英语语法习题

目    录

第一讲 主谓一致

第二讲 名词

第三讲 代词

第四讲 动词分类

第五讲 动词时态

第六讲 被动语态

第七讲 虚拟语气

第八讲 助动词

第九讲 不定式

第十讲 V-ing形式

第十一讲 V-ed形式

第十二讲 形容词／副词

第十三讲 介词

第十四讲 连词

第十五讲 It的用法

第十六讲 定语从句

第十七讲 名词性从句

第十八讲 状语从句

第十九讲 倒装句

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第一讲主谓一致

I.学习重点

从句或非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致

表示数量的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致

由连接词连接的主语与谓语的一致

集体名词作主语时的主谓一致

“主语+with/as well as 等短语”的主谓一致

Ⅱ．重点讲解

主语和谓语的一致主要指谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。

处理主谓一致关系主要遵循以下3条原则。①语法一致原则，即谓语的单、复数形式依主语

的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或是不可数名词，谓语动

词用单数。②就近一致原则，即谓语动词的人称和数要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。③意义一致原则，即不以语法形式而从意义着眼处理一致关系，若主语形式上为复数，但

意义上是单数，谓语动词需用单数；若主语形式上为单数，而意义上是复数，则谓语动词用复数。

Ⅲ、自测题

1．The committee ______(be) unable to agree on the policies．

2．The committee ______ (have) decided to give the workers more financial help．

3．Why he entered the house and how he managed to get out of it without being seen by people ______ (remain) a mystery to us all．

4．Three years in a strange land ______(seem) like a long time．

5．He is one of those men who never ______(care) how they look．

6．Law and order ______(mean) different things to people with different political opinions．

7．She’s the only one of these women who ______ (play) bridge well．

8．After the exams ______(be) the time to relax．

9．War and peace ______(be) a constant theme in history．

10．How is it that your answer and your neighbour’s ______(be) identical?

11．If either of you ______(take) a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the

work．

12．One third of the population ______(be) working in factories．

13．There ______(be) a bed and two sofas in the room．

14．What he left me ______(be) three small rooms.

15．The crowd at the basketball game ______(be) wild with excitement.

16．None of the students ______(have)finished the exam yet．

17．A large crowd of people ______(have) gathered under the Town Hall clock．

18．All but he and I ______(be) going to the Exhibition．

19．Each soldier and sailor ______(be) given a gun．

20．Attending on campus concerts ______ (be) part of the pleasure of college life．

21．There ______(be) more than one answer to your question．

22．A number of pages ______(be) found missing．

23．This is one of the books that ______(tell) an authentic story of World War Two．

24．The cat with her kittens ______(be) sitting in the sun．

25．What ______(be) your weekly wages?

26．Bacon and eggs ______(make) a hearty breakfast for a growing boy．

27．Dancing and skating ______(be) my chief delights．

28．Only one of the students who______(have)  read the article can answer

the question．

29．John is the only student who ______(have) read the book．

30．The number of secretaries in this company ______(be)never under 100．

31．Five hundred dollars ______(be) spent yesterday.

32．It is I who ______(be) responsible for this.

33．To visit the parks and museums ______(be) really enjoyable．

34．Every word and phrase in this dictionary ______(be) important．

35．What he wants ______(be) a recorder and a radio．

36．There ______(be) many a reason why this book sells well．

37．What caused the damage of these cars ______(remain) unknown．

38．Two thirds of my friends ______(have) been abroad．

39．Two thirds of the crop ______(have) been damaged by the storm．

40．The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ______(have) been translated into many languages．

41．A thousand miles no longer ______ much to us today,for modern jets can easily get us over this distance within a few hours．

A)meant          B)mean

C)means          D)will mean

42．It is reported that about two-thirds of the factory’s property

_______ in the fire．

A)are lost       B)have been lost

C)were lost      D)has been lost

43.Statistics ______ a rather modern branch of mathematics．

A)are         B)were

C)is          D)are to be

44．Every means ______ tried out but never with success,as far as my knowledge goes．

A)is          B)has been

C)are         D)have been

45．The woman writer and Oscar Award candidate _______ a collection of short stories．

A)have just turned out      B)has just turned out

C)have just been turned out D)has just been turned out

46．The athlete,together with his coach and several relatives,_____ to the Olympic Games．

A)are traveling      B)is traveling

C)were traveling     D)have been traveling

47．Not only I but also Tom and Mary ______ fond of watching television．

A)am           B)is

C)are          D)have

48．The audience _______ requested to be in their seats by 7:00．

A)have       B)has

C)are        D)is

49．Your trousers ______ too long．______ to be shortened a little.

