12/09 –money, mostly, visit, pockets, chores, children, sailor, clothes, finish, fabulous
Today I am going to visit my grandma’s house. She has two children.
The bad part is I have to do chores, the good part is that she gives me money. When I got there she gave me gloves. I asked her what it was for. She said it was for digging holes in the garden.I thought it was boring until she pulled out 5 dollars from her pocket. After I finished she gave me the 5 dollars. Then I thought the visit was going to be fun.
这些都是一年级是写的，明天我再贴一些2年级写的。明显不那么罗嗦了，看文也能看出来长大了。3年级没有开始这么写作文，可能是词汇太难了。
二年级
要说我儿在学业上有一点小成绩，主要归功于老师，儿子还上K时老师就把我难住了。一天儿子拿回一张作业，上面有8，9个单词，要求造句，但下面有一行小字，每句话的第一词不能重复。我想这可有点难，小孩造句就爱写’I'什么什么，人称代词就那么几个，都用过来也不到8，9个。这时，我儿告诉我，妈妈不能光写“I am”，要写“Am I”，还要也“Why am I”。我明白了，貌似简单的造句可是有大学问呀。可不是，一年级老师又来了个混合词造句。大家都看过了就是我儿子一年级的作文。二年级又是什么呢? 二年级没有换老师还是同一个老师，也就没有什么新鲜的，还是混合词造句，大家失望了吧，先别急，我还是发现了不同，就是要求变了。还是先看看我儿子二年级的作文吧。这次我加了一些自己的点评，大家给看看是不是这个理。
- 9/10/09 –生词：advertisement, commotion,crate, crumbs,difficult, discuss, disguise,dispose,disruption divulge, drastic,enough,hasty,imitation, improvise, irritable,neighbors, protect, slurp, surprise,taught,trouble
作文（引用8个词）：Once there was a man who got a crate with a pig inside. The pig didn’t behave. The man taught him manners but he still didn’t listen.
The pig liked to slurp, he ate cookies, crumbs were everywhere. He made many troubles, their neighbors discussed about it.
Finally the owner said to the pig "enough!" Then the pig was behaving very good.
我的感觉：
1）单词很难，但孩子写文章时，都是挑简单的写，这就是说明认识的字和熟练地运用的字是有差距的。
2）这篇小文是完整的叙述了一件事情，有开头，结尾中间情节，跟一年级的天马行空的文有一点不一样。而且语言比一年级时简练。写作是有过程的，应该是从充满想象的make up story 开始向叙述文过渡。
- 10/6/09 –生词：cartoons,describe,family,heroes, hospital, illustrator, imagine,night, respect, rhyme, rhythm,stanza, stories, storytellers, volunteered,writes
作文（引用8个词）：One day at night my family was doing things. My sister was a volunteer working in the hospital , my brother was a storyteller telling stories, my dad was a illustrator drawing cartoons, but I was doing nothing.
我的感觉：
这篇小文很不起眼，我看就是文字的堆积，但是老师给了好的评语。为什么呢？因为结尾一句话是画龙点睛之笔。一句“but I was doing nothing‘就让人觉得有故事了。我觉得老师开始强调写作技巧了。
还是看看小孩写make up story 和叙述文有多大的区别。 这是儿子上课写得一个故事，没有要求引用的单词
One day I went to Mexico, I was having fun until I saw a bear in the hotel. I was so scaled, almost peed in my pants. I fainted, when I work up I was in my underwear.
Suddenly I saw my pants was in the bear’s month. I ran, but I bumped into the wall. I ran the other way but bumped my head again.
Then I called zoo, they came, but got eaten by the bear. I called police, they got eaten again.
The bear was coming to me, he was getting to eat me up. HELP! Oh, No—, I punched, I punched him 100,000miles of the ground!!!! Then the bear went to the hospital.
