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第六章 助动词与情态助动词 第一节 基本知识与基本概念 【助动词】 英语动词按其构成动词词组的作用可以分为主动词和助动词两大类。 助动词有可以分为基本助动词和情态助动词两类。 基本助动词有三个：do, have, be。基本助动词本身没有词义，它们的作用是协助主动词构成否定形式或疑问形式，构成进行体、完成体或被动态以及其他修辞功能。例如： 构成否定式 We aren’t children any longer. He hasn’t finished his work. 构成疑问式 Is the boy Tom’s cousin? Have you met my new girlfriend? 构成进行体 All the students are busy preparing for their college entrance examinations. 构成完成体 It has been raining for a month and everything is wet. 构成被动态 The melon was divided into ten parts so that everyone can enjoy a little. 修辞功能 They did come to my office yesterday. (表示强调语气) 情态助动词与基本助动词的最主要区别之一是,基本助动词没有词汇意义,而情态助动词则有自己的词汇意义,能表示说话人对所说话语的态度和看法,或表示主观设想及其他情态意义。 【情态助动词的词法和句法特征】 一、 后面只接动词原形，即不带to的动词不定式。（ought to、used to可以被看作是固定词组）； 在限定动词词组中总是位居第一，例如：I may had made some mistakes. 二、没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、ing分词或ed分词等形式。 三、第三人称单数现在时没有词形变化，即没有-s形式。 四、He can have been writing that book. 五、“时态”并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时形式和过去时形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。 六、彼此之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能有一个情态动词。 *He may can do the job without your help. He may be able to do the job without your help. 【哪些词是情态助动词？】 一般说来，英语中的情态助动词有９个，它们是：may, can, must, ought to, will, shall, need, dare, used to。 其中，有些情态助动词有过去式形式，如can(could), may(might), will(would), shall(should),等。有的就没有，如must。Needed和dared很少被用作情态助动词，更多的被用作实意动词。 【高考怎么考查情态助动词？】 情态助动词考点在全国各地高考试题中都很被重视，复现率１００％。基本的考查思路是通过某特定的语境，考查考生对９个情态助动词共性或个性的掌握。近几年，情态助动词的个性，即独有的特殊情态大受青睐。出现了不少考题。例如： （２００６年山东卷）--- May I smoke here ? --- If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must 答案：D。 解析：这是一个典型的考查情态助动词的考题。并且，考查的就在于must的个性。有关must能表示的情态，考生多能掌握如：表示“强制”和“非常肯定的推测”等。但对本题考查的这个点就未必知晓。这里的must专门用于某些以you为主语的疑问句或if-分句中，表示某种感情色彩，如说话人对听话人的某些做法的反感等。例如： Must you make that dreadful noise? (你就不能安静些吗？烦死人了。) If you must smoke, use an ashtray. (你如果一定要抽烟的话，也得用个烟灰缸。你看，弄得到处是烟灰。) 从上面的典型例题可以看出，解决情态助动词的考题，我们有两个坎要迈过去，一、准 确地翻译。没有准确的或基本准确的翻译，我们就无法了解说话人想表达的情态。就没 有把法作题。二、准确的记忆。英语中只有9个基本情态动词。而他们不得不被用来表示人们复杂的情感或态度，这样就注定了是每一个情态助动词都是一词多义，一词多情。因此，我们需要对９个情态助动词分别能表示的情态类别了如指掌，不能有任何纰漏。只有这样，我们才能立于不败之地。 同学们的翻译能力需要平时的努力练习才能提高，所以，本书有重点地向大家介绍几个情态助动词的具体情态意义和使用环境。 【may的意义和用法】 1． 表示许可，包括：a. 说话人给予的许可； b. （正式文体）普遍的许可； c. 在疑问句或if分句中，表示不是说话人给予的许可，而是征询听话人的许可。例如： a. You may smoke in this room. ( You are permitted to ….) You may come if you wish. You may not go. ( You are not permitted to …) b. Visitors may ascend（登上） the tower for 6 pence. Borrowers may not take out of the library more than two books at a time. c. --- May I use your car for a few days? --- No, you may not. May I smoke in the room? If I may say so, your work needs revision. ( If you allow me to say so,… ) If I may ask, how much money can you make in a year. “May I …” 征询对方许可在语体上比较正式。在语气上比较客气。在日常会话中，用 “Can I …”征询对方许可在现代英语中更为常见。 2． 表示可能 (这时的may一般不用语疑问句，在疑问句中常用can 表示)。 a. 通常用于陈述句，例如： It may rain tomorrow. You may lose your way if you don’t take a map. The news may or may not be true. b. may + 不定式的进行体，例如： He may be working in his study. c. may + 不定式的完成体或完成进行体，(当时大概做了…)。例如： He may have been there. I may have misunderstood you. They may have been discussing the problem the whole day. 3． 表示祝福或诅咒。 例如： May God bless you! May you rest in peace! May you enjoy many years of health and happiness. May his evil designs perish! (让他的阴谋诡计见鬼去吧！) 4． 表示让步。 例如： He may be only a new comer, but he works as efficiently as any one of us. He may be clever, but you can’t expect him to know everything. 【can的意义和用法】 1． 表示能力 a. 通常指由体力、知识、技能、等所产生的能力。例如： Baby Tom can walk now. Can you lift this box? Mary Blake can speak five languages. Can you skate? b. 表示由于客观原因而形成的能力。例如： There being no car available, we can go there by bus instead. I can come to your party, but c. 表示含有“愿意”的能力。 例如： Can you pass me the salt? I can do that for you. d. 与表示感觉或心理状态的动词连用时，往往失去情态意义。例如： I can see the top of the tower. I can’t understand why he was so irritated. (I don’t understand …) 2. 表示许可 例如： You can smoke in this room. --- Can I go for a swim this afternoon? --- No, you can’t. You cannot play football in the school yard. ( You are forbidden…) You can forget about your holiday. (含有“劝告”的意义) 3． 表示可能，用来推测某事物的可能性 a. 可用于肯定或否定的陈述句和疑问句，但更频繁地用于否定句和疑问句，例如： Lightening can be dangerous. 闪电有时候会很危险。 We’ve got a map, we can’t lose our way. Can the news be true? What can have happened to him? He can sometimes be very nasty. Practicing Wushu without a coach can be dangerous. The World Wide Web is jokingly called World Wide Wait because it can be very slow. b. 表示“可能”还常常用来表示“建议”某人做某事。例如： We can do that tomorrow. You can spend several hours in the bookshop. c. 当主语为第二、第三人称时，can（表示可能）还可以表示一种比较亲密、随便祈使语气。例如： William, you can stay here, and Lucy, you can come on now. d. can 表示“可能”在否定句、疑问句、感叹句中还可以表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等含义。例如： This can’t be true. Can this be all of your excuse for your being late again? How can you be so rude to your daughter in public! e. can 表示“可能”在特殊疑问句中要重读，并带有迷惑不解或不耐烦等含义。例如： What ‘can he mean? Where ‘can he have gone to? How ‘can you raise such a foolish question? 【must的意义和用法】 1． 表示必须 a. 表示说话人的主观意志，或要求对方必须做某事，例如： You must arrive here by ten. In You mustn’t talk like that. They mustn’t stay here any longer. b. 在某些以you为主语的疑问句或if-分句中，还可以表示某种感情色彩，如表示说话人对听话人的某种做法的反感等。例如： Must you make so much noise? If you must smoke, smoke in the toilet. --- Who is the girl standing by the door? --- If you must know, Her name is Jane Kerry. 2． 表示必然 表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事情。例如： All men must die. (All men will certainly die.) Bad seeds must bring bad crops. Careless driving must cause accidents. 注意：must的这一用法一般不用于否定句或疑问句。 3． 表示推测 指说话人看来一定是、必然是。 a. 