A)are;They need       B)is;It needs

C)are;It needs        D)is;They need

50．Different forms of government agency ______ different functions．

A)is       B)are

C)has      D)have

第二讲名词

I.学习重点

可数名词与不可数名词

名词的复数词尾变化形式

名词所有格

名词作定语

复合名词作定语时的数

单位词

Ⅱ．重点讲解

名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念的词，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语以及后置

定语。根据其所表达的意义，名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词。普通名词包括个体名词(

如chair,student等)、集体名词(如family,people,police等)、物质名词(如glass,water,wool等)、抽象名词(如work,anger等)。专有名词是表示个别人、地方、事物、机构等所特有的名称，如China,Beijing,Mary,Dr.Brown等。

Ⅲ．自测题

1．Let me give you______．

A)some advice     B)some advices

C)an advice       D)the advice

2．I’ll have a cup of tea and______．

A)two toasts            B)two pieces of toast

C)two piece of toasts    D)two pieces of toasts

3．______did you buy for your new flat?

A)How many furniture’sB)How much pieces of furniture’s

C)How much furniture    D)How many a furniture

4．Mr．Wang has recently made______．

A)some huge fortunes from share

B)huge fortune from shares

C)huge fortunes from share

D)a huge fortune from shares

5．The flood has done______to this region．

A)damage    B)damaging

C)damages    D)ruin

6．______are ungrounded．

A)All this worries    B)All these worries

C)All the worry       D)All these worry

7．Is this______to achieve success?

A)the only means    B)the very two means

C)various means    D)the very mean

8．______covering it are not obtainable．

A)Accurate data      B)Accurate datum

C)Accurate datums    D)Datums accurate

9．He said he had met the man______．

A)at my uncle’s room SmithB)at my uncle Smith’s room

C)at Smith’s my uncle’s roomD)at room of my uncle’s Smith’s

10．I want to know______．

A)somebody else opinion    B)somebody’s else opinion

C)somebody else’s opinion    D)somebody’s else’s opinion

11．This is a picture______．

A)of my boy’s    B)of my room’s

C)of a boy’s    D)of the boy’s room’s

12．______of Mrs．Brown’s．

A)Mary is the daughterB)This is Mary

C)Mary is a daughter   D)This is Mary,the daughter

13．I have finished ______.

A) a day work       B) oneday work

C) a day’s work    D) the work of a day

14．Julie went to the______to buy a pair of shoes．

A)shoes store    B)shoe’s store

C)shoe store     D)shoes store

15．He is a______．

A)bank president        B)president of a bank’s

C)banks president    D)president of the bank’s

16．What do you call juice that comes from tomatoes?  You call it______?

A)tomatoes juice    B)tomato juice

C)juice of tomato    D)tomatoes juice

17．The rapidity of______in a river depends on the width of the river bed。

A)water’s movement    B)water movement

C)water movement’s    D)water’s movement’s

18．The ______was brought to completion in 1958．

A)workers stadium    B)workers stadium’

C)worker’s stadium    D)workers’stadium

19．I shall be back in______．

A)an hour or two time       B)an hour or two’s time

C)an hour’s or two time    D)a hour or two’s time

20．Would you compare and tell the differences between______houses?