- 10/12/09 –生词：Backpack,beautiful,campfire,comping,doe,fawn,hike,lanterns,quiet,sappy,shiver,starlight,tender,tent,year
作文（引用10个词）： One day of last year , I carried my backpack to the car, we were going to camping. On the trip, we would build a tent，have a campfire, a hike and something else. When we got there, I was shivering because It was too cold. I took my lantern to see in the dark. I watched the starlight, it was so beautiful. Then I went to sleep, It was a quiet night.
比较这两篇小文，可以看出孩子编故事还是很有想象力的。但是写道叙述文就比较平淡。这是肯定的因为叙述文难呀。不能靠情节取胜，只有笔头的真功夫。
所以如果觉得孩子写作平淡，也别奇怪，就是火候还没到呗。这不是一天2天能练好的。
这也是我说我儿子写作在班里只是中等的原因，他不满意他的叙述文写作，他觉得他写起来没有make up story顺手。所以任重而道远呀。
二年级时，还练习写了寓言。
这是一篇上课写的，没有要求引用的字。
Once there was a bird that was flying，but she didn’t look where she was going, then she bumped into a tree and fell down.
When she woke up, she thought she was a squirrel and tried to climb a tree,but she fell again.
Now she thought she was a human, she walked like a human, but she bumped into a house.
Now she thought she was a fox, she tried to trick someone, but she got hit on her foot.
Now she thought she was a bird again. Once again she was flying ,she bumped into a tree. She said:“Here we go again."
我问过儿子你这是什么moral呀，他说就是如果没有方向，你怎么努力怎么变都没用。我想这也太狠了，一点希望都不给人家。不管怎么样，孩子在思考“理”了，
“文”是什么，我觉得文就是不仅要漂亮地叙述一件事情，而且要寓一个“理”在里面。孩子好像又向前走了一步。
下面是他写的龟兔赛跑。
- 11/16/09 –生词：argument astonished bark bridge challenge clamped dialogue fable flattery force genre gust lesson marvelous moral reflection sly splash traveler
作文： I read a fable which has a lesson and a moral. It is called The Hare and The Tortoise. It is about a tortoise and a hare have a argument to see who is faster.They decided to race. The next day the challenge begun. READY SET GO, the hare was out of sight. He was so sure of himself, then he took a nap.
But the tortoise never stopped. When the hare woke up, he was just in time to see tortoise win the race.The lesson is that slow but steady may win a race.
- 还有就是诗，我记得从一年起，老师就让孩子们背一些诗，二年级阅读理解里会专门讲到诗，写诗可能是提高语言技巧的最好的方法吧。看看我儿子写的2 首诗。不论他写得怎么样，我还是很喜欢他的选材的，忽略teal这个词用得对不对，合辙押韵这点是做到了。另一首是情人节时写给爸爸妈妈的。当然了，这首太经典了，我问他哪是抄的，哪是自己写的，他说都是他写的，就算是吧。
One day I went to art,
I saw a big heart.
I wondered if it was real,
I thought the color was teal.
I wondered if I could punch it,
Maybe I should wear a mitt.
I needed to ask,
Maybe I should wear a mask.
