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状语从句常见考点透析与解读 状语从句是每年高考单项填空部分必考的题目之一。考查的重点是考生容易混淆较近似的连词在逻辑行文和语篇结构中的使用。纵观近几年各省市高考题，从中可以看出命题者把着眼点放在了对条件状语、让步状语、时间状语和地点状语从句的考查，时而涉及目的状语从句、结果状语从句和原因状语从句。 下面选取近几年各省市的高考试题归纳分析，使考生通过典型实例，把握高考对状语从句的命题规律，帮助同学们更好地解答此类题目。 一、基本状语从句的考查 常见的状语从句有：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、原因状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句，共八种。考查最多的是时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句。 （一）条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if ,unless (=if …not如果不……，除非)，as/so long as, when (=considering that既然，考虑到)，while（=as long as只要），supposing that, provided that, in case（假使），on condition that (在……的条件下)等等。 【典型考例】 （1）I won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens. （2007全国卷1） A. unless B. whether C. because D. while 解析：句意是“除非有想不到的事情发生，否则我不会给你打电话”。故选答案A。 （2）______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. （2007全国卷2） 解析；句意是“要是John没有伤到腿，他就在比赛中获胜了”。故选答案A。 A. If B. Since C. Though D. When （3）You will be successful in the interview you have confidence. （2007福建卷） A. before B. once C. until D. though 解析：句意是“一旦你有了信心，在面试时你就会成功”。故选答案B。 （4）How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen? （2006山东卷） A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when 解析：in case万一，以防；even if即使；unless除非，如果不……；when既然，考虑到。句意是“既然你从不听，那么你怎么能期望学到东西呢 ”。故选答案D。 （二）时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的有： 从属连词：when，as，while，before，after，since，till/until，as soon as，once，……等。 名词短语：next time, every time, the moment, the minute等等。 考查重点：1、在语境中考查从属连词基本词义 【典型考例】 （5）—Where’s that report? （2007北京卷） —I brought it to you ____you were in Mr. Black’s office yesterday. A. if B. when C. because D. before 解析：句意是“当你昨天在Mr. Black办公室的时候我就把那报告给你了”。所给选项只有B项符合题意，故选B项。 2、before的用法： before引导时间状语从句含义颇多，既可以表示“还未来得及…就…”，也可以表示“在……之后……才；“在……之前就……”等含义。 【典型考例】 （6）—Why didn't you tell him about the meeting? ( 2006四川卷) — He rushed out of the room _________ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 解析：考例（6）句意是“你为什么没告诉他有关会议的事？我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出去了。”只有before符合句意，故正确答案为A项。 3、until的用法： until用于肯定句意思是“到……时候，在……之前”。指某一动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。主句谓语动词多为延续性动词或表示状态的动词。until用于否定句意思是“直到……才……。”表示直到此时才开始某个动作，谓语动词多为非延续性动词。 （7） It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ we’ve actually had that lesson. （2007天津卷） A. until B. after C. since D. when 解析：句意是“在亲身经历之前，我们很难去体味生活中的教训。”所给选项只有until符合句意，故正确答案为选项A。 在not…until…的句型结构中要对until部分进行强调时，要将not提前，与until一起置于被强调的部分。尽管强调的时间，但不可以用when。 （8） It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we had a lot in common. （2007浙江卷） A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that 解析：该题考查的是对“not…until…”句型构成强调句型。故正确答案为选项D。 4、几种特殊句型结构的区别： （1）It is/was + 时刻 + when从句“某事发生时是什么时候。” （2）It is/has been + 时间段 + since从句“自从……以来有多长时间了。” （3）It will/would be + 时间段 + before 从句“还要过多长时间……才……” （4）It will/would not be + 时间段 + before 从句“过不了多长时间……就会……” （5）It was + 时间段 + before从句“过了多长时间才……” （6）It was not + 时间段 + before从句“没过多长时间就……” 【典型考例】 （9）The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again.（2007安徽卷） A. after B. before C. since D. when （10）— Did Jack come back early last night? （2005福建） — Yes. It was not yet eight o’ clock________ he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until （11）It is almost five years we saw each other last time. （2005北京春） A. before B. since C. after D. when （12）It was some time ___________we realized the truth. （2005山东） A. when B. until C. since D. before 解析：考例（9）句意是“这项调查研究将要花Joan和Paul大约5个月的时间。要们还要一段时间才能再次见到他们。”所以该题考查的是句型：It will/would be + 时间段 + before 从句“还要过多长时间……才……”。考例（10）句意是“Jack昨晚回来早吗？是的，他到家时还不到8点”。考查的是句型：It is/was + 时刻 + when从句。考例（11）考查的是句型：It is/has been + 时间段 + since从句；考例（12）考查的是句型：It was + 时间段 + before从句。故正确答案为BBBD。 （三）让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although（尽管），even if/even though（即使），no matter how(what，when，which，who，where)，however(whatever，whenever，whichever，whoever，wherever)（无论……），as（尽管），while（虽然，尽管），in case（万一）等。 【典型考例】 （13） Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable. （2007浙江卷） A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 解析：as if 好像，引导方式状语从句；now that既然，引导原因状语从句；so that以便，引导目的或结果状语从句。句意是“即使很多人知道他的建议颇有价值，但他们仍对其建议置若罔闻”。故正确答案为选项C。 （14） ________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. (2007山东卷) A. As B. Since C. If D. While 解析：as因为，引导原因状语从句，since既然，引导原因状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；while当……时候，引导时间状语从句，也可以表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。