A)Alan and Smith’s      B)Alan and Smith

C)Alan’s and Smith’s    D)Alan’s and Smith

21．The miners escaped the danger______．

A)by a hair breadth    B)by hair breadth

C)by hairs breadth    D)by a hairs breadth

22．She put her arm through______．

A)her brother    B)brother

C)her brother’s    D)brother’s

23．The boys ate and drank______．

A)to their heart’s contents    B)to their hearts’ contents

C)to their hearts content       D)to their hearts’ content

24．______race will take place at nine sharp tomorrow morning．

A)Scott and Anderson’s       B)Scott and Anderson

C)Scott’s and Anderson’s    D)Scott’s and Anderson

25．They took Dorson’s child to______at once by car．

A)doctor’s        B)the doctor’s

C)the doctors    D)doctor

26．______must have heard the terrible cry from the building．

A)One of passer-bys        B)One of passers-by

C)One of the passer’bys    D)One of the passers-by

27．Though he was in college,he was still fond of reading______．

A)stories of children    B)childrens stories

C)children stories       D)children’s stories

28．We called at______on weekend．

A)my grandmother      B)my grandmother’s

C)mine grandmother    D)mine grandmothers

29．We have chicken,vegetables,______for lunch．

A)fish and mutton       B)fishes and mutton

C)fishes and muttons    D)fish and muttons

30．Very heavy______are levied on some imported goods．

A)custom duty       B)customs duty

C)customs duties    D)custom duties

31．They saw______in that room．

A)a large amount of furniture

B)a large amount of furnitures

C)many furnitures

D)few furnitures

32．They were requested to hand in their______a month later．

A)theses    B)thesises

C)thesis    D)these

33．After four years in Canada,she got______．

A)a degree of doctor    B)the degree of a doctor

C)a doctor’s degree    D)a doctor degree

34．The beautiful woman turned out to be______．

A)a daughter of Mrs Green’s

B)a Mrs Green’s daughter

C)a daughter of Mrs Green

D)the daughter of Mrs Green

35．This is a special______of butterflies．

A)specy    B)species

C)specys    D)specis

36． ______went to the party last night．

A) Many John friends       B) Many John’s friends

C) Many of John friends    D) Many friends of John’s

37． The room was small and contained far too______．

A) many new furniture     B) much new furnitures

C) much new furniture     D) many new furnitures

38． We found ______in a large iron cage in the zoo．

A) two deer           B) two heads of deer

C) a lot of deers     D) an amount of deer

39．The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camps．

A) prisoner-of-wars    B) prisoners-of-wars

C) prisoner-of-war    D) prisoners-of-war

40． The doctor checked up both his______hearts．

A) father-in-law’s and his brother-in-law’s

B) father’s-in-law and his brother’s-in-law

C) father-in-law and his brother-in-law’s

D) father-in-laws and his brother-in-laws

第三讲代词

I.学习重点

不定代词的用法

Ⅱ．重点讲解

代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的，它的主要作用是在句子中避免名词的重复。代词可分为

人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词、

连接代词等。我们将关系代词放在定语从句中论述，连接代词放在名词性从句中论述。

Ⅲ．自测题

1．She has two daughters but ______of them likes chocolates．

A)no     B)either      C)neither    D)both

2．Choose______book you like from my collection．

A)each    B)any    C)some    D)anyone

3．I have had one house that exactly suited me,and I can hardly expect to find______．

A)another    B)other    C)any    D)the other

4．______of them knew about the plan because it was secret．

A)Any    B)No one    C)Some    D)None

5．I have two brothers．One is a teacher,______is a businessman．

A)another    B)other one    C)the other    D)other

6．______of the four roads will take you to the library．

A)Every    B)Both    C)Any    D)Neither

7．They do not accept______suggestion．

A)neither    B)either    C)both    D)both of

8．The teacher gave______of the pupils a ballpen．

A)each    B)every    C)some    D)the other

9．A good writer is______who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way

A)this    B)that    C)one    D)which

10．The reason why we didn’t get______people to help us in the work is that we didnt want to trouble anyone．

A)all    B)any    C)no    D)some

11．______of you shared my opinions,so we have______in common to discuss．

A)Few;little        B)Nobody;a little

C)A few;little      D)None;many

12．Kim and Tony were not the only people in the garden．There______．

A)were some other ones    B)were some others

C)was another people      D)was someone more

13．It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music,but it is quite______to perform skillfully yourself．

A)other    B)some    C)another    D)any

14．Two people had met the General before,but ______ recognized him．

A)either    B)any    C)neither    D)some

15．______of the two winners in the composition contest was awarded a pen．

A)Every one        B)Everyone

C)Each one         D)Anyone

16．The boy took off his gloves．______had holes in the fingers．

A)Either one     B)Everyone

C)Any one        D)Each one

17．I walked into the room and______．

A)shook hands with everybody

B)shook hand with each one

C)shook hands with each

D)shook the hand by every body

18．Two little boys of my brother’s called to see me and I gave an apple

to______when they sat down．

A)every one of them      B)each

C)every one              D)every

19．A few cakes were served,and he ate______．

A)every one     B)everyone

C)no one        D)anyone

20．______expressed his determination．

A)Everyone of them    B)Every one of us

C)Nobody of them      D)Any body of you

21． I prefer red roses to white______，but my sister likes both ______．

A) one…one         B) ones…ones

C) one…ones        D) ones…/

22．______the girls came on the trip．

A) No         B) Nobody of

C) None of    D) No one of

23．— What do you think about these cakes?

— I’d like to have ______．

A) some other     B) another

C) the other      D) other

24．Alexander certainly talks a lot and he’s never interested in what______has to say．

A) anyone else        B) nobody else

C)no one              D)somebody other

25．It goes without saying that______ the staff of our company can enter

these laboratories．

A) anybody but       B) but anybody

C) none but          D) everybody but

26．______of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of a nuclear

war is increasing．

A) None           B) Either

C) Both           D) Neither

27．It’s time ______about the traffic problem downtown.

A) something was done    B) everything is done

C) anything will be done   D) nothing to be done 

28．You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because there is hard

ly ______left.

A) everything      B) nothing

C) something       D) anything

29．The managing director refused to accept ______of the four proposals made by the contractors and demanded complete novelty．

A) either         B) any

C) neither        D) none

30．Knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or

evil.It’s now being used indifferently for ______．

A) each        B) either

C) both        D) one and the other

31．In order to be a good mountaineer,______ and enough knowledge in geology and meteorology．

A) a sound body should be obtained by one

B) it is essential to have sound body

C) there should be a sound body

D) one should have a sound body

32．Of the four bridges on the river ,the new one completed last year is

longer and wider than______．

A) another       B) the other

C) the others    D) one another

33．He composed a vast amount of music,______is ever played today．

A) one of which       B) little of which

C) seldom             D) a few of them

34．Tape recorders are quite cheap in this country ,you can buy ______ for a few pounds ,though the best ______ are usually exported．

A)ones…one     B)one…onesC)that…one D)that…ones

35．Although Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight vision in______,he became an international renowned jazz musician.

