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从2010年高考试题看非谓语动词
2012-06-24 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
从2010年高考试题

?看非谓语动词题的解题思路

???河南省泌阳县第一高级中学???刘春三

对非谓语动词的考查是历年高考考查的热点,也是同学们做题的难点。鉴于此,本文结合2010年高考试题浅谈有关非谓语动词题的解题思路,以便帮助同学们找到解题的捷径。

一、考虑非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主谓关系,还是动宾关系,简称“主动被动关系确定”。

1.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_______fromthelibrary.(2010全国Ⅰ)

A.toborrow?????B.tobeborrowed?????C.borrowed?????D.borrowing

【解题思路】正确答案为C.maps和borrow是动宾关系,所以borrow应该用被动形式,表示被动完成。因此空白处应用过去分词做后置定语。即可排除其他选项。此句的句意为:怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。同学们做题时,就要考虑所选动词与其逻辑主语的关系,是“主动还是被动?”。这和谓语动词的语态意义上是一致的。

2.I’mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday’sChinaDaily.(2010北京)

A.advertised??B.tobeadvertised???C.advertising??????D.havingadvertised

【解题思路】正确答案为A.所填的动词与position之间构成动宾关系,应该用被动形式,故排除C,D两项。而该动词并非表示一个将来的动作,可排除B选项。考虑“主动还是被动?”,可以使解此类问题简捷准确。

3.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand_______lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.(2010浙江)

??A.beingweighed??B.toweigh?????C.weighed??????D.weighing?

【解题思路】正确答案为D.逻辑主语youngchildren与weigh之间,属于主动关系,应用动词的-ing形式。此处weighing相当于“youngchildrenwhoweighlessthan40pounds”.

二、明确非谓语动词动作发生的时间,与主句谓语动词动作发生的先后,简称“动作发生次序定位”。

1.Dina,________formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.(2010湖南)

?A.struggling???B.struggled???C.havingstruggled?????D.tostruggle

【解题思路】正确答案为C.考虑struggle这一“动作何时发生?”:struggle这一动作发生在谓语动词took之前,故用现在分词的完成式。句意:在经过数月努力找一份服务员的工作未果之后,Dina最终在一个当地广告事务所谋得了一个职位。

2.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone_______firstisthelibrary.(2010重庆)

A.repaired????B.beingrepaired????C.repairing?????D.toberepaired

??【解题思路】正确答案为D.依据句意可知动作是将要发生,动词不定式表示将来的动作。而且,动词不定式的被动式作后置定语,修饰theone,repair与theone之间为被动关系。

3.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney_______inthelibrary.(2010湖南)

A.discovered???B.tobediscovered??C.discovering??D.havingdiscovered

【解题思路】正确答案为A.考虑动作发生的时间与主句谓语动词动作发生的先后:认领的是在图书馆已发现的钱,只能用过去分词的形式,作定语。可直接排除其他选项。句意:到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆发现的钱。

三、固定的句型、短语和一些词的固定用法加强记忆,简称“固定用法固定记忆”。

1.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone_______forhelp?(2010湖南)

?????A.calling?????B.call?????????C.tocall????????D.called

【解题思路】正确答案为A.“固定用法固定记忆”。hearsb.doingsth.表示听到某人正在做某事,calling在句中是现在分词作宾补。此句的句意为:听!你听到有人在喊救命吗?

?2.Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant____.(2010四川)

A.todealwith??B.dealingwith???C.tobedealtwith??D.dealtwith

【解题思路】正确答案为A.固定句型:Sth+is+性质adj.+todo.在此句式中,todo用主动形式表示被动含义。又如:Thetreeiseasytoclimbandcomfortabletositin.

下面这些高考题,同学们可以尝试用以上的解题思路做一做:

1.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamoutssofexercise,if_______regularly,canimroveourhealth.(2010浙江)

??A.beingcarriedout????B.carryingout???C.carriedout????D.tocarryout

2.TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,______thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.??(2010江苏)

??A.enabling??????B.havingenabled?????C.toenable???????D.tohaveenabled

3.______fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.(2010陕西)

??A.Seen?????????B.Seening???????????C.Havingseen?????D.Toseen

4.Hisfirstbook_______nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.(2010陕西)

??A.published??????B.tobepublished?????C.topublish??????D.beingpublished

5.Agreatnumberofstudents_______saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.(2010四川)

??A.toquestion??????B.tobequestioned?????C.questioned?????D.questioning

6.Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,______suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.(2010福建)

??A.sending???????B.tosend?????C.havingsent??????D.tohavesent

7.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained______abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.(2010福建)

??A.sticking???????B.stuck????????C.tobestuck??????D.tohavestuck

8.Ihavealotofreadings______beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山东)

??A.completing?????B.tocomplete????C.completed??????D.beingcompleted

9._______atmyclassmate’sfaces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.(2010北京)

??A.Looking???????B.Look?????????C.Tolook???????D.Looked

10.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_______seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.(2010天津)

??A.caused????????B.havingcaused????C.causing?????D.tocause

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