Roses are red,
Violets are blue
Candy is sweet
Just like you
Your smell like flowers
and honeydew
You love me
I love you
You both care about me as I do too
I wish you could be beside me too
今天在大家面前班门弄斧，点评了一下儿子2年级的作文。 总结一下就是
1）写作的过程是从编故事，到叙述文，到议论文（还没有写到，但是应该是吧）一步一步进步的。也就是从开始的趣味性，到完整地叙述一件事情，到寓“理”于文慢慢地过渡的。
2）写不同文体的文章，能提高不同的写作技巧。像写寓言，即能编故事，又能阐述道理。写诗提高语言的驾御能力。
3）单词记得多，学得深不一定就能写得好。认识的词和能运用的词还是有差距的。孩子运用已经掌握的词汇，也能写出耐看的文。
三年级
儿子上的是公校fulltime gifted class，有一半多的孩子是reading gifted（IQ测试的结果），我感觉教得比较深，而且进度快。reading就像无底洞，怎么学也填不满.看看他们这周的作业，
- 单词 sorrowful, sighs, harsh, triumphant, escort, comrades, draft,invaders, scrolls,endured,disobey,assure, exhale,campaign,destroy,
platform,slogan,vise
- 成语 ace up his sleeve, achilles’heel,fuel to the fire,air their dirty laundry in public, ants in your pans, apple of my eye, I’m all ears,at the drop of a hat,end of my rope
18个单词9个成语，星期一解释，星期2造句（成语不用），星期3写同意词和反义词，星期4复习，星期5考试，考试不要求拼写，就像选合适的词填空。这18个单词和9个成语混在一起选合适的词填空，真够我喝一壶的。
这才是单词，还有阅读理解，一天一篇文章，读后回答一篇问题，来自spectrum reading,有兴趣可以买这个练习题看看。一天还要有至少45分钟的阅读，学校有AR test，每人要完成自己的AR goal, 以前我在大潭讲过AR, 不知道的可以去考考古。
我经常感慨，native speaker的英语是这样从小学出来的，我们外国人怎么比。
儿子从小喜欢读书，遇到特别喜欢的他还会抄下来，曾经抄过The Lightning Thief，Diary of a Wimpy Kid等系列，他有一个本子，高兴地时候会拿出来，抄一些他喜欢的，我家不买书，因为儿子说借来的书他会想把它抄下来。我也不过问他抄什么，就是他兴奋地要念给大家听。其实也没看他费多长时间，也就是10几20分钟的事。
还有我儿子在家心血来潮时会写一些归类的词，比如有时写一天的动词，他会回忆他一天从起床起的所有动作的动词，要满满地写2页纸，有时他要写动物，也要写 2页，写国家名，写pokemen的名字，写形容好的，形容坏的形容词。反正写什么他都要绞尽脑汁想得实在没有了为止。字典上有的也要抄在他的宝贝笔记本上，有空了还翻一翻。
儿子做事出人预料的时候多，前几天他还在课堂上写了一篇中英文混合作文。作文的骨架是英文的，他把文中的一些英文词置换成了汉字了。但因为他知道的汉字不多，他要把会背写的汉字先写出来，再组织文章，为了把尽可能多的汉字写进文章中，他说他费了一番心思。
我觉得这些方法可能对写作和词汇量都有帮助，但这些都得孩子自己愿意干才行，像写一些归类的词我觉得很枯燥，但我儿子自己津津乐道，得找出孩子自己愿意干的方式。
四年级老师教的写作（转贴）
Posted on 03/06/2012
网上看到一篇讲儿子四年级的老师怎么教的写作，感觉非常有启发。作者还没写完，我已经忍不住转过来和大家分享。小娃家长们不要着急，这是四年级的要求，对一二年级的小娃，感觉是把事情说清楚，说完整，能准确表述出自己的观点就已经非常好了。老大三年级开始，老师对他们的写作要求提高，写不同题材，不同角度的，但是没有下面那个老师这么有条理，有层次的，从遣词造句逐层递进的训练过。
儿子4年纪，今年正式学写作。今天拿回了一些work sheet，我大概看了一遍，对老师们细致地教写作的过程还是颇有感触的，特意把这些work sheet的内容写出来和大家分享。因为内容很多，我只能摘要一些，再加一些儿子的练习便于理解。一次不能完成，我还是写个系列吧。今天先写文字的训练。我以为写作就是教怎么写文章，开头，中间，结尾，其实不然，写作要从用词开始。实际上也好理解，要盖房子先备砖。
- 文字的训练的基础
- 写作首先是文字的训练，学习用 high vocabulary，不用简单的词。
- 例如简单的颜色的词，yellow， blue等是preschool word，写作要用college colors,如bule有azure，indigo，purple是plum，fuchsia，lavender，magenta，lilac。白色是 ashen，ivory，绿色是chartreuse，olive等等大概20几个词吧。
- 下面是儿子的练习–要求：Use vivid vocabulary to describe a sunset at beach
I was watching the sunset from our vacation house. The wavy clear ocean licking the golden sand. On the calm quiet beach nobody was walking. The white seagulls hovering above the vacation house. It was the most perfect sunset ever.