句意是“尽管我不喜欢艺术，但我还是发现他的作品很感人。”故正确答案为选项D。 （15） ________ tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. （2007上海春招） A .However the weather is like B. However is the weather like C. Whatever is the weather like D. Whatever the weather is like 解析：句意是“无论明天天气怎样，我们的船都将起航去澳门”。however后常紧跟形容词或副词，whatever“无论什么”，修饰名词，或直接在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。故正确答案为选项D。 （16） __________he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. ( 2006全国Ⅰ) A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although 解析：句意是“尽管这位老工人科技知识有限，但他却经验丰富”。所给选项只有although可引导让步状语从句。故正确答案为选项D。 注意：（1)although与though可互换，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。（2)however引导让步状语从句时后紧跟形容词或副词。（3）while也可引导让步状语从句，这一点很容易被考生忽视。 （四）结果状语从句 结果状语从句的连词有：so that，so…that…，such…that….结果状语放在主句之后。常见句型结构有： (1) so + 形容词/副词+ that从句； (2) such a/an + 形容词+可数名词单数+that从句; (3) so + 形容词+ a/an + 可数名词单数+that从句； （4）such + 形容词+ 可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 【典型考例】 （17） Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language. （2007上海卷） A. as B. that C. which D. where 解析：句意是“流行音乐是社会的一个重要组成部分以至影响到了我们的语言”。考查的是句型：such a/an + 形容词+可数名词单数+that从句。故正确答案为B。 注意：在so…that，such…that结构中一般成分齐全。这也是与as引导定语从句的区别。在so…as，such…as这一结构中，as引导定语从句，在句中做成分。 （五）目的状语从句 目的状语从句连词有：in case“以免，以防万一” ，in order that“为了……，以便……”。so that引导状语从句只能置于主句之后。in order that引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后。目的状语从句的谓语常含有can，could，may，might，would等情态动词。这也是与结果状语从句的一个区别。 【典型考例】 （18） Leave your key with a neighbor _____ you lock yourself out one day（2007北京卷） A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case 解析：ever since 从那时到现在，引导时间状语从句；even if即使，引导让步状语从句；soon after不久之后，引导时间状语从句；in case 以防，以免，引导目的状语从句。题意是“留一把钥匙在邻居那儿，以防有一天你被关在门外”。故正确答案为D项。 （19）I’d like to arrive 20 minutes early _________ I can have time for a cup of tea. （2005北京） A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 解析：as soon as一……就……，引导时间状语从句；as a result结果，常用作插入语；in case以免，以防万一，引导目的状语从句；so that以便，引导目的状语从句。题意是“我喜欢提前20分钟到，以便我有时间喝一杯茶”。故正确答案为选项D。 （六）地点状语从句 地点状语从句由where，anywhere, wherever引导。where指“在某个地方”，wherever指“无论哪里，在任何一个地方”。 【典型考例】 （20）In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help________ there is human suffering. （2006江西卷） A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever 解析：题意是“……红十字会也被期望把帮助送到人类受难的地方”,故正确答案为D. （21）If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. ( 2006天津卷) A. in which B. what C. when D. where 解析：题意是“如果你到一个不适合自己的风俗的地方，那么就要入乡随俗”。A项容易错认为是定语从句，它前面缺先行词，故不成立，正确答案为选项D。 注意：使用时，一要注意两者的含义区别；二要注意状语从句和定语从句的区别；三要注意在状语从句中不可使用介词+which引导。四要注意what在名词从句中表“地点”。出题者既考状语从句又考定语从句和状语从句的区别。还加入名词性从句这一干扰项。 （七）原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，since，when(既然),now that（既然），seeing that(因为), considering that等。 注意：for表示的原因并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只是提供一些有利于说明情况的补充说明。且不可位于主句前。 【典型考例】 （22）Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasured. （2006广东卷） A. as B. if C. when D. where 解析：题意是“Jenny丢失了她在加拿大拍得照片非常难过，因为那是她特别珍惜的一段回忆。”所给选项只有A项符合题意，故正确答案为A项。 (23) How can you expect to learn anything ________ you never listen? （2006山东卷） A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when 解析：in case万一；even if即使；unless除非，如果不；when既然。题意是“既然你从未听，你怎想学到东西呢”。故正确答案为选项D。 二、状语从句中的省略 1、在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，且含有be动词时，可以将从句主语和be动词省略。 【典型考例】 (24) We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. （2007全国卷1） A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 解析：该题宾语从句中又含有一if引导的条件状语从句，条件状语从句中的主语和后面的句子主语一致，且含有be动词is，所以可以省略从句的主语和be动词，正确答案为选项B。 2、在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，如果从句含有助动词had, should或were时，可以省略连词if，而将这些助动词置于主语前。 （25）__________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. （2006湖北卷） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 三、状语从句中时态的考查 当主句是一般将来时，时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来。 【典型考例】 (26) —What would you do if it tomorrow ? （2005全国卷Ⅰ） —We have to carry it on , since we’ve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 解析：if引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来，故正确答案为选项B。 注意：当连词引导的不是状语从句，而是宾语从句时，从句谓语动词根据主语时态可以用一般将来时或其他时态。 【典型考例】 (27) I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he home for dinner. ( 2006辽宁卷) A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come 解析：if引导的是宾语从句，而非条件状语从句，从主句时态可判断宾语从句要用一般将来时。