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1. SNMP installation using ports Install net-snmp using this commands: # cd /usr/ports/net-mgmt/net-snmp  net-snmp 2. SNMP basic configuration Copy the default configuration file to the right location. # cp /usr/local/share/snmp/snmpd.conf.example /usr/local/etc/snmpd.conf Open /usr/local/etc/snmpd.conf and set up the community and network access. Click here to download an example configuration file. Open /etc/rc.conf in your favorite editor and make sure snmpd is enabled: snmpd_enable="YES" Type the following command to start snmpd: # /usr/local/etc/rc.d/snmpd start At this point you should be able to snmpwalk your host # snmpwalk -v1 -c public 127.0.0.1 This will get you up and running with a basic snmp configuration. Next, we'll use snmpconf utility to set up an advanced configration. The next step is optional. 3. SNMP advanced configuration using snmpconf There is a handy utility called 'snmpconf' that can be run to help you generate the snmp.conf (optional) and snmpd.conf files. This will give you more options and help you with the security. # snmpconf -i I can create the following types of configuration files for you. 1: snmp.conf snmp.conf dictates how Net-SNMP applications should operate,
snmptrapd.conf configures the snmptrapd daemon which is used for
ongoing monitoring via SNMP, and snmpd.conf defines how the snmp daemon
which we will be using, is configured. The main menu: 1: System Information Setup Choose option '1', and at the 'System Information Setup' menu, choose
'1' again. You will be asked to enter the location of your system. This
can be the country, locality, site name, or any other data you would
use to describe the location of the system. After you enter this, you
will be returned to the 'System Information Setup' menu. From the main menu, choose option '2' for 'Access Control Setup' 1: a SNMPv3 read-write user For the purpose of simplicity, we will set up a read-only SNMPv1
server which listens only on localhost. SNMPv2 and v3 provide some added
security in the form of user names and passwords. Next we will confirm where the daemon should be listening. From the main menu, choose option '6' for 'Agent Operating Mode' 1: Should the agent operate as a master agent or not. Choose option '4', and enter 127.0.0.1 as the address at which snmpd will listen. Return to the main menu, and choose 'finished' again. You will be shown to the original menu asking which file you would like to edit. choose to 'quit'. Finally, we have to copy the configuration to the right location and then restart snmpd: # cp /usr/local/share/snmp/snmpd.conf /usr/local/etc/snmpd.conf snmpd.conf实例 ############################################################################### # # EXAMPLE.conf: # An example configuration file for configuring the snmpd agent. # ############################################################################### # # This file is intended to only be an example. If, however, you want # to use it, it should be placed in /usr/local/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf. # When the snmpd agent starts up, this is where it will look for it. # # You might be interested in generating your own snmpd.conf file using # the "snmpconf" program (perl script) instead. It's a nice menu # based interface to writing well commented configuration files. Try it! # # Note: This file is automatically generated from EXAMPLE.conf.def. # Do NOT read the EXAMPLE.conf.def file! Instead, after you have run # configure & make, and then make sure you read the EXAMPLE.conf file # instead, as it will tailor itself to your configuration. # All lines beginning with a '#' are comments and are intended for you # to read. All other lines are configuration commands for the agent. # # PLEASE: read the snmpd.conf(5) manual page as well! # ############################################################################### # Access Control ############################################################################### # YOU SHOULD CHANGE THE "COMMUNITY" TOKEN BELOW TO A NEW KEYWORD ONLY # KNOWN AT YOUR SITE. YOU *MUST* CHANGE THE NETWORK TOKEN BELOW TO # SOMETHING REFLECTING YOUR LOCAL NETWORK ADDRESS SPACE. # By far, the most common question I get about the agent is "why won't # it work?", when really it should be "how do I configure the agent to # allow me to access it?" # # By default, the agent responds to the "public" community for read # only access, if run out of the box without any configuration file in # place. The following examples show you other ways of configuring # the agent so that you can change the community names, and give # yourself write access as well. # # The following lines change the access permissions of the agent so # that the COMMUNITY string provides read-only access to your entire # NETWORK (EG: 10.10.10.0/24), and read/write access to only the # localhost (127.0.0.1, not its real ipaddress). # # For more information, read the FAQ as well as the snmpd.conf(5) # manual page. #### # First, map the community name (COMMUNITY) into a security name # (local and mynetwork, depending on where the request is coming # from): # sec.name source community com2sec local localhost public com2sec mynetwork 192.168.1.1 public com2sec mynetwork 192.168.2.0/24 public #### # Second, map the security names into group names: # sec.model sec.name group MyRWGroup v1 local group MyRWGroup v2c local group MyRWGroup usm local group MyROGroup v1 mynetwork group MyROGroup v2c mynetwork group MyROGroup usm mynetwork #### # Third, create a view for us to let the groups have rights to: # incl/excl subtree mask view all included .1 80 #### # Finally, grant the 2 groups access to the 1 view with different # write permissions: # context sec.model sec.level match read write notif access MyROGroup "" any noauth exact all none none access MyRWGroup "" any noauth exact all all none # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ############################################################################### # System contact information # # It is also possible to set the sysContact and sysLocation system # variables through the snmpd.conf file. **PLEASE NOTE** that setting # the value of these objects here makes these objects READ-ONLY # (regardless of any access control settings). Any attempt to set the # value of an object whose value is given here will fail with an error # status of notWritable. syslocation MyLocation syscontact SysAdmin <sysadmin@example.com> # Example output of snmpwalk: # % snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost system # system.sysDescr.0 = "SunOS name sun4c" # system.sysObjectID.0 = OID: enterprises.ucdavis.ucdSnmpAgent.sunos4 # system.sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (595637548) 68 days, 22:32:55 # system.sysContact.0 = "Me <me@somewhere.org>" # system.sysName.0 = "name" # system.sysLocation.0 = "Right here, right now." # system.sysServices.0 = 72 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ############################################################################### # Process checks. # # The following are examples of how to use the agent to check for # processes running on the host. The syntax looks something like: # # proc NAME [MAX=0] [MIN=0] # # NAME: the name of the process to check for. It must match # exactly (ie, http will not find httpd processes). # MAX: the maximum number allowed to be running. Defaults to 0. # MIN: the minimum number to be running. Defaults to 0. # # Examples: # # Make sure mountd is running #proc mountd # Make sure there are no more than 4 ntalkds running, but 0 is ok too. #proc ntalkd 4 # Make sure at least one sendmail, but less than or equal to 10 are running. proc sendmail 10 1 proc sshd proc cron # A snmpwalk of the prTable would look something like this: # # % snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.2 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prIndex.1 = 1 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prIndex.2 = 2 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prIndex.3 = 3 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prNames.1 = "mountd" # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prNames.2 = "ntalkd" # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prNames.3 = "sendmail" # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMin.1 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMin.2 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMin.3 = 1 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMax.1 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMax.2 = 4 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prMax.3 = 10 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prCount.1 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prCount.2 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prCount.3 = 1 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrorFlag.1 = 1 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrorFlag.2 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrorFlag.3 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrMessage.1 = "No mountd process running." # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrMessage.2 = "" # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrMessage.3 = "" # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrFix.1 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrFix.2 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.procTable.prEntry.prErrFix.3 = 0 # # Note that the errorFlag for mountd is set to 1 because one is not # running (in this case an rpc.mountd is, but thats not good enough), # and the ErrMessage tells you what's wrong. The configuration # imposed in the snmpd.conf file is also shown. # # Special Case: When the min and max numbers are both 0, it assumes # you want a max of infinity and a min of 1. # # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ############################################################################### # Executables/scripts # # # You can also have programs run by the agent that return a single # line of output and an exit code. Here are two examples. # # exec NAME PROGRAM [ARGS ...] # # NAME: A generic name. # PROGRAM: The program to run. Include the path! # ARGS: optional arguments to be passed to the program # a simple hello world exec echotest /bin/echo hello world exec hddtemp /bin/echo temp # Run a shell script containing: # # #!/bin/sh # echo hello world # echo hi there # exit 35 # # Note: this has been specifically commented out to prevent # accidental security holes due to someone else on your system writing # a /tmp/shtest before you do. Uncomment to use it. # #exec shelltest /bin/sh /tmp/shtest # Then, # % snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.8 # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extIndex.1 = 1 # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extIndex.2 = 2 # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extNames.1 = "echotest" # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extNames.2 = "shelltest" # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extCommand.1 = "/bin/echo hello world" # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extCommand.2 = "/bin/sh /tmp/shtest" # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extResult.1 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extResult.2 = 35 # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extOutput.1 = "hello world." # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extOutput.2 = "hello world." # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extErrFix.1 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.extTable.extEntry.extErrFix.2 = 0 # Note that the second line of the /tmp/shtest shell script is cut # off. Also note that the exit status of 35 was returned. # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ############################################################################### # disk checks # # The agent can check the amount of available disk space, and make # sure it is above a set limit. # disk PATH [MIN=DEFDISKMINIMUMSPACE] # # PATH: mount path to the disk in question. # MIN: Disks with space below this value will have the Mib's errorFlag set. # Default value = DEFDISKMINIMUMSPACE. # Check the / partition and make sure it contains at least 10 megs. disk / 10000 # % snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9 # enterprises.ucdavis.diskTable.dskEntry.diskIndex.1 