- 这是写作的第一节课，可以看出孩子的vivid vocabulary还不够丰富，整个一年的写作就是围绕着vivid vocabulary做文章，看到最后你会发现，经过老师的训练，孩子还是很有进步的。
- 文字游戏 alliterations 合辙押韵
- 例如 The clouds moved like wispy waves across the sky.其中wispy waves。一些经典名字也是alliterations，像Mickey Mouse,friend or foe, rough and ready等等20几个。
- 下面是儿子写的练习
- 要求-something associated with summer，autumn，winter，spring
儿子写到: sizzling summer Saturdays，lovely leaves lying low，freezing frortg sunflowers, sunny sunflower sprout
- 要求 Using state names, create your own alliteration sentences. 一共要求写20个，选几个儿子写的例子。
- Alaska’s astronauts always asks about after life.
- Canada’s cool cupcakes come from curious cows.
- Washington washes whales on Wednesday.
- 象声词 Onomatopoeia：例如drip sound made by a drop of water， whish sound made by something moving quickly through air，Squek sound made by a mouse 等等20几个词吧 要求：Write a paragraph using examples of Onomatopoeia
Boom!! The microwave exploded and crash!! the dished fell. Scream!!! the people were running because a hurricane was in progress. Fling!! the nails flew it was aiming my way. Then poof, the things went away and I realized it was a dream.
- 特殊的写作方法
- Idioms:strange saying 成语
- 这个好理解，英语里成语也很多，需要多读多看。例如：fly off the handle means to lose one’s temper, egg on your face means embarrassed, in a pickle means in trouble, go to bat for means defend, bury the hatchet means forgive 还有像 a penny for your thoughts，That’s the way the cookie crumbles等等通过上下文才能理解的成语。儿子他们好像学了有50，60个成语吧。
- Similes 比喻能Striking it rich!所以非常重要。这也就不解释了。
- 例如 happy as a clam, thick as pea soup, mad as a wet hen, sly as a fox等等太多
- 下面是儿子写的比喻的练习，选几个有意思的。
- sad as a singer who lost his voice
- bright as day light to a vampire
- laughs like a mad scientist
- scared as a girl in a hunted house
- grows like a magic bean
- The actor was nervous as a man knowing that the world is going to end.
- Her blue eyes are like a mixture of the ocean and the sky.
- Grandpa’s laughter sounds like horse choking on a wrecking ball.
- Success tastes like a all you can eat sushi buffet.
- 比喻的写法非常重要，是重点。他们练了很多.还有一种比喻的写法是直接写成is,are.
还是看看我儿子写的练习吧。
- A raindrop is a miniature ocean in the sky.
- Mom’s hug was a cup of hot chocolate.
- Rock music is a bad headache.
- The winning point was happiness bursting into fireworks.
- Hyperbole 夸张
- 例如 It was so hot you could fry an egg on the sidewalk. The program was so boring that even the flies went to sleep.
- 下面是儿子写的一些夸张的句子。
- He was so strong he could lift the Eiffel tower with his pinky.
- I was so tired I could sleep in World War 2.
- He was so hot with fever I could cook lasagna on his face.
- 描写的方法
- personification 拟人的写法
- 例如：用描写人的动词写wind,可以用whisper， howl， race, 写成句子就是 The wind whispered through the tree branches.
- 看看儿子写的练习 –要求：List three human actions for each item,use personification to write a sentence for each item.
- rain: sad, tapping, knocking, roaring, screaming–句子：The rain was knocking on the windows
- river:rushing, dancing,runs –句子：The river was rushing through the forest like a cheetah.
- waterfall: roar,rumbling,tumbles,screaming –句子：The waterfall was roaring until my ears fell off.
- Using sense words.