一般也只用于肯定陈述句，例如： It must be very late because the streets are empty. There must be a mistake. He must be enjoying himself. You must be feeling very tire. Whenever I tell my daughter to do something, she must do the opposite. b. 推测过去时间发生的事态，就用must + 不定式的完成体或完成进行体，例如： You must have met my brother in the tea party last night. Why isn’t he here? He must have missed the train. You must have left your computer in the taxi. c. 当must 用于推测意义时，其否定形式通常不是mustn’t， 而是can’t， 例如： You can’t be very hungry. It’s only 9 o’clock. --- The six of us went to --- Your journey can’t have been very comfortable. It can’t be my father, because he doesn’t know I am here. That man can’t be Lucy’s husband because he doesn’t wear glasses. 【ought to的意义和用法】 a. 表示应该 这里ought to的语气明显不如must(必须)弱。说话人对所说的应该做的事情是否真会实现缺乏充分的信心。例如： You ought to leave early tomorrow. ( 试比较：You must leave early tomorrow.) You ought to be practicing your piano now. 从上面的例句，我们可以看出，must表示应该做某事时，说话人有一种信心，认为一定会这样做。而ought to更像一种建议。 b. ought to＋不定式的完成体，表示过去应该做某事而实际未做，有批评之意。例如： You ought to have helped him. (But you didn’t.) He ought to have been more careful. ( He was not careful enough.) You oughtn’t to have scolded the boy. (It was not his fault.) c. ought to 和should可以互换使用，只有语气上的微弱差别。例如： Ought I to go? = Should I go? (前句听起来很不自然) My son ought to go to school, oughtn’t he/shouldn’t he? d. 表示推测： Mary Black ought to be home by now. This is where the gold ought to be. 比较语气： You can’t have any difficulty getting the tickets. You oughtn’t to have any difficulty getting the tickets. 从上面的例句，我们可以看出，ought to在表示推测时的语气，无论是肯定形式还 是否定形式，都比must或其否定式can’t弱。 【will的意义和用法】 1． 表示愿意， 例如： I will marry you if you can make three promises to me. All of us will help you out of trouble. Will you have some tea? Who will go with me? Will 2． 表示意图， 例如： I will write to her tomorrow. Why will you go there? I’ll have a beer. I don’t care for whisky. We won’t stay longer than a week. 3． 表示坚持，（WILL在这一用法中必须重读，而且不能缩略为‘ll. 例如： I `will (= am determined to) do as I like. I `will take the job and no one is going to stop me. Will 的这个用法并不是很常见。如果用于第二、第三人称则带有说话人对某人的顽固态度颇为生气的含义。例如： He won’t do what he is told. (He insists on not doing what he is told.) If you will go, you may go at once. My daughter will do whatever he prefers to do. 4． 表示预见 a. 表示对某种必然进程的揣想。例如： I think she will be all right now. (我想她现在一定好了。) By now he will be eating dinner. （现在他一定是在吃饭。） That will be the milkman. (一定是送牛奶的来了。) b. 表示某种不受时限的必然会发生的情况。例如： Oil will float on water. Pigs will eat anything that comes to their mouths. d. 表示某种习惯。例如： A lion will attack a man only when hungry. Before any major examination, he will stay in the library for days and nights. The old woman will sit in front of her house for hours, waiting for her son to come back home from the front. 【shall的意义和用法】 1． 表示愿意，一般用于第二、第三人称的主语，表示说话人的愿意；在疑问句中是征询听话人是否愿意。例如： You say you will not do it, but I say you shall do it. Shall my daughter do your shopping for you? Shall the young man have another try? Shall you take a holiday in August? 2． 表示意图，一般只用于第一人称主语，和will可以互换，在疑问句中是征询听话人的意见或意图。例如： I shall/will write to her tomorrow. I shan’t /won’t go if it rains. Shall I carry your suitcase? (Do you want me to carry your suitcase?) Shall we have dinner together. 3． 表示坚持，只用于第二、第三人称主语，重读，表示说话人强烈的意志和决心(命令、承诺、威胁)，例如： You shall obey my orders. You shall marry him. No one shall stop me. If you tried to kill anyone, you shall be punished. The interest shall be divided between the five brothers. 【should的意义和用法】 一般情况下，情态助动词的原形和其过去式之间的意义和用法基本相同。差别主要在时间和语气上。但在实际的考试中，shall和它的过去式形式should之间有着较大的区别。因此，本书将should也作为一个独立的情态助动词来讲解。 以下是should不同于shall的意义和用法。 a. 表示“应当”； b. 表示“揣想和推测”； c. 用在that引起的从句中，表示惊讶、遗憾、放心等情绪； d. 用在表示情绪的问句中。（这类问句常不需回答）； e. 用在that引起的从句中，表示规定或要求做的事情，（有时可以和shall换用）； f. 用于目的状语从句中，表示“…竟会…”，用should 表示强烈的情绪； g. 表示一种多余的担心，“万一”。 例句： a. One should not tell lies. You should be more careful. This should be done by John. b. You should be able to recognize her handwriting. You should be happy, for this is your wedding day. You shouldn’t have any misunderstanding on the rules now. c. It is natural (or funny, hard, astonishing, surprising, strange) that John should get married again. It is a pity that he should have lost all his money. I am glad that everything should have been ready. There is no reason why he should fail. d. Why should I fear? (There is no reason why I should fear.) You would not be so silly, should you? --- What is the matter? --- What should be the matter? It is trifling(not important). Should we let her cry. (We should not let her cry.) e. The sentence（判决） is that he (should) be hanged. The rule of the school is that every student (should) wear uniform on Monday. The old man’s wish was that the millions of dollars he had should go to his adopted son, instead of his own children. f. What have I done that you should be so angry? What a beast he is, that he should have treated her so. How foolish I am, that I should believe in him! g. If you should change your mind tomorrow, do let me know. What can we do if it should rain tomorrow? 第二节 具体考点解析 从本章的第一节的学习过程中，我们或许能感到情态助动词的相关知识浩如烟海，千头万绪。我们必须从这些知识点中筛选出重要的、常见的考点，才能更加高效率地学习。 【考点一、表示推测的情态助动词的区别问题】 能表示推测含义的情态动词有may, might, can, could , must, should, ought to. 使用中应注意： a. 从语气上讲，may, can, must 语气从弱到强，另might, could除了分别表示may, can 的过去式外，从语气上也分别弱于may, can。 b. 从句式上讲，may一般不用于疑问句，can一般不用于肯定句（could有时可用于肯定句，表示对某事把握不大），must 只用于肯定句。如： A: Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? B: It may be our headmaster. A: It can’t be him. He has gone to B: So, it must be Mr. Zhang. He looks quite like our headmaster. c. should/ ought to 可表示按某种约定、义务或其他前提情况判断“该…了”。 如： It’s seven o’clock. He should come here at any moment. If she started the work at 8, she should (ought to) have finished it by now. ２．