A)     the next one B)anotherC)the otherD)other one

第四讲动词分类

I.学习重点

“动词+介词”构成的短语动词

“动词+副词”构成的短语动词

“动词+副词+介词”构成的短语动词

“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词

“动词(+宾语)+介词+名词”构成的短语动词

“动词+名词”构成的短语动词

Ⅱ．重点讲解

由一个单词构成的动词叫作“单词动词”，如live,work,study,strike,come,go等。短语动词是以实义动词为中心词加上介词或副词等构成的多词动词。它们所表示的意义通常不是动词和介词／ 副词各自词义的简单结合。在使用时，我们要将短语动词作为一个整体看待。短语动词可分为及物和不及物两种类型。此类题主要是考查短语动词的意义，所以识记和领会短语动词的意义是学习短语动词的关键。

Ⅲ．自测题

1．When he realized the police had spotted him,the man_______the exit as quickly as possible.

A)made off    B)made for

C)made out    D)made up

2． Having decided to rent a flat,we_______contacting all the

accommodation agencies in the city．

A)set about    B)set down

C)set out      D)set up

3． The manager needs an assistant that he can _____to take care of problems in his absence．

A)count on       B)count in

C)count up       D)count out

4． There are other problems which I don’t propose to _______at the moment

A)go into       B)go around

C)go for        D)go up

5． This popular sports car is now being_____at the rate of a 

thousand a week．

A)turned down    B)turned out

C)turned up      D)turned on

6.The French pianist who had been praised very highly______to be a great disappointment．

A)turned up    B)turned in

C)turned out    D)turned down

7． If you happen to________my lost papers while you’re looking for your book,please let me know at once by telephone．

A)come across    B)come to

C)come up    D)come over

8． Important people don’t have much free time as their work ____all their time．

A)takes away    B)takes over

C)takes up    D)takes in

9． When I was very young,I was terribly frightened of school,but I soon______it．

A)got off    B)got across

C)got away    D)got over

10． I always_________what I have said．

A)get to    B)hold to

C)lead to    D)see to

11． The engine________smoke and steam．

A)gives up    B)gives in

C)gives away    D)gives off

12． They ________in spite of the extremely difficult conditions．

A)carried out    B)carried off

C)carried on    D)carried forward

13． When Mr．Jones gets old,he will_______over his business to his son．

A)take             B)handC)think              D)get

14． I can’t ______what that object is．

A)make up    B)make over

C)make out    D)make for

15． Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject,he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only________to his confusion．

A)extended      B)amounted

C)added         D)turned

16．She________to say that she was not interested in what I was talking about．

A)broke out    B)broke in

C)broke down    D)broke up

17． Experienced as we are,we must allow_______unexpected difficulties．

A)for    B)to

C)with    D)into

18． The wallet was_______to the American tourist when he proved that it was his．

A)given away    B)given out

C)given back    D)given up

19． They needed quite a sum of money to_______a special school for gifted children．

A)set about    B)set up 

C)set back    D)set off

20． The old lady opened the window to see what was ______outside in thelane．

A)going on    B)going out

C)going over    D)going after

21． With the birth of the Communist Party of China,the face of the Chinese

Revolution______an altogether new aspect．

A)took for    B)took on

C)took up    D)took over

22． The blow knocked him unconscious and it was several minutes before he．

A)came out    B)came off

C)came to    D)came up

23． Though cruelly tortured by the German fascists,the underground  leader didnt_______any of his comrades．

A)give in    B)give up

C)give back    D)give away

24． Peggy had been absent from school for two weeks,so she naturally had a lot of homework to_______．

A)make out    B)make for

C)make after    D)make up

25． He tried to_______at least half an hour every day for jogging(慢跑)．

A)set out    B)set aside

C)set off    D)set back

26． At first he could hardly_______what the American professor was saying．

A)take in    B)take off

C)take to    D)take over

27． Once he has_______his loan from the bank,Henry will owe money to no one

A)paid back    B)paid for

C)paid up    D)paid off

28． When the train_______,the Lafayette students were surprised to learn that the Carlisle track team was composed of one man only．

A)pulled out    B)pulled on

C)pulled up    D)pulled in

29． After the big job was finished,the builder_______the number of men working for him．

A)cut back    B)cut across

C)cut off    D)cut in

30． The president called on the people to_______arms to defend their freedom and

independence．

A)take on    B)take after

C)take up    D)take down

31． I will do my best to_______your expectation．

A)live up to    B)live with

C)live through    D)live by

32． John’s youngest son is______medicine．

A)putting up with    B)standing up to

C)going in for       D)making up for

33． The band was so short of musicians that they had to_______students．

A)fall for    B)fall back on

C)fall in    D)fall on

34． We’ve ________sugar．Ask Mrs Johnsons to lend us some．

A)run down    B)run off

C)run away with    D)run out of

35． The good service at the hotel_______the poor food to some extent．

A)made for    B)made out

C)made up    D)made up for

36． She________us because she went to an expensive school．

A)looks above    B)looks down upon

C)looks over    D)looks up to

37． You’ll find that job very difficult．You’ll ______some very tricky  problems．

A)run over           B)come off

C)come up against    D)run out of

38． There are many inconveniences that have to be______when you are camping．

A)put up         B)put off

C)put up with    D)put away

39． Having gathered some information about the accident,they______its real causes．

