Python中执行系统命令常见方法有两种: 两者均需 import os
(1) os.system # 仅仅在一个子终端运行系统命令,而不能获取命令执行后的返回信息 system(command) -> exit_status Execute the command (a string) in a subshell. # 如果再命令行下执行,结果直接打印出来 2 | 04101419778.CHM bash document media py - django video |
3 | 11.wmv books downloads Pictures python |
4 | all - 20061022 Desktop Examples project tools |
(2) os.popen # 该方法不但执行命令还返回执行后的信息对象 popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object. 例如: 01 | >>>tmp = os.popen( 'ls *.py' ).readlines() |
05 | 'dump_db_pickle_recs.py ' , |
10 | 'make_db_pickle_recs.py ' , |
12 | 'peopleinteract_query.py ' , |
16 | 'update_db_pickle.py ' , |
好处在于:将返回的结果赋于一变量,便于程序的处理。 (3) 使用模块subprocess 2 | >>> subprocess.call ([ "cmd" , "arg1" , "arg2" ],shell = True ) |
获取返回和输出: 2 | p = subprocess.Popen( 'ls' , shell = True , stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.STDOUT) |
3 | for line in p.stdout.readlines(): |
(4) 使用模块commands模块 3 | [ '__all__' , '__builtins__' , '__doc__' , '__file__' , '__name__' , 'getoutput' , 'getstatus' , 'getstatusoutput' , 'mk2arg' , 'mkarg' ] |
4 | >>> commands.getoutput( "date" ) |
5 | 'Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009' |
7 | >>> commands.getstatusoutput( "date" ) |
8 | ( 0 , 'Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009' ) |
注意: 当执行命令的参数或者返回中包含了中文文字,那么建议使用subprocess,如果使用os.popen则会出现下面的错误: 1 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
2 | File "./test1.py" , line 56, in <module> |
4 | File "./test1.py" , line 45, in main |
6 | File "./mailfax/Fax.py" , line 13, in sendFax |
8 | UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal not in range(128) |
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