情态动词表示推测的含义，其反意疑问句部分应将猜测成分去掉，用动词原来的形式。如： They must be waiting for us at the gate now, aren’t they? It must have rained last night, didn’t it? You must have learned ten lessons by now, haven’t you? 【考点二、情态助动词＋完成体的区别问题】 这是一个较为常见的考点，一般题目会设计两层。一、考查学生是否知道该题是一般体还是完成体的问题；二、考查不同的情态助动词＋完成体的区别问题。例如： (２００５年福建卷)--- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. --- Thanks. You ______it, I could manage it myself. A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done 答案：Ｂ。 解析：这个题目首先想考查的是A,C和B,D的区别问题。考生必须能够看出说话人说的“已经做过的事情”，所以应该加完成体。Ｂ的意思是“本来没有必要做，但是做了”；Ｄ的意思是“本来不应该做但是做了”，有批评、谴责之意。根据，语境，我们选择Ｂ。 对我们来说，清晰、准确地记住每一个情态助动词＋完成体所表示的意义就是燃眉之急了。本书简明罗列如下： may/might have done 当时可能会做… must have done 当时肯定做了… can’t/couldn’t have done 当时不可能／没有能力做… could have done 本来有能力／有可能做但是没有做… should have done 本来应该做但是没有做… shouldn’t have done 本来不应该做但是做了… needn’t have done 本来没有必要做，但是做了… 注意：有几个情态助动词＋完成体表示的当时与要求或推测相反的意义。如：could have done表示的就是事实上并没有做。所以，当我们还不能肯定是否做过的时候，即便是对过去的推测，也不能加完成体。例如： Many scientists hold the opinion that Mars ______ life millions of years ago. A. could support B. could have supported C. should support D. should have supported 答案：Ａ。 解析：这个题如果选Ｂ的话，表示的是“火星本来可以有生命但是没有”。但事实上，我们的科学家们就这个问题还没有定论。所以，选Ａ。 【考点三、几个重要的个性】 本章在前文曾说过，某些情态助动词的个性，即非我莫属的独有情态，经常成为考查的对象。所以，我们有必要再强调一次这Top Ten“个性”的情态。 个性一、may表示“让步”和“祝福”的用法； 个性二、can表示由于客观原因而形成的能力的用法； 个性三、can’t作为must（推测）的否定形式的用法； 个性四、can在肯定陈述中表示逻辑事实推理的用法； 个性五、must在某些以you为主语的疑问句或if-分句中，还可以表示某种感情色彩，如表示说话人对听话人的某种做法的反感等的用法； 个性六、will表示“愿意”或“意志”的用法； 个性七、will表示“习惯”的用法； 个性八、shall在疑问句中是征询听话人的意愿或意图的用法； 个性九、shall表示坚持，用于第二、第三人称主语，重读，表示说话人强烈的意志和决心(命令、承诺、威胁)的用法； 个性十、should的各种用法，尤其是表示一种多余的担心，“万一”的用法。 以上的Top Ten“个性”情态，无疑都是考试的热点和难点，如果有必要，我们就必须 回到本章的第一节，重温它们的每一个细节。 第三节 巩固练习 一、【夯实基础】 1. Sorry, I’m late. I _______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 2. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _____ so happy! A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt 3. You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, _______? A. had you B. hadn’t you C. did you D. didn’t you 4. I should have been there, but I _______ not find the time. A. would B. could C. might D. should 5. --- Will you stay for lunch? --- Sorry, ______. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t 6. --- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. --- They _______ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need 7. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 8. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife; you ______ hurt yourself. A. won’t; can B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; should 9. --- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. --- It ________ a comfortable journey. A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been 10. It’s nearly seven o’clock; Jack ______ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can 11. --- Shall I tell John about it? --- No, you _____. I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 12. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 13. --- Could I borrow your dictionary? --- Yes, of course you _______. A. might B. will C. can D. should 14. A computer ______ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not 15. I didn’t hear the phone. I ______ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 16. --- Are you coming to Jeff’s party? --- I’m not sure. I ______ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 17. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 18. I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ______ I have a look? A. Do B. May C. Will D. Should 19. --- Is John coming by train? --- He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 20. --- The room is so dirty. ________ we clean it? --- Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 21. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will 22. It has been announced that candidates _____ remain in their seats until all the papers havebeen collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall 23. --- I heard they went skating in the mountains last winter. --- It _____ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be 24. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat 25. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _____ go and do the opposite! A. may B. can C. must D. should 26. How _____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may 27. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _____ not like the design of the furniture. A. must B. shall C. may D. need 28. --- Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? --- No, it _____ be him--- I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not 29. --- Who is the girl standing over there? --- Well, if you _____ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 30. Children under 12 years of age in that country _____ be under adult supervision when in a public library. A. must B. may C. can D. need 31. “The interest _____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 32. --- I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. --- You _____ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 33. I ______ pay A. should B. might C. would D. could 34. --- I don’t mind telling you what I know. --- You _______. I’m not asking you for it. A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t 35. --- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. --- You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 36. --- Excuse me. Is this the right way to the --- Sorry, I am not sure. But it ______ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 37. --- Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. ______ I go out and play with Tom for a while? --- No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May not C. Won’t 38. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____ report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can 39. Mr. White ______ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 40. You ______ be tired--- you’ve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not 二、【真题实战2005】 1. Tom, you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! (全国I) A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not 2. John, look at the time. ______ you play the piano at such a late hour? (全国II) A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 3. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t (北京卷) 4. There ______ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. (上海卷) A. mustn’t be B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 5. There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ______? A. wasn’t there B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it (同上) 6. They have a good knowledge of English but little _____ they know about German. (天津卷) A. have B. did C. had D. do 7. I _______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. (同上) A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 8. --- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. --- Thanks. You ______it, I could manage it myself. (福建卷) A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done 9. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour. (重庆卷) A. should have been going B. must have been going C. could have done D. would have done 10. --- Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary. --- She _____. I’ve already borrowed one. (湖南卷) A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 11. --- Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. --- Well. He _____ have gone far--- his coat is still here. (湖北卷) A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 12. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _____ be very slow. (浙江卷) A. should B. must C. will D. can 13. This cake is very sweet. You ______ a lot of sugar in it. (辽宁卷) A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put 14. --- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? --- Something _____ to him. (江西卷) A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 15. Helen _____ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. (安徽卷) A. shall B. must C. may D. can 16. --- I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. --- It _____ Harry’s. He always wears green. (广东卷) A. could be B. will be C. mustn’t be C. has to be 17. --- The woman biologist stayed in --- Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties! (江苏卷) A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through 18. He never said that he was good at mathematics, ________? (北京卷) A. was he B. wasn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he 19. I have lost one of my gloves. I ______ it somewhere. (同上) A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped 20. He paid for a seat, when he _____ have entered free. (山东卷) A. could B. would C. must D. need 21. If I _____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 三、【真题实战2006】 1. ―What’s the name? ―Khulaifi. I spell that for you ? (北京卷) A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 2. If it were not for the fact that she ____sing, I would invite her to the party. （福建卷） A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not 3. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _______? （福建卷） 4. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ____put forward are turned down.（福建卷） A. could B. would C.不填 D. had 5. --- Must he come to sign this paper himself? ---Yes, he . (广东卷) A. need B. must C. may D. will 6. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（ 湖北卷） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 7. Some aspects of a pilot’s job ___ be boring, and pilots often ____ work at inconvenient hours. (湖南卷) A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (江西卷) A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken 9. As you worked late yesterday, you___ have come this morning.（陕西卷） A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 10. ---Is Jack on duty today? 11. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.（天津卷） A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 12 --- Could I have a word with you, mum?（浙江卷） --- Oh dear, if you ________. A. can B. must C. may D. should 13 --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring. --- You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.（江苏卷） A. will B. may C. have to D. should 14. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ?（全国2卷） A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we 15. We hope that as many people as possible join us for the picnic tomorrow. （全国2卷） A. need B. must C. should D. can 16.There’s no light on---they be at home. （全国1卷） A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 17. --- May I smoke here ?（山东卷） --- If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must 四、【真题实战2007】 1. ---How’s your tour around the ---It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 2. --- She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. （江苏卷） --- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 3.My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where I have put it? （福建卷） A.can B.must C.should D.would 4.—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. —You it in the wrong place. （江西卷） A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put 5. .I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. （陕西卷） A.could B.must C.might D.should 6. --- My cat’s really fat. --- You ______ have given her so much food. （浙江卷） A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 7. In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you___ take care of your luggage. （北京卷） A. can B. may C. must D. will 8. 