A)got down to    B)got round to

C)got out of    D)got into

40． When I was criticized at the meeting,only he______me．

A)stood for    B)stood up to

C)stood up for    D)stood out

41． I am afraid my grandfather’s health will not be able to_____this dramatic change of weather．

A)stand up for    B)stand out

C)stand up        D)stand up to

42． Jack has been working hard and has______his classmates in studies．

A)caught on    B)caught up with

C)caught out    D)caught up

43． They are trying hard to________technical developments．

A)keep up with    B)keep back

C)put up with     D)keep up

44． To fulfil the task assigned me,I’m quite prepared to______whatever danger that may lie behind．

A)face with    B)face up to

C)face down    D)face up with

45. Very few scientists______with completely new answers to the world’s           problems．

A)come to    B)come round

C)come up    D)come on

46． The union______under the financial strain．

A)broke up    B)broke out

C)broke off    D)broke down

47． If we can______our present difficulties,then everything should be all right．

A)get off        B)put away

C)come across    D)get over

48． The car slowed down and______at the gate．

A)pulled out     B)pulled on

C)pulled down    D)pulled up

49． Some hard plastics can be______metals in manufacturing machine parts.

A)substituted for       B)replaced

C)taken the place of    D)given way to

50． Trains stop here in order to ______passengers only．

A)get off    B)pick up

C)pull up    D)get out

51． Tom could not______the last problem on the arithmetic test．

A)fill out    B)figure out

C)find out    D)feel like

52． This office is so small that I don’t think we can______another desk．

A)place down    B)hold up

C)take in       D)fit in

53． I had a bit of cold over the weekend but fortunately I______．

A)put it off       B)made it up

C)called it off    D)threw it off

54． Prepositions______in the structure of English．

A)take part            B)take a great part

C)play a large part    D)play many parts

55． Jack was about to announce our plan but I______．

A)put him through    B)gave him up

C)turned him out    D)cut him short

第五讲  动词时态

I.学习重点

一般现在时

一般将来时

一般过去时

现在进行时

现在完成时

现在完成进行时

过去完成时

将来完成时

过去将来完成时

将来进行时

Ⅱ．重点讲解

时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中共有16种时态.

Ⅲ．自测题

1． Long ago,people didn’t know the earth ______ round the sun．

A) moves        B) were moved

C) moved        D) had moved

2． Tom will go to school the moment he ______ his work．

A) will finish    B) finished

C) finishes       D) would finish

3． I will go there even if it ______ tomorrow．

A) will have rained    B) will rain

C) has rained          D) rains

4． In case he ______,let me know．

A) has come     B) comes

C) will come    D) would come

5．It’s hard to tell if it ______ tonight．

A) will snow    B) snows

C) shall snow    D) will have snowed

6．Free tickets will be given to whoever ______ first．

A) will come     B) has come

C) comes         D) come

7．I ______ John several times during the past month．

A) saw          B) had seen

C) see          D) have seen

8．It ______ every day so far this week.

A) has rained    B) rains

C) is raining    D) rained

9．This is the first time that I ______ to Paris．

A) will go      B) have been

C) have gone    D) came

10．It is the third cigarette that I ______ this morning．

A) smoke          B) smoked

C) have smoked    D) am smoking

11．Anne is one of the brightest pupils who ______ from the school．

A) have graduated    B) has graduated

C) had graduated     D) graduated

12．I am to do my homework as soon as I ______ back from school．

A) had arrived     B) will arrive

C) have arrived    D) would arrive

13．By the time Mrs．Smith left the school,she ______ that course for twenty  years．

A) taught               B) has taught

C) has been teaching    D) had taught

14．Where ______ when I was in the Atlantic City?

A) have you been    B) were you

C) had you been    D) did you

15．No sooner had Mr．Green finished explaining the poem than the students

questions ______ to pour in．

A) begin        B) began

C) beginning    D) had begun

16．Our teacher said the Yellow River ______ the second largest river in

China．

A) was               B) were

C) has been            D) is

17．Perhaps I ______ reading the book by this time tomorrow．

A) will have finished    B) will finish

C) have finished         D) would have finished

18．We ______ nearly a thousand miles when we reach London．

A) travel                 B) have traveled

C) shall have traveled    D) are traveling

19．I’ll ______ my sister at the airport at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon．

A) be meeting    B) be met

C) have met      D) have been meeting

20．The little girl ______ fine deeds both at and out of school．

A) was always done    B) is always doing

C) had always done    D) does always do

21．I had intended to ______ you an early reply,but I didn’t know how to get contact with you．

