“市长Nutter的管理值得赞叹。这个计划基于现实，虽然规模很大，但完全可以实现。它把数
字落实，建立了可量化的成本和未来收益的上升趋势。该计划代表城市的转变，费城会变成利
用绿色基础设施最成功最环保的城市。景观设计师在这里发挥了至关重要的作用，这激动人
心。”
——2011 ASLA专业奖项评审团
费城绿色计划用创新的方法开发空间，这远远超越过往的开发计划。计划重点对应于特定的元
素：公园、街道，具体问题（娱乐，交通）。计划务实的集成了环境、经济和社会等因素，为
城市带来最大化效益。
“Mayor Nutter’s administration is to be applauded. This plan is based in reality
and even though it’s very large scale, it’s entirely achievable. It puts numbers
to things and establishes a strong trend of quantifying the costs and returns.
This plan represents a shift from the city saying we’re going to be the greenest
city to saying we’re going to be the most successful city by leveraging our green
infrastructure. It’s exciting that landscape architects are incredibly useful to
these cities and leveraging these things. ”
—2011 Professional Awards Jury
Project Statement
GreenPlan Philadelphia takes an innovative approach to open space planning that
goes well beyond that of a typical open space plan. Many open space plans focus on
specific elements, such as parks or streets, or on specific issues, such as
recreation or circulation. Rather than emphasize one set of networks or issues,
GreenPlan Philadelphia integrates a range of environmental, economic, and social
factors to make the case for and maximize the benefits of City efforts.
项目内容：
费城意识到好的开放空间对于城市未来是至关重要的。13个城市机构连同一个顾问小组联合制
定出让费城成为充满活力和可持续性的指导方针。这个指南有助于用多种方式应对城市面临的
挑战，并且已经成为其他城市计划的重要参考资料：费城绿色工程（可持续性），
green2035（综合企划），城市环保水（雨水管理）。该计划也反映了上千参与这个工程公开
论坛的费城人民意见。
绿色元素和场所
绿色的场所是建筑以外所有空间。空间里面的元素有：树木、雨水管理工具、草地、道路和自
行车道、湿地、都市农业和社区公园、高性能表面，可再生能源。这些元素本身具有各种益
处，但当它们在绿色场地中集合起来时，可以实现最大的效益。
绿色场地包括公园和休闲场所、校园、闲置土地、滨水区、街道、开发区、广场和灰空间、铁
路和公共事业廊道。
目标和建议
制定了30个雄心勃勃又能实现的目标，将私人开发和公共项目作为空间中的元素难入开放空间
的计划中。目标：每个邻里达到至少30%的绿化覆盖率；每 10英亩绿地中按照千人指标增加停
车位；绿色校园项目则绿化了100个操场；建立1400英里的绿色街道网络，遍布全市；确保任
何地方的居民里绿网的距离不超过半英里。
机会
为了实现目标，费城需要发展其开放空间网络。城市给予大量的机会来协助达成这个计划。
资金、管理、运营、维护
针对资金、管理、运营、维护设立目标。有当下马上可以实施的，也有未来的后续开发建议。
保障网络
为了达到可持续城市以及进步，制定出环境、经济和生活质量三个相互依存的网络系统。这个
系统和大框架相互作用，可以客观的评价项目实施的优先次序，并得到进展情况。
环境
树木减少空气中的尘埃并更新空气让空气清新。湿地能够拦截和管理雨水，减少雨水径流，降
低地下水道的负担。树木、草地和湿地又提供鸟类，鱼类等各个生物的栖息地。树木在夏季为
建筑和人们带来荫凉，在冬季又阻挡寒风，形成了宜人的微气候。
经济
通过荫蔽建筑物和阻挡寒风，绿色基础设施减少了电力的耗费，促进了能源的高效利用。研究
表明，良好的开放空间和树木附近的房价更有优势。同时这个计划好发现城市中相当多的控制
土地，如果作为临时或者永久的开放空间，能形成更有效率的土地使用率。通过这个网络提供
娱乐和增加财富。费城可以酝酿出具有竞争力的经济优势，成为吸引企业，居民的首选城市。
生活质量
都市农业和社区公园生产新鲜当地农作物品以替代加工食品和快餐。公园、康乐中心和步道，
都具有步行距离以内的便捷可达性。保证费城的居民可以享用到新鲜的农产品，体会到良好的
安全社区，培养他们社区意识。
指标
提供一个框架，可以跟踪并且传达进程。所有的指标都有有效的度量数据，以过程可被跟踪。
比如：将可用于生产的土地从318亩提高至520亩； 将提供新鲜农产品的企业数量从14家提高
到24家。
项目目标
目标与网络密切相连，这些目标成为决策过程中的清单，保证其的最大化收益。比如：健康流
域，一个雨水管理策略；经济竞争，一个提高旅游地竞争力的决策；高可达性休闲，25%的项
目就位于缺少这些设施的公园和社区中。
Project Narrative
The City of Philadelphia recognizes that the enhancement of its open space is
critical to the city’s future. Thirteen City agencies collaborated with a team of
consultants to develop GreenPlan Philadelphia, the city’s guide to achieving
vibrant and sustainable urban places. The Plan will contribute to meeting the
city’s contemporary challenges in a wide variety of ways and has already served
as a major resource for other City plans: Greenworks Philadelphia
(sustainability), Green2015 (park implementation), Philadelphia 2035
(comprehensive plan), and Green City, Clean Waters (stormwater management). The