故正确答案为选项D。 四、状语从句中的倒装 1、no sooner …than…(刚……就……),hardly…when…（刚……就……）引导时间状语从句，no sooner, hardly位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序，且主句常用过去完成时。 【典型考例】 （28）－Did Linda see the traffic accident? ( 2006天津卷) －No, no sooner than it happened. A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone 解析：题意是“Linda目睹了那场交通事故吗？不，她刚离开就发生了。”no sooner置于句首时，要用倒装语序，且时态常用过去完成时，故正确答案为选项A。 2、as，though引导让步状语从句，常将作表语的形容词、名词或动词置于句首。即使是单数名词作表语，置于句首时，前面也不需要不定冠词修饰。 【典型考例】 （29）_________,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. （2007重庆卷） A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 解析：as引导的让步状语从句，常将作表语的形容词置于句首，故正确答案为选项D。 3、so…that…，such…that…引导的结果状语从句中，如果将so+形容词，such+名词置于句首时，前部分用部分倒装语序。 【典型考例】 （30） that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. （2007陕西卷） A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business 解析：题意是“Maric的事业如此成功以至于她又在其他地方开办分支结构。”“so+形容词”置于句首时，主句部分要用部分倒装语序，故正确答案为选项B。 五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 1、if引导的非真实条件句中，如果表达与过去事实相反的情况，则要用虚拟语气。从句谓语动词结构为：would have done, if从句谓语动词则用过去完成时。 【典型考例】 (31) What would have happened__________, as far as the river bank? (2001上海) A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther 解析：从主句谓语动词结构可以看出该题是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句谓语动词应用过去完成时。省略连词if后要将助动词had置于主语前。故正确答案为选项C。 2、在as if引导的方式状语从句中，如果表达的是真实情况，则用陈述语气；如表达的是一种假设或无法实现的某种情况，则用虚拟语气。 (32) Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ______ yesterday. （2006北京） A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 解析：题意是“Eliza很清楚地记得每一件事，就像昨天发生的一样。”句子表达的是与现在情况相反的情况，故从句要用一般过去时。故正确答案为选项D。 【巩固练习】 1. __________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to A. so curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. So curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day. ） A. watered B. watering B. water D. to water 3. When_______ help, one often says “ Thank you. ” or “ It ’ s kind of you. ” A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 4. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house ____there is a power cut. A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that 5. His plan was such a good one _________we all agreed to accept it. A. so B. and C. that D. as 6. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ________ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. A. why B. how C. unless D. where 7. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully. A. though B. before C. until D. if 8. ____ there is a snowstorm or some other bad weather, the mail always comes on time. A. Because B. If C. When D. Unless 9. _______ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem (生态系统) to recover. A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once 10 —How long do you think it will be ______China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? —Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before 11. In time of serious accidents，________ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. until C. if D. unless A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When 13. "You can't have this football back you promise not to kick it at my cat again," the old man said firmly. A. because B. since C. when D. until 14. This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, __________. A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost 15. We don’t keep winning games _______ we keep playing well. A. because B. unless C. when D. while 16. —Mom, what did the doctor say? —He advised mo to live______ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 17. —Why didn't you tell him about the meeting? — He rushed out of the room _________ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 18. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday． A. if B. when C. that D. which 19. _________ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious. A. As B. Once C. If D. Although 20. I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’ s __________ I have to wait. A. In case B. so that C. in order D. as if 21. You can eat food free in my restaurant __________you like. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 22. __________ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 23. The house could fall down soon if no one______ some quick repair work. A. has done B. is doing C. does D. had done 24. _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. A. While B. Since C. As D. If 25. Scientists say it may be five or six years_________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when Keys: 1～5BADCC 6～10 CDDDD 11～15 CADCB 16～20ABD 21～25 AACAC 状语从句考点 ◆精编陷阱题训练◆ 1. Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. while 4 You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway. A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless 5. “Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes. He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.” A. after B. unless C. until D. when 6. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever 7. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them. A. where B. in which C. at D. for them 8. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. A. Wherever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever 9. Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said. A. while B. as soon as C. suddenly D. then 10. ________ her faults, she’s A. Whatever B. What C. Whichever D. Whenever 11. ____ you’re got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as 12. I thought she was the very girl that I should marry _______ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 13. Don’t play by the river _______ you fall in and drown! A. in case B. so that C. in order that D. when 14. Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when 15. He is better than _______ I last visited him. A. when B. that C. how D. which 16. _______ the punishment was unjust, he accepted it without complaint. A. So long as B. Even though C. Since D. While 17. ________ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them. A. While B. As C. Since D. Because 18. _______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 19. _______ rich one may be there is always something one wants. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. However D. Wherever 20. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. A. which B. when C. so that D. as if 21. Mr Zhang is mild in character. He never shouts ____ he is very angry. A. if B. even C. though D. even when 22. “How long do you suppose it is _______ he left for A. when B. before C. after D. since 23. In some countries, _______ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state. A. that B. which C. as D. what 【答案与解析】 1. 选 D。when 意为“在(当)……时候”。其余三项填入空格处，句意不通。 2. 选 D。until 意为“直到”，句意为“一位优秀的故事讲述者必须能够让听众在故事结束前一直保持好奇心”。 3. 选 C。as long as 意为“只要”，全句意为“只要我知道这钱是安全的，我就不会担心了”。类似地，下面一题也选 as long as： “What are you going to do this afternoon?’ “I’ll probably go for a walk later on ____ it stays fine.” A. as far as B. as long as C. even if D. as if 4. 选 D。unless 意为“如果不”、“除非”，用以引导一个条件状语从句。 5. 选 C。考查 not…until… 句式，其意为“直到……才……”。 6. 选B。whatever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter what。注意不能选A，因为 suggest 是及物动词，它应带自己的宾语，而 however 不能用作宾语。 7. 选A。where 指“在……的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。 8. 选A，wherever 意为“无论什么地方”。 9. 选 B。根据语境可推知。如下面一题也选as soon as： _______ he became rich he cast aside all his old friends who gave him some help. A. While B. As soon as C. Suddenly D. Then 10. 选A。whatever her faults 为让步状语从句，句末省略了谓语动词 are。 11. 选 A。now that 为连词，用以引导原因状语从句，其意为“既然”，与since 同义。其中的 might as well意为“不妨”。全句意为“既然你得到一个机会，你不妨充分利用它”。 12. 选C。the first time 在此用作连词，用以引导状语从句。句意为“我第一次见到她就认为她很诚实”。 13. 选C。in case 意为“以防”。 14. 选 D。when 不表示“当……的时候”，而表示“既然”，相当于 since，用以引导原因状语从句。全句意为：你既然已经有了这么好的工作，干吗还要找新的工作呢? 请再两例： I can’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。 Why use wood when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料，为什么还要用木料? 15. 选A。than 后省略了 he was，假若补充完整，全句即为 He is better than he was when I last visited him。 16. 选 B。比较四个选项：so long as(只要)，even though(即使)，since(自从，既然)，while(当……时候)，其中只有B的意思最合适，全句意为“即使处罚不公平，他毫无怨言地接受”。 17. 选A。while 在此不表示“当……的时候”，而表示“尽管”。 18. 选B。as far as 意为“尽，就，至于”，常用于 as far as I know(据我所知)，as far as one can see(在某人看来)，as far as one can(某人尽力)，as far as sth / sb is concerned(就某事 / 某人来说)等结构。 19. 选C。however 在此引导让步状语从句，意义上相当于 now matter how。 20. 选 C。so that 引导目的状语从句，其意为“为了”。 21. 选 D。根据句子语境，选 B 或 D 较适合，但 even 是副词，不是连词，不能引导状语从句，故选 D。 22. 选 D。问句的基本结构是“It is +时间段+since 从句”，其原句型是 I suppose it is no more than half a month since he left for Japan. 假若对此句中的 no more than half a month 提问，则可得到提问句。 23. 选 D。what 引导的是主语从句，其中的 what 相当于 the schools that。 |
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