A) have given    B) would give

C) give          D) giving

22．I was to ______ to see you yesterday,but I was too busy to get away．

A) come         B) be coming

C) have come    D) coming

23． It is two years since I ______ you．

A) see         B) have seen

C) had seen    D) saw

24．It is the third time that Tom ______ late for class．

A) has arrived    B) arrives

C) arrive         D) is arriving

25．He will come to call on you the moment he ______ his work．

A) will finish    B) finishes

C) finished       D) to finish

26．— Let’s hurry．The president is coming．

— Oh,I thought that we ______．

A) already miss him         B) had already missed him

C) will miss him already    D) have already missed him

27．The Smiths told Jack that they ______ a new car the next morning．

A) went to buy          B) would be going to buy

C) were going to buy    D) have gone buying

28．John and Mary ______ in September．

A) are to be married    B) will marry

C) is to marry          D) is married

29．I liked to play football when I was at the university,but I broke a leg

five years ago and since then I ______．

A) haven’t played again    B) didn’t play again

C) would not play again     D) would have played again

30．It doesn’t matter who ______ there in his place．

A) will go     B) go to

C) went        D) goes

31．When he graduates from the university this summer,Tom ______ here for four years．

A) will be studying     B) will study

C) will have studied    D) studies

32．The little girl told me her name only after I ______ her mine．

A) had told          B) told

C) tell              D) have told

33．I’d like to know when he ______ back．

A)is                B) will be

C) be               D) would be

34．Whatever ______,you should keep cool-headed．

A) happened       B) should happen

C) will happen    D) happens

35．I’ll let you have the book when I ______ through．

A) will be    B) am going to be

C) am    D) shall be

36．________last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent．

A) He left the school     B) He has left school

C) He had left school     D) He left school

37．I knew I could not finish the homework________．

A) by he had come        B) until he has come

C) when he comes         D) before he came

38．The government________to approve the use of widespread surveillance when the Justice Department took objections．

A) is going          B) had been

C) was about         D) is coming

39．I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped_______．

A) him calling me       B) that he would call me

C) him to call me       D) that he call me

40．Do not disturb me．I_______letters all morning and have written ten

so far．

A) write            B) have written

C) was writing      D) have been writing

41．Mr．Brown_______here for two weeks．

A) has already been      B) is already being

C) has already been being D) is already

42．Hand in your papers when you______ the test．

A) are finishing       B) will finish

C)will have finished   D) have finished

43．By the time the course ends,______ a lot about Britain．

A) we’ll learn     B) we are learning

C) we have learned   D) we’ll have learnt

44．My father_______．

A) has forever criticized me  B) forever criticizes me

C) does forever criticize me  D) is forever criticizing me

45.James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he______until yesterday．

A) will come            B)was coming

C)had been coming       D)comes

46．Whenever I ______ these days,I always carry my raincoat．

A) shall go out        B) am going out

C) would go out        D) go out

47．I had hoped_______my letter．

A) her to answer       B)that she answer

C)that she would answer D)her answering

48．This is the first time _______really relaxed for months．

A) I’ve felt         B)I feel

C)felt                 D)I am feeling

49．They were quarrelling about the property their father _______ them when he_______．

A) left…died    B)left…had been dead

C)had left…died D)had left…was died

50．I______that we would be able to leave tomorrow,but it’s beginnig to look difficult．

A) hoped             B)had hoped

C)was hoping         D)would hope

51．The company_________a rise in salary for ages,but nothing has happened yet．

A) is promised       B)has been promising

C)is promising       D)promised

52．There was a knock at the door．It was the second time someone________me that evening．

A) had interrupted     B)would have interrupted

C)to have interrupted  D)to interrupt

53．The new oneway scheme______for just over six months,and traffic

has improved considerably as a result．

A) has been operated    B)has to be operated

C)has been operating    D)had operating

54．They were sweating all over because they ______ basketball for more than two hours．

A) were playing       B)were to play

C)were to have played D)had been playing

55．Ever since the world began,nations ______ difficulty in keeping peace with their neighbours．

A) have had           B)have

C)had                 D)had had

56．I would very much like to have gone to see the movie,but I ______ a ticket．

A) shall not have    B)haven’t had

C)don’t have        D)didn’t have

57．When Kate came to call on me,I had just finished my washing and _______ to prepare my lunch．

A) have started       B)would have started

C)had been starting   D)was starting

58．I ______ work last week,but I changed my mind．

A) were to start       B)was to start

C)was to have started  D)had started

59．By the middle of the 21st century,the vast majority of the world’s population ________ in cities rather than in the country．