Plan reflects the input of thousands of Philadelphians who participated in a range
of civic forums.
Green Elements and Places
The physical foundation of GreenPlan Philadelphia is made up of Green Elements and
Places. Green Places are made up of elements that are the buildings blocks of the
spaces that surround us outside.
Elements of Green Places include trees, stormwater management tools, meadows,
trails and bikeways, wetlands, urban agriculture and community gardens, high
performance surfaces, and renewable energy. While elements of green places provide
a multitude of benefits on their own, the largest set of benefits can be achieved
when multiple elements are combined into green places.
Green Places include parks and recreation spaces, green schoolyards, vacant land
opportunities, waterfronts, green streets, green development, plazas and auxiliary
spaces, and rail and utility corridor enhancements.
Targets and Recommendations
GreenPlan Philadelphia sets over 30 ambitious but attainable targets, with
supporting recommendations for incorporating open space planning into the agenda
for both private development and public works using the elements and places as an
organizational framework. Targets include achieving at least 30% tree cover in
every neighborhood; increasing park space to ten acres of parkland per thousand
residents; greening 100 additional schoolyards through the Campus Parks program;
creating a citywide network for 1,400 miles of green streets; and ensuring that
there is a trail within a half mile of all residents.
Opportunities
In order to reach the plan’s targets and recommendations, Philadelphia will need
to grow its open space network. GreenPlan Philadelphia identifies and maps a large
number of opportunities to help achieve this.
Funding, Management and Operations, and Maintenance
GreenPlan Philadelphia also sets broad targets and select recommendations for
funding, management, operations, and maintenance of open space. These
recommendations are for both immediate use and consideration in the development of
subsequent plans that focus in more detail on areas of concern.
Network of Benefits
The triad of environment, economy, and quality of life is the basis of GreenPlan
Philadelphia’s network of benefits, developed specifically for Philadelphia to
establish a common language for sustainable open space and to measure the City’s
progress toward achieving a greener, more sustainable Philadelphia.
By including this network of benefits, GreenPlan Philadelphia provides the City a
framework to clearly communicate goals, justify open space spending, objectively
evaluate and prioritize open space projects, and report progress.
Environment
Trees and other vegetation trap carbon dioxide—a major cause of climate change—
and airborne particulates, which ensures clean air. Wetlands intercept and manage
stormwater from rain events, which reduces the burden on the sewer system, reduces
runoff, recharges groundwater, and produces healthy watersheds. At the same time,
trees, meadows, and wetlands provide robust habitat that serves as home for a
variety of terrestrial, arboreal, aquatic, and avian species. Trees especially
help ensure a hospitable climate by shading buildings and people in warm weather
and breaking the wind in cold weather.