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.diskTable.dskEntry.diskPath.1 = "/" Hex: 2F # enterprises.ucdavis.diskTable.dskEntry.diskDevice.1 = "/dev/dsk/c201d6s0" # enterprises.ucdavis.diskTable.dskEntry.diskMinimum.1 = 10000 # enterprises.ucdavis.diskTable.dskEntry.diskTotal.1 = 837130 # enterprises.ucdavis.diskTable.dskEntry.diskAvail.1 = 316325 # enterprises.ucdavis.diskTable.dskEntry.diskUsed.1 = 437092 # enterprises.ucdavis.diskTable.dskEntry.diskPercent.1 = 58 # enterprises.ucdavis.diskTable.dskEntry.diskErrorFlag.1 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.diskTable.dskEntry.diskErrorMsg.1 = "" # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ############################################################################### # load average checks # # load [1MAX=DEFMAXLOADAVE] [5MAX=DEFMAXLOADAVE] [15MAX=DEFMAXLOADAVE] # # 1MAX: If the 1 minute load average is above this limit at query # time, the errorFlag will be set. # 5MAX: Similar, but for 5 min average. # 15MAX: Similar, but for 15 min average. # Check for loads: load 12 14 14 # % snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10 # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveIndex.1 = 1 # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveIndex.2 = 2 # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveIndex.3 = 3 # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveNames.1 = "Load-1" # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveNames.2 = "Load-5" # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveNames.3 = "Load-15" # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveLoad.1 = "0.49" Hex: 30 2E 34 39 # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveLoad.2 = "0.31" Hex: 30 2E 33 31 # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveLoad.3 = "0.26" Hex: 30 2E 32 36 # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveConfig.1 = "12.00" # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveConfig.2 = "14.00" # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveConfig.3 = "14.00" # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveErrorFlag.1 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveErrorFlag.2 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveErrorFlag.3 = 0 # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveErrMessage.1 = "" # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveErrMessage.2 = "" # enterprises.ucdavis.loadTable.laEntry.loadaveErrMessage.3 = "" # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ############################################################################### # Extensible sections. # # This alleviates the multiple line output problem found in the # previous executable mib by placing each mib in its own mib table: # Run a shell script containing: # # #!/bin/sh # echo hello world # echo hi there # exit 35 # # Note: this has been specifically commented out to prevent # accidental security holes due to someone else on your system writing # a /tmp/shtest before you do. Uncomment to use it. # # exec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.50 shelltest /bin/sh /tmp/shtest # % snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.50 # enterprises.ucdavis.50.1.1 = 1 # enterprises.ucdavis.50.2.1 = "shelltest" # enterprises.ucdavis.50.3.1 = "/bin/sh /tmp/shtest" # enterprises.ucdavis.50.100.1 = 35 # enterprises.ucdavis.50.101.1 = "hello world." # enterprises.ucdavis.50.101.2 = "hi there." # enterprises.ucdavis.50.102.1 = 0 # Now the Output has grown to two lines, and we can see the 'hi # there.' output as the second line from our shell script. # # Note that you must alter the mib.txt file to be correct if you want # the .50.* outputs above to change to reasonable text descriptions. # Other ideas: # # exec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.51 ps /bin/ps # exec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.52 top /usr/local/bin/top # exec .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.53 mailq /usr/bin/mailq # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ############################################################################### # Pass through control. # # Usage: # pass MIBOID EXEC-COMMAND # # This will pass total control of the mib underneath the MIBOID # portion of the mib to the EXEC-COMMAND. # # Note: You'll have to change the path of the passtest script to your # source directory or install it in the given location. # # Example: (see the script for details) # (commented out here since it requires that you place the # script in the right location. (its not installed by default)) # pass .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.255 /bin/sh PREFIX/local/passtest # % snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.255 # enterprises.ucdavis.255.1 = "life the universe and everything" # enterprises.ucdavis.255.2.1 = 42 # enterprises.ucdavis.255.2.2 = OID: 42.42.42 # enterprises.ucdavis.255.3 = Timeticks: (363136200) 42 days, 0:42:42 # enterprises.ucdavis.255.4 = IpAddress: 127.0.0.1 # enterprises.ucdavis.255.5 = 42 # enterprises.ucdavis.255.6 = Gauge: 42 # # % snmpget -v 1 -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.255.5 # enterprises.ucdavis.255.5 = 42 # # % snmpset -v 1 -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.255.1 s "New string" # enterprises.ucdavis.255.1 = "New string" # # For specific usage information, see the man/snmpd.conf.5 manual page # as well as the local/passtest script used in the above example. ############################################################################### # Subagent control # # The agent can support subagents using a number of extension mechanisms. # From the 4.2.1 release, AgentX support is being compiled in by default. # To use this mechanism, simply uncomment the following directive. # # master agentx # # Please see the file README.agentx for more details. # ############################################################################### # Further Information # # See the snmpd.conf manual page, and the output of "snmpd -H". # MUCH more can be done with the snmpd.conf than is shown as an # example here. # #pass_persist .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.55 /usr/bin/perl /home/scripts/script.pl |
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