A) are living        B)will be living

C)have lived         D)will have lived

60．I’ll come to your office as soon as I ______ the paper．

A) obtain           B)will obtain

C)am to obtain      D)have obtained

第六讲被动语态

I.学习重点

被动语态的时态形式

各种句型的主动语态转换为被动语态的方法

短语动词的被动语态

get型被动语态

Ⅱ．重点讲解

语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动

语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语

是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的ed形式”构

成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。

Ⅲ．自测题

1．The goods ______ when we arrived at the airport．

A) were just unloading    B) were just being unloaded

C) had just unloaded      D) were just been unloaded

2．The problem ______ for two hours at the meeting．

A) was discussed               B) has discussed

C) has been being discussed    D) has been discussed

3．Greater efforts to increase grain production ______ if food shortages are to be avoided．

A) is being made    B) must be made

C) have to make    D) is making

4．The instruments will have to be carefully tested before they ______．

A) are being used    B) will be used

C) can be used       D) use

5．Each pupil ______ an orange at the end of yesterdays party．

A) has been offered    B) were offered

C) was offered         D) has offered

6．People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes．But why are all of the ______?

A) grey painted mailboxes    B) mailboxes grey painted

C) mailboxes painted grey    D) painted grey mailboxes

7．It was not until man had learned how to make iron and steel that the construction of various machines ______ possible．

A) were made    B) had made

C) made         D) was made

8．The man who doesn’t work ______ work．

A) made              B) should be made to

C) should be made    D) has to be made

9．He was ______ to be clever but dishonest．

A) thought as     B) thinking

C) to think       D) thought

10．John ______ the best singer in his class．

A) regards to be       B) regards as

C) has regarded as     D) is regarded as

11．Mr．Smith ______ by a large majority vote at the board meeting．

A) has turned down    B) was turned down

C) was turned         D) had turned down

12．The sports meet ______ because of the weather．

A) puts off       B) was putted off

C) was put off    D) has put off

13．Such success ______ when we first started．

A) was never thought       B) has never been thought

C) was never thought of    D) did not think of

14．More and more attention ______ adult education both at home and abroad．

A) is paying to         B) are paid to

C) has being paid to    D) has been paid to

15．Mary got angry when she realized she ______．

A) was being made fun of    B) has been making fun of

C) is made fun of           D) made fun of

16．— The ceremony has already started．

— Look! The flag is ______ now．

A) being raised    B) being rose

C) risen           D) raising

17．Bill ______ a job in a factory,but he refused to take it．

A) was offered     B) offered

C) was offering    D) had offered

18．In 1950,she was the largest ship that ______．

A) was ever built         B) has ever built

C) has ever been built    D) had ever been built

19．I should very much like to go to the party,but ______．

A) I am not invited     B) I have not been invited

C) I was not invited    D) I will not be invited

20．The work ______ by the time you get here．

A) will have been done    B)is done

C) had been done          D) would have done

21．The construction of the laboratory ______ by the end of next month．

A) must have completed    B) must have been completed

C) must be completed      D) must complete

22．The Anti-Japanese War ______ in 1937．

A) broke out     B) was broken out

C) had broken out    D) was happened

23．She was told the examination ______ on Friday．

A) will be given    B) would be given

C) to be given    D) is given

24．I’ll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ______ if

we leave it here．

A) would be fined    B) will be fined

C) will being fined    D) will have been fined

25．They believed that by using computers the production of their factory

______．

A) will greatly increase         B) would greatly increase

C) would be increased greatly    D) will  been great increased

26．Lenin often spoke to his comrades and ______ with enthusiasm．

A) was always listened to     B) was always listened

C) always listened to         D) always was listened

27．This film ______ this Saturday．

A) shows             B) will show

C) is to be shown    D) is to show

28．The children ______ many times not to go near the river．

A) have told         B) told

C) have been told    D) were being told

29．I think much attention ______ your pronunciation．

A) must be paid to    B) ought be paid to

C) must pay to        D) should be paid by

30．John will have to go to work by bus as his car ______．

A) is repaired            B) is being repaired

C) is needed repairing    D) is needed repairs

31．Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ______ taken in the past．

A) was not           B)were not

C)were not being     D)being not

32．My pictures _______ until next week．

A) won’t develop     B)aren’t developing

C)don’t develop      D)won’t be developed

33.All the apparatus _____ before the experiment began．

A) have been prepared     B)were prepared

C)had been prepared       D)had prepared

34．It’s upsetting when a person ______ for a crime that he didn’t commit．

A) is punishing      B)will punish

C)have punished      D)gets punished

35．Enough _______ on how to take useful things out of rubbish．

A) has said         B)was said

C)has been said     D)will be said

36．The Smiths ______ rooms in the hotel,for their houses ______ in the explosion．

A) were given;had been destroyed

B)gave;destroyed

C)was given;was destroyed

D)gave;had been destroyed

37．I wasn’t surprised she ______ elected after all the efforts she made．

A) got                B)took

C)grew                D)turned

38．_______ thousands of different species of beetles．

A) There is known to be     B)There are known to be

C)There is to be known      D)Known there are to be

39.It is reported that a new railway station ______ there by the end of next month．

A) will be built     B)has built

C)was built          D)will have been built

40．Your hair wants______．You’d better have it done tomorrow．

A) cut           B)to cut

C)cutting        D)being cut

第七讲虚拟语气

I.学习重点

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法

虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的用法

虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法

虚拟语气在if only〖WT〗引导的感叹句中的用法

虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的用法〖HT〗〖BG)〗

Ⅱ．重点讲解

虚拟语气是历年考试中结构选择部分的最常见的也是必不可少的一个语法项目。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况.