Economy
By shading buildings and breaking the wind, green infrastructure can help reduce
electricity demand and promote efficient energy use. Local research has shown that
proximity to trees and well-maintained open spaces can positively influence
housing prices, creating more valuable properties. GreenPlan Philadelphia also
recognizes that the city has quite a bit of vacant land, which presents an
opportunity to become a more productive land use if used as temporary or permanent
open spaces, or if redeveloped. By enhancing its open space network, which
provides recreational amenities and leads to more valuable properties,
Philadelphia can cultivate a competitive economy and become a city of choice for
attracting businesses, residents, and events.
Quality of Life
Urban agriculture and community gardens make fresh, local produce available,
offering an alternative to processed and fast foods. Parks, recreation centers,
and trails that are appropriately sized and within walking distance provide
convenient recreation access. The availability of places to recreate and exercise
and the availability of fresh produce can make sure Philadelphia has healthy
residents. Parks, recreation centers, schoolyards, and community gardens that are
in good repair all help foster a sense of community, which leads to strong, safe
neighborhoods.
Indicators
The network of benefits provides a framework to track and clearly communicate
progress in achieving targets and recommendations. All indicators were selected
based on available, measurable data to ensure progress can be tracked. Sample
indicators include: for robust habitat, tracking acres of managed meadow from the
current 318 acres to the target of 520 acres; for productive land use, tracking
percentage of lots and structures not vacant from the current 90% to the target of
95%; and for fresh, local produce, tracking the number of urban agriculture
businesses from the current 14 businesses to the target of 24 businesses.
Project Objectives
Also tied to the network of benefits is a set of objectives that help the City
receive the most benefits from its investments. These objectives are organized
into a checklist that encourages a strategic and transparent decision-making
process in selecting the appropriate opportunities for investment. Sample
objectives include determining if: for healthy watersheds, the project improves
water quality through managing stormwater with green infrastructure techniques;
for competitive economy, the project creates a major tourist destination, enhances
the landscape of an existing tourist destination, or enhances tourism routes; and
for convenient recreation access, at least 25% of the project site is within an
area currently underserved by parks and recreation.
All Images ? Wallace Roberts & Todd
一个统一的构想，将费城的公园，休闲空间和开放空间做成城市整体空间进行构想。这是一个
构想而非一个具体的实施计划。
重新定位开放空间。开放空间包括所有的户外空间：公共或私人，空闲或活力，幽静或广阔。
对整个城市进行思考，结合其他产业进行大规模改造。
公园和娱乐可达性。90%的居民在距离这些设施不到半英里，但是因为可达性差，只有58%的居
民享受这些设施的可达性。
实现30%的森林覆盖率。让各个邻里的森林度概率达到均衡。绿色代表目前绿化覆盖率。
效果表：各要素对环境，经济，生活质量的影响。他们也形成了费城的基础环境。这是一个创
新的考量框架。
丰富吸引人的文案：这是公园和休闲场所的页面：地图上现有设施，目前的机会。可持续发展
的好处，关键元素。公开报价，目标建议，指标，基准，最佳做法。
确定成本效益：可量化的成本和收益。
衡量进程：数据可被测量，然后通过基线条和指标反应项目进程。
评估机会。为了确保空间价值，会客观的评价项目价值。同时在基准之上认可社区差异。满足
各种情况，实现更多目标。
绿化校园：绿化后的校园非常适宜活动。
小街的排水和荫凉：在小街上，两侧种树形成荫凉，路面的砾石层和过滤渠道到引导水进入土
壤，而不是送入下水道系统。
地被。地被比草坪和铺装具有更大的生态效益，其适合粗放管理，并节约水资源。
清洁和绿化车站：适当的整修，种上绿化，提供无障碍坡道，在屋顶安装太阳能电池。让这里
具有吸引力。
利用城市廊道：铁路旁的大道重新被绿化，一侧的绿化廊道被开发，并与河流廊道空间相连。