一What does the sign over there read? 一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”(四川卷) A．will B．may C．shall D. must 9. —What do you think we can do for our aged parents? —You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. （重庆卷） A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t 10. The teacher __ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose. (安徽卷) A. should B. can C. would D. must 11.In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________.(安徽卷) A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be 12. The biggest problem for most plants, which ________ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (湖南卷) A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 13. ---Turn off the TV, Jack. ____ your homework now? ---Mum, just ten more minutes, please. (辽宁卷) A.Should you be doing B. Shouldn't you be doing C. Couldn't you be doing D. Will you be doing 14. --- Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. --- Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. must B. should C. must have D. should have 参考答案： 一、【夯实基础】 1-5 ADDBB 6-10 BDBDC 11-15 ABCAB 16-20 DBBDB 21-25 BDCCC 26-30 ACACA 31-35 DDADA 36-40 AAAAC 二、【真题实战2005】 1-5 BABCA 6-10 DBBBC 11-15 CDDDC 16-20 ADCBA 21.B 三、【真题实战2006】 1-5 ACBCB 6-10 BACDC 11-15 BBDCD 16-17 AD 四、【真题实战2007】 1-5 CCADD 6-10 CCCAD 11-14 DBBC 高考情态动词专题讲解 (2012-05-07 11:27:35) 一、综述 时态往往和语态在出题方面结合比较紧密，而情态动词和虚拟语气也有类似之处。情态动词有一定到意义，但不能独立作谓语，往往和后面到动词原形一起构成谓语部分，在不同到语境中表达不同到情感和语气，从而突出语言在交流中到作用和魅力。 情态动词在高考中所占的比分也比较大，往往出现在单选，完形以及改错题中，情态动词是每年高考必出到考点之一。所以，我们需要很好到掌握这方面到语法常识。学习中，我们就结合历年的高考趋势和方向来学习和掌握情态动词在英语中到应用。 二、分类 一）can, can’t, could, couldn’t; be able to 二）should, shouldn’t; must, mustn’t; have to, don’t have to; ought to, ought not to 三）need（也可作实意动词）, needn’t; dare(也可作实意动词); shall（也可作助动词）; will（也可作助动词）, would 四） must / may / might / could + have + done 表示“本-----而实际上没有”。 三、高考试题引入： 1. —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. —Well，he have gone far—his coat’s still here. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 答案 C 2. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would 答案 A 3. —She looks very happy. She have passed the exam. —I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 答案 C 4. — May I smoke here? — If you ，choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must 答案 D解析 由本题语境可知，空白处应表示“非得……”之意，故须用must。 5. Helen go on the trip with us，but she isn’t quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 答案 C 6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _______ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 四、情态动词详细归纳： 一）can、could与be able to 1. 表示能力 e.g. 我们当中的大部分人都会电脑，但是去年我还不会用。 Most of us can use the computer now, but I couldn’t use it last year. e.g. 他没能爬上山顶。 He was not able to climb up on the top of the mountain. e.g. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2. 表示客观的可能性 e.g. 有时候焦作的气温可能会交到零下10度。 Sometimes the temperature in e.g. 焦作有时容易刮风，尤其在春季。 It can be quite windy in 3. 表示推测。表示推测时，一般不用于肯定句中，多用于否定句和疑问句中。 e.g. 他不可能是我们的班主任，因为他已经去郑州开会了。 He can’t be our head teacher as he has gone to 对比： e.g. He may not our head teacher as he said he has gone to 他可能不是我们的班主任，因为他说他已经去郑州开会了。 e.g. He may well not our head teacher as he said he has gone to Zhengou for a meeting. 他很可能不是我们的班主任，因为他说他已经去郑州开会去了。 总结：can’t 不可能（语气最肯定）； well may not 很可能不（语气比较肯定）； may not可能不（语气最不肯定） 4. 表示惊异或怀疑，常用语疑问语气。 e.g. 那怎么会是真的呢？ How can it be true？ e.g. 这到底是什么意思？ What on earth can this mean? 5. 表示请求，口语中常常用could 代替can 语气更委婉。 e.g. ---Can I go now? --- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. e.g. --- Could I come to see you tomorrow? --- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. ) e.g. 要钱你能在等几天吗？ Could you wait a few days for the money? e.g. 明天早上8点你能到这里来吗？ Could you be here at eight o’clock tomorrow morning? 6. 在将来时和完成时中只能用be able to e.g. 我确信我很快就能得到那份工作。 I am sure I will be able to get this job soon. e.g. 他们已经能够按时完成任务了。 They have been able to finish the work on time. 7. 表示经过努力而成功地办到某事，用be able to 不用 can 或could. 这里be able to 相当于：succeed in 或 manage to e.g. 经过几年的努力，他终于通过了考试。 After years of hard work he was able to pass the final exam. 8. 表示一次性的事情，多用be able to, be able to 一般不表示经常性的事件。 e.g. 学完这个公式后，你就能够解出这道数学题了 After studying this formula you will be able to solve the math problem. 9. can’t wait 表示“急于做某事” 相当于 be eager to ---- e.g. I can’t wait to read this story book. 我非常渴望读这本故事书。 e.g. I couldn’t wait to see her. 我渴望见到她。 10. can not ---- too---- 表示“再----也不为过”；“越---- 越好”。 类似的用法还有：can never ---too---; can not ---- enough; can never --- enough. e.g. 我们做实验时越细心越好。 We can not be too careful in doing experiments. e.g. 饮用水越干净越好。 Drinking water can never be clean enough. e.g. 我认为一个人的知识越多越好。 I think it right that one can not learn too much knowledge. e.g. 我们无论怎么表扬他也不过分。 We can not praise him too much. 二）、 may 与might 1. 表示“允许”；“可以” e.g. --- May I ask you a question? --- Yes, please. e.g. --- May I watch TV after supper? --- Yes, you may. (or No, you’d better not.) e.g. Might I use your telephone? (比用may语气更婉转) 2. 表示可能性的推测 含有“或许、大概或可能”的意思（多用于肯定句中）. 用might 代替may 时，语气将显得更加不肯定。 e.g. 我听说可能还留有几本书。 I hear there may be a few books left. e.g. 他明天或许会来。 He might come tomorrow. 3. 表示期望或祝愿 e.g. May you succeed! 祝你成功！ e.g. 但愿你有更多像今天这么愉快的日子。 May you have more days as happy as this one! 三）、must 与have to 1. must 表示“必须、应该”。强调主观看法，只有现在时。其否定形式为:must not (mustn’t)。以must 开头的疑问句，其否定回答用needn’t 或 don’t have to。 e.g. I must learn another language. (主观想法： I want to ----) e.g. I have to learn another language. (客观所需，如：作为一个外交官) e.g. 你不许在这里抽烟！ You must not smoke here! e.g. --- Must I do it at once? --- No, you needn’t. (---- Yes, you must.) e.g. The play isn’t interesting, I really must go now. e.g. I had to work when I was your age. 2. must 表示必然的结果。 e.g.人固有一死。 All men must die. e.g. 如果你不快点，你肯定会错过火车的。 If you don’t hurry, you must miss the train. 3. must 表示肯定推测, 多用于：must be 和 must have done短语中。 e.g. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. e.g. 长途步行之后你一定是饿了 You must be hungry after your long walk. e.g. 你准是把你的包丢在图书馆了。 You must have left your bag in the library 4. must 在反义疑问句中的用法： 1）must 作“必须”解时，反义疑问句任用must。 e.g. 所有的孩子必须尊敬父母，不是吗？ All the children must respect their parents, mustn’t they? 2) must 表示“有必要”的含义时，反义疑问句用needn’t。 e.g. We must tell her the news, needn’t we? 3）must be 表示“推测”时，反义疑问句用be 的适当形式。 e.g. He must be thirsty, isn’t he? 4) must have done 表示“推测”时，用have 的适当形式。 e.g. He must have finished the work, hasn’t he? 5. must 还可以表示“非要---”；“非得----”；“硬要-----”；“偏偏----”之意，表示个人的主张。 e.g. If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你非要走的话，至少也得等到雨停了吧。 e.g. 正忙的时候，机器偏偏出毛病了。 The machine must beak down at this busy hour. 6. have to 一般表示客观原因所引起的“不得不---；必须---”。其后面接动词原形，但是have to 有人称，单复数及时态的变化。单三形式为has to; 过去式had to. e.g. We have to clean our classroom this afternoon. e.g. Mr Green has to work on the farm all day. e.g. He had to look after his younger sister yesterday. 四）、 should 与ought to 1. should 作为情态动词和ought to 在词义上很接近，但should 侧重于主观上的“应该”；而ought to 侧重于客观上的“应该”。 e.g. 明天你应该去到医院看看你母亲。 You ought to go and see your mother in the hospital tomorrow。 e.g. 我认为你应该告诉你妈妈那个好消息。 I think you should tell your mother the good news. 2. should 可以表示语气较强的假设，意思是“万一”。此时也可以将should 至于句首，表示虚拟语气。 e.g. If anyone should come, say I am not at home. = Should anyone come, say I am not at home. 万一有人来访，就说我不在家。 e.g. If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go. = Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go. 万一明天下雨，我就不去了。 3. should 可以用来表示“意外、惊喜、不可思议”的事情，尤其在以why , who, how等开头的疑问句中，常常表示“竟然会”。 e.g. How should you be so late today? 你今天竟然来得这么晚。 e.g. It is strange that the wheel should turn so fast. 真奇怪，这个轮子竟然转的这么快。 4. ought to 用于第一人称，表示有责任、有义务或有必要做某事。 e.g. 我们应该尊敬父母。 We ought to respect our parents. e.g. 我们应该认真地完成作业。 We ought to finish the homework carefully. 5. 用于第二、三人称，表示建议或劝告。 e.g. 你应该听王老师的话才对。 You ought to follow Mr. Wang’s advice. 6. 表示对现在或将来某种可能性的推测， e.g. 亨利应该很快就到了，他6点就从家出来了。 Henry ought to be here soon, because he left home at six. 注意：ought to 没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形，可以表示现在、过去以及将来，对时态的表示可以通过时间状语或上下文体现出来。ought to 的否定形式为ought not to; 疑问式需要将ought 提到句首即可。 e.g. 他不应该做这件事。 He ought not to do it. e.g. 我们应该立即做这件事吗？ Ought we to do it at once? 五）、need 与 dare need 与dare 两个词既可以用作情态动词也可以用作实义动词。 1. 情态动词的need 与dare 用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。其形式和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化； e.g. He dare not tell me the bad news． e.g. 他问我是否敢一个人独自去那里。 He asked me if I dare go there alone. e.g. 她怎么敢做这样的事情呢？ How dare she do such a thing? e.g. you needn’t tell him the bad news. e.g. Need he do the homework immediately? 2. 实义动词dare有各种时态形式的变化，第三人称单数现在时要加s，可以和带to或不带to的不定式连用。 e.g. 我敢从我们的教学楼顶跳下来。 I dare to jump down from the top of our teaching building. e.g. He doesn't dare（to）tell her the bad news． e.g. She lied on the bed , not daring to make a noise. 3. 实义动词need有各种时态形式的变化，第三人称单数现在时要加s, 常用于：need sth或need to do sth 或need sth to be done 或者need sth doing 后两者的主语一般都是物。 e.g. 我需要一本词典，因此我要去趟书店。 I need a dictionary, so I need to go to the bookstore. e.g. We need to tell him the truth．我们需要告诉他真相。 e.g. My car needs repairing．我的汽车需要修理。 4. dare not和 do not dare to同义，都表示“不敢”之意，前者是书面用语，后者是口头用语。在现代英语中，缩略后一般都用He doesn't dare to go的句式，而不用 He daren't go的句型 e.g. 5. didn’t need to 与 needn’t have done didn’t need to 表示没有必要做（实际上也没有作）； needn’t have done 表示本没有必要做，而实际上做过了。 e.g. They didn’t need to come here. 他们不必来这里。（实际也没有来） e.g. They needn’t have come here. 他们本没有必要来。（实际上已经来了） e.g. You _______ such a long essay, the teacher only asked for 300 words, but you have written 600 words. A. mustn’t have written B. needn’t have written C. didn’t have to write D. didn’t need to write 六）、shall, will 与would 1. shall有“应该”；“必须”；“可以”可以表示说话人的“意志、警告、命令、允许”等语气， e.g. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告) e.g. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) e.g. Shall we start the meeting now. 2. shall 还可以表示决心或决定。 e.g. I shall go there along 我决定要自己去那里。 3. will 和would 可以表示“意愿”、“愿意”或“决心”。 e.g. I will do my best to help you. e.g. They said that they would help us. e.g. I will never do that again. 4. 表示估计和猜想。 e.g. It would be about ten o’clock when she left home. 5. 表示向对方提出委婉的请求时，用would要比will 在语气上显得婉转。 e.g. Will you please tell me the way to the station? (语气不婉转) e.g. Would you please tell me the way to the station?（语气比较婉转） e.g. Would you mind telling me the way to the station?（语气最婉转） 6. will 和would 还可以表示性惯性的动作或行为，意思为“总是” e.g. He will talk for hours if you give him the chance. e.g. Everyday she would get up at six o’clock. e.g. The peasants _____ often work by the light of the moon at night when I was in the countryside. A. used to B. would C. will D. shall 七）、情态动词+have done 结构的用法 1. can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。 e.g. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. （虚拟语气） e.g. He can’t have finished his homework.（推测） e.g. Can he have got the book?（推测） 2. may / might +have done 表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中，没有虚拟语气的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。 e.g. He may not have finished the work . e.g. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. 3. must + have done 用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，can’t代替。参看1) can / could + have done表示推测。 