【元音】:元音又称母音,是音素的一种,与辅音相对,是在发音过程中由气流通过口腔而不受阻碍发出的音。 【元音音素】:人说话的声音是由若干单个的音组成的,即使是一个很短的字、词也是由一定的读音组成的。英语把组成一个读音的最小单位叫音素. 【元音字母】:是指语言里起着发声作用的字母,是为元音字母。元音又作“元音”在拉丁字母中,A、E、I、O、U通常都是元音字母.
语音是人们利用声音形式识别词义和句意,从而顺利实现交流的声音形式。正确的发音,尤其是元音音素的发音不仅是语言的美丽包装,更是具有区别词义的重要作用。因此,同学们一开始就要重视语音的训练。学好语音需要把一个音素放在不同的组合中去练习、体会,从多个角度才能正确把握正确的发音。在课下多练习、多模仿是至关重要的。但仅有这些还不够,还要请别人来帮助矫正语音,因为自己往往很难发现自己发音的缺陷和不足。在自学情况下,尤其要注意充分利用录音带,结合发音要领进行练习。
8个元音音素及发音规则:
元音 /α:/、/?/、/?:/、/u/、/u:/、/Λ/、/?/、/?:/
1、/α:/ :嘴全开,唇成自然状,舌根部后缩,后位音、长元音,字母组合ar发这个音。
发音练习: heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn pass hard far star park half father master
朗读单词:/æ/与/α:/的比较
cap carp am arm lad lard ant aunt pack park
bad bard ham harm lack lark chat chart hash harsh
2、/?/ :舌尖离开下齿龈,口成椭圆形,短元音,以辅音字母结尾的词的O常读此音。
发音练习: lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock watch
cost stop clock long gone wrong bottle orange doctor coffee
朗读单词:/æ/与/?/的比较
hat hot cat cot cap cop sack sock ran wrong
3、/?:/ :比/?/开口更小,唇成圆形、突出,舌根部后缩,长元音。字母组合or、all、alk、aw常读此音。
发音练习:tall fall wall walk call yawn thought walking lawn short dawn talk storm fort morning
朗读单词:/?:/与/?/的比较
don dawn pot port cot caught spot sport not naught
cod cord stock stork fox fork
4、/u/ :舌尖离开下齿龈,舌后部上抬,唇较圆,短元音。 字母 u、oo、ou 常发此音。
发音练习:cook book look put good full foot would room broom push sugar woman football pudding goodbye
朗读单词:/u/与/?:/的比较
fall full talk book ball bull fought foot
5、/u:/ :舌位同/u/,但比/u/稍低,唇较/u/更小、突出,长元音。o、oo、ou、常发此音。
发音练习:too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose shoes goose whose shoot pool foolish
朗读单词:/u:/与/u/的比较
coot could goose good whose hood shoot should pool pull
fool full
6、/Λ/ :口腔全开,唇成自然状,短元音。
发音练习:cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cut stuck musk some honey money won mouth once couple shut up cousin fun
朗读单词:/Λ/与/æ/的比较
cap cup bag bug sack suck ban bun rag rug
7、/?/ :口形与唇成自然状,肌肉放松,口腔半开,短元音。/?/的拼写形式多种多样。
发音练习:ago about asleep above again among mother brother doctor teacher never danger sugar order butter picture
8、/?:/ :口腔在半开状态,唇向两边咧开,长元音。
发音练习:shirt hurt burn girl bird nurse work worm curse world dirty skirt thirsty worst person curtin serve early
朗读单词:/?:/与/?:/的比较
torn turn short shirt wall world
元音音素/α:/、/?/、/?:/、/u/、/u:/、/Λ/、/?/、/?:/
20个元音音素对应元音音素例子:
1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling
2) [i]sit, build, miss, myth
3) [e] bed, desk, head,
4) [ ae] bad, land, bank, stamp (a和e中间是连起来的)
5) [ ?] hot, want
6) [ ?:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught
7) [u:] good, who, blue, soup,
8) [u] look, put, women, could
9) [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
10) [ ?] cup, come, blood, rough
11) [ ?:] girl, work, serve, nurse
12) [?] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday
13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,
14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye
15) [?u] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow
16) [au] house, town
17) [?i] boy, oil
18) [i?] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,
19) [??] pear, care, there, fair
20) [ u?] tour, poor,
a 与an区别,有一条就是an要跟在元音音素前,而a要跟在辅音音素前
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