- Sense words tell how something looks, sounds,smells, feels, or tastes. 例如without sense words的句子是：The stars shone in the sky. with sense words就变成：Bright yellow stars sparkled against the black sky. 这部分最难，就是用恰当的adjectives描写。这部分老师强调的还是vivid vocabulary。
- 儿子的练习 — 要求：Write sense words to describe each one
- a snowflake: delicate, falling, beautiful
- walnuts: nutty,hard,scrumptious
- the seashore: refreshing, relaxing, cool
- a fish dinner: satisfying, fishy, spicy
- hiking boots: sharp, indestructible, hard
- lettuce:inedible, disgusting, vile (一看就知道我儿子讨厌吃菜吧)
- 总之就是要写好文章，词是关键。
- 扩展句子(Make boring better)
- 前面学的一直是词汇，现在开始延伸到句子。简单的叙述句很boring，要在这些句子中加入形容词把句子扩展开，生动化，make boring better。
例如：The cat fell asleep. 很boring，把它改成 The tired cat drifted quickly off to sleep.
- 看看儿子的练习 — 要求：Rewrite the following sentences so that they are more interesting for readers.
- Stan jumped into the pool. –Friendly daredevil Stan double front flipped into the cool relaxing crystal-clear pool and made a glamorous monstrous splash.
- My best friend is a nice person. — My loyal best extraordinary amazing friend is unbelievably kind.（看了这句话我怎么有一种夸死人不偿命的感觉。）
- The dog wagged his tail. –Joyous labrador wet dag happily wagged his over length furry tail and sprayed everyone with ginormous incredible amounts of water.
- we watched the man during the jump. — Everyone excitedly watched the scrawny man scared scream during the jump into a ring filled with ferocious lions.
- The sun shone in the sky. — The ginormous lemon sun brightly shone in the clear blue sky creating a beautiful sight.
- Birds were in the tree — Newborn birds hungrily watched as their tired mom brought back the delicious worms in the oak tree.
- 瞬间的扩展描写
- 学完了扩展句子，老师又教了magnify the moment。我暂且把它翻译成瞬间的扩展描写。就是要把一瞬间或一个状态扩展开写，要show not tell.老师非常强调show not tell，要求写作时要给读者描绘什么东西，而不是告诉他是什么。
- 还是用儿子写的练习做例子吧。
- 要求：magnify the moment 1）The pizza was delicious. 就是在文章中不能直接写出pizza was delicious，要描绘出一个状态，让读者感觉到pizza太好吃了。这就是show not tell。
Sticky, gooey, cheese was hanging from my lip. Tomato sauce smeared all over my face. Pizza crust was being chewed by my mouth. Boy ,this is the best thing I ever ate.
- The streets were crowded.
Large gangs of people were clustered together. Billions of posters and signs were flying in the air. The sound was as loud as a helicopter. Boy,everybody had come to see this rock band.
- 下面这是一个标准的magnify the moment练习。要求写那尴尬的一瞬间。记得儿子他们写了很多这样的练习，但我只能找到这一个。
3) As you leave the grocery store you realize that the ice cream that you just purchased melted.It is slowly sliding down your left leg! You see the cutest(boy/girl)in school coming your way!
I was as nervous as a deer in alligator territory. My heart was racing with thoughts like "What if she sees me?" All I could think of was what to do. Ding! An idea suddenly popped into my head. As quick as a cheetah chasing his prey I bent over and lapped it up, even though everyone was glaring at me like I was a maniac."Oh no," I exclaimed she was coming closer! I ducked behind aisle 14 which sold glass bottles and hid behind them. Suddenly I started to itch and I reached my arm to scratch my foot. Crash!! The whole aisle of glass fell over one by one. Every spot on the crimson floor was covered minuscule shards of glass. All of the intricately cups were shattered in a million pieces! The sound could be heard 10 miles away! But then the worst part happened, She hurried over to see what the commotion was and then she saw me and the million pieces of glass. "Oops" I said my cheeks blushing. She suddenly laughed!"HA HA HA” she giggled again then we went to the nearest amusement park and have a blast!!