e.g. You must have seen the film Titanic. e.g. He must have been to 4. should + have done 用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测, 本应该----而实际上没有。其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。 e.g. He should have finished the work by now。 e.g. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.) e.g. She shouldn’t have taken away my dictionary, for I wanted to use it. 5. needn’t + have done 表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。 e.g. You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 6. will + have done 主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。 e.g. He will have arrived by now. 情态动词巩固练习（一） 1. There’s no light on ---- they ______ be at home. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 2. We hope that as many people as possible ______ join us for the picnic tomorrow. A. need B. must C. should D. can 3. --- What’s the name? --- Khulaifi. _____ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 4. We _____ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 5. Black holes _______ mot be seen directly, so determining the number of them is a tough task. A. can B. should C. must D. need 6. --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring. --- You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. should 7. --- Could I have a work with you, mum? --- Oh dear, if you _________. A. can B. must C. may D. should 8. If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. night not 9. Some aspects of a pilot’s job _______ be boring, and pilots often _______ work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 10. --- Must he come to sign this paper himself? --- Yes, he ________. A. need B. must C. may D. will 11. --- My I some here? --- If you _________, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must 12. Tom, you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not 13. John, look at the time. ______ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 14. He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t 15. I _____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 情态动词巩固练习（二） 1. There _______ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 2. This cake is very sweet. You _______ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put 3. --- The woman biologist stayed in --- Oh, dear! She ______ a lot of difficulties! A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through 4. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ________ be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can 5. --- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. --- Thanks. You ________it. I could mange it myself. A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done 6. --- Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. --- Well. He ______ have gone far --- his coat’s still here. A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 7. --- Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary. --- She _______. I’ve already borrow one. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 8. --- I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. --- It ________ Harry’s. he always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be 9. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _______ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 10. He paid for a seat, when he _____ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 11. Helen ________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 12. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _______ report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can 13. You _______ be tired --- you’ve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not 14. --- Who is the girl standing over there? --- Well, if you ________ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 15. --- Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. ______ I go out and play with Tom for a while? --- No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May not D. Won’t 高考链接------2007 年高考情态动词试题汇总 1. (2007全国卷) --- How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? --- It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 2. (2007北京卷) In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you _______take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will 3. (2007上海卷) --- Guess what ! I have got A for my term paper. --- Great! You _______ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. must B. should C. must have D. should have 4. (2007辽宁卷) --- Turn off the TV, jack. _______ your homework now? --- Mum, just ten more minutes, please. A. Should you be doing B. Shouldn’t you be doing C. Couldn’t you be doing D. Will you be doing 5. (2007 江苏卷) --- She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. --- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 6. (2007浙江卷) --- My cat’s really fat. --- You ________ have given her so much food. A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 7. (2007福建卷) My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where _______ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would 8. (2007湖南卷) The biggest problem for most plants, which ______ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 9. (2007重庆卷) --- What do you think we can do for our aged parents? --- You _____ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t 10. (2007江西卷) ---Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. --- You ________ it in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 11. (2007安徽卷) The teacher ______ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose. A. should B. can C. would D. must 12. (2007四川卷) --- What does the sign over there read? --- No person ______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. A. will B. may C. shall D. must 13. (2007陕西卷) I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _____ have driven her there. A. could B. must C. might D. shouldn’t 高考链接------2008 年高考情态动词试题汇总 1. (2008江苏卷) --- I’m sorry. I ________ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 2. (2008 全国卷) Liza _________ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may 3. (2008 北京卷) John promised his doctor he ______ not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would 4. (2008天津卷) She ________ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 5. (2008上海卷) According to the air traffic rules, you ________ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should 6. (2008辽宁卷) Peter _____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must 7. (2008浙江卷) You _______ be hungry already ---- you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 8. (2008福建卷) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ______ be rather cold sometime. A. must B. can C. should D. would 9. (2008湖南卷) You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ___ find the book by the title. A. must B. need C. can D. would 10. (2008重庆卷) --- I can’t find my purse anywhere. --- You _______ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would 11. (2008江西卷) What a pit. Considering his ability and experience, he _______ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 12. (2008四川卷) Although this _____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should 13. (2008四川卷) We had to make the corrections by hand as the computer ______ do them for us. A. mightn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. wouldn’t 14. (2008陕西卷) --- What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? --- Well, it ______ be big ---- that’s not important. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t 高考链接------2009 年高考情态动词试题汇总 1. (2009 全国卷) What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _______ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall 2. （2009全国卷）I can’t leave. She told me that I _______ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may 3. (2009江苏卷) He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ______ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 4. (2009天津卷) This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might 5. （2009辽宁卷）The traffic is heavy these days, I _______ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? A. can B. must C. need D. might 6. (2009浙江卷) The doctor recommended that you ______ swim after eating a large meal. A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 7. (2009安徽卷) Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they ____ just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would 8. (2009安徽卷) But for their help, we ________ the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished 9. (2009北京卷) One of the few things you ________ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can 10. (2009上海卷) It ______ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should 11. (2009湖南卷)--- It’s the office! So you _______ know eating is not allowed here. --- Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need 12. (2009湖南卷）You and I could hardly work together, _________? A. could you B. couldn’t I C. couldn’t we D. could we 13. (2009重庆卷) --- Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? --- She _________ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 14. (2009四川卷) --- I don’t care what people think. --- Well, you _________. A. could B. would C. should D. might 15. (2009陕西卷) He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, ________? A. is he B. isn’t he C. must he D. mustn’t he 高考链接------2010 年高考情态动词试题汇总 1. （2010安徽卷） jack descried his father, who _____a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 2. （2010安徽卷）---______? --- That would be great! Please drop me off at the library. A. could you bring me the bill B. would you like me to give you a lift C. could you tell me the postcode for Patina D. Would you like to have my e-mail address. 3.（2010北京卷） ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. ---Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can 4.（2010福建卷）Teachers recommend parents their children under 12to ride bicycles to school for safety. A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 5.（2010全国卷）Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A．can B．will C．must D．may 6.（2010全国卷） I’m afraid Mr.harding ____ see you now . he’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 7.（2010湖南卷） You buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 8.（2010江苏卷） ---I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. ---Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 9.（2010江西卷）I have told you the truth I keep repeating it? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will 10.（2010辽宁卷）Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it be regular exercise . A. can B.will C.must D.may 11.（2010山东卷） I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 12.（2010陕西卷） May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. need’t D. mustn’t 13.（2010上海卷） ---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. ---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 答案：C 考点：本题考查的是虚拟语气 解析：此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should + have + 过去分词。本来应该做，而未做 14.（2010四川卷） — I take the book out? —I'm afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 15.（2010浙江卷）“You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would 16.（2010重庆卷）You park here! It’s an emergency exit. A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t |
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