- 跟踪儿子学写作的心得
先说说我为什么比较关注儿子的写作。我自己是个写作非常差的人，高中时很少能在作文课上交作业，课下费好长时间也憋不出一篇让老师满意的文章，写作是我不折不扣的软肋。而我这个儿子和我相反，从没把写东西看成负担，从K开始我就看他下笔神速，还头头是道，我认为自己会的东西，儿子也会那是理所应当的，基因吗.可是自己不会的，儿子比较擅长我就奇怪了，重申他爹也比我好不了哪去。所以我很感兴趣，比较留意他的写作。
再回答一些妈妈的问题。我们州4年级州考有写作，因为一篇作文需要2个老师阅卷，阅卷时间比较长，所以州考安排在2月底，从去年8月底开学持续到2 月底，整整半年，学校的语文课天天教作文。所以我说是正式学写作。我这个写作系列和我以前写的一些关于儿子写作的文章都是说他在学校里学习的事，不是校外的补习班。
很多人都知道我儿子上的是家门口的公立学校的Full Time GT班，所谓的Full Time GT就是所有的功课（语文，数学，科学，社会）都是GT课程，全班都是GT生，老师是有资格的GT老师。没见他们用过整本的资料，都是老师发的复印纸，所以我也不知道有没有成品的参考书。
言归正传还是说说我跟踪儿子学写作的心得吧。从去年8月底开学到2月底，整整半年的时间里，儿子他们天天有写作课，天天有练习作业，从练词开始，扩展句子，短文（magnify the moment），命题作文，轮番上阵，把世界上的万物万物差不多都要写遍了，强度之大，大家可以想象吧。面对这么强大的训练，如果没有4年级前的文字积累，是不是得抓狂。试想老师天天教导学生，写文章要用生动的词汇，可是如果脑子里没有那么多生动词汇，怎么办呢？我自己很知道那种感受，真是强人所难呀。所以写作的基础一定是词汇的积累。
词汇的积累又从哪里来呢？肯定是书中，从READING中来。下面分享一个儿子他们班reading课的生词表，看看对怎么学单词是不是有一些启发。
文章是Finding the Titanic(文章我没有读过，看到这个名字应该能猜到是什么内容吧)
- Vocabulary words : shipwrecks,unsinkable,voyage,steward, iceberg, distress, stern,survivors,drenched,wreckage,funnels, loomed, portholes, crow’s nest plaques,monument,courageous,perseverance
- Idioms: every cloud has a silver lining; easy as pie; not my cup of tea; hit the sack;
- Simile: As quiet as a mouse
- Vivid verbs: persevere,appease,claw,assist,grumble,hover,wince
可见他们reading的时候就把词分得很细，Vocabulary words和Vivid verbs还分开，一些特殊的写作方法，像成语和比喻都会讲到，词汇就是这样有秩序地积累起来的吧。
写作绝对是一个持续的过程，不能因为4年级才学写作，4年级前就什么都不做。
儿子学校一，二年级的时候，练的是混合词造句，就是把学过的单词混合到一起写一小段文章，训练的应该是词和文的结合吧。三年级的时候，学习的内容主要是以reading为主，这一点我前面的3年级的reading 单词的贴子里有提到。所以大段的文章写的不多，但还是写了很多漫画书，就是老师给只有画，没有字的漫画，让孩子们自己写漫画中的对话。感觉强调的是趣味性和幽默感。
有了文字的积累和系统的训练就够了吗?我感觉还少了一样，就是写作源于生活，话说起来有点酸，确实是这样的，这一点将来我会在写作系列–命题作文中和大家分享。据儿子讲，老师要求写一篇 time management的文章，他写了他下chess的经历，得了满分6分。下棋是要用表计时的，输赢也许就在几秒钟之内，真是一个time management的好例子。 还有写一次难忘的field trip，儿子把我们全家旅游的经历写了进去，也是得了满分。生活中发生过的事情经过润色写出来，才有血有肉吧。
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