Ⅲ．自测题

1．His car must have broken down,or he ______then．

A) would have been here     B) had to be here

C) should be here           D) would be here

2． We consider it necessary that a careful plan______ before doing work．

A) should make       B) be made      

C) to be made        D) will be made

3． The picture exhibition bored me to death． I wish I    ______ to it．

A) have not gone                    B) did not go

C) could not have gone              D) had not gone

4． Your suggestion that he ______  till next week is reasonable．

A) wait             B) will wait        

C) shall wait      D) waits

5． Since the meeting is very important, I’d rather______．

A) you yourself would attend it  B) you yourself attended it

C) you yourself attend it       D) you yourself will attend it

6． Had she come yesterday, I  ______  her the truth．

A) did tell       B) told           

C) would have told   D) would tell

7． I don’t know what I’d have done if I   ______ to make that decision.

A) have had     B) would have     

C) had had          D) had

8．It’s high time that you  ______ to correct that mistake．

A) have learnt       B) learn             

C) will learn          D) learnt

9． Because he had a bad cold, his mother insisted that he   ______to school．

A) mustn’t go      B) not go          

C) do not go        D) would not go

10． The headmaster gave orders that the test  ______before 12:30．

A) will be finished                 B) be finished

C) shall finish                     D) will finish

11．It is important that the customs of all nations  ______ respected．

A) be           B) are   

C) must be      D) will be

12． It is necessary that he   ______       in time to attend the meeting．

 A) will come        B) comes          

C) come            D) came

13． He’s working hard for fear that he______．

A) would fall behind               B) fell behind

C) may fall behind                 D) should fall behind

14．He ordered that the work  ______ started at once．

A) be           B)is

C) was          D)being                                               

15． If you had followed the doctors advice, you ______all right now

A) will become     B) could have become

C) would become    D) became

16．I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______your brother．

A)could see    B)had seen

C)will see    D)will have seen

17．If I had a bike,I ______it to you yesterday．

A)would have lent    B)would lend

C)would have lend    D)could lend

18．______,John would not have failed．

A)If he has listened to me    B)Had he listened to me

C)If he listened to me        D)As he listened to me

19．I wished it______but it did．

A)occurred not        B)did not occur

C)had not occurred    D)would not occur

20．I______Professor Jones had taught me this question．

A)believe    B)deeply think

C)wish       D)suppose

21．The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,so it seems as if the sun______round the earth．

A)circles        B)is circling

C)be circling    D)were circling[

22．— I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s generosity．

— She insisted______it as a gift．

A)no them to accept    B)their accepting

C)that they accept    D)that they accepted

23．Jill would rather we ______now,but we must go to work．

A)not leave        B)had not left

C)didn’t leave    D)not to be left

24．I’d just as soon______those important papers with you．

A)that you won’t take    B)your not taking

C)please don’t you take    D)you didn’t take

25．If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed,we’d ______there by now．

A)be             B)get

C)have got at    D)have been

26．Peter wishes that he ______law instead of literature when he was in college．

A)had studied    B)studied

C)could study    D)would study

27．______,Gerald would have been a rich man．

A)Was he to enter businessB)Were he entered business

C)Had he entered businessD)If he was to enter business

28．If only I ______how to operate an electronic computer as you do．

A)had known    B)would know

C)should know    D)knew

29．— Where have you been?

— I got caught in the traffic;______I would have been here sooner．

A)however    B)although

C)anyway    D)otherwise

30．John would rather that Jane______to the party yesterday evening．

A)did not go    B)not go

C)had not gone    D)wouldn’t gone

31．The chief editor recommended that everyone______this paper．

A)must refer to    B)referred to

C)would refer to    D)refer to

32．______no electronic computer,there would have been no artificial satellites or rockets．

A)Had there been    B)If there were

C)Should there be    D)If there are

33．It was essential that the application form______back before the deadline．

A)must be sent    B)be sent

C)would be sent    D)were sent

34．It is urgent that they______from the mountain before dark．

A)shall be rescued    B)will be rescued

C)be rescued    D)must rescue

35．______the fog,we should have reached our destination．

A)Because of     B)In case of

C)In spite of    D)But for

36．It is natural that an employee______his work on time．

A)finished    B)finishes

C)finish    D)finishing

37．If you______that movie last night,you wouldn’t be sleepy now．

A)haven’t watched    B)didn’t watch

C)hadn’t watched    D)wouldn’t  have watched

38．What do you think of his proposal that improvement ______in the old type of vacuum cleaner?

A)be made         B)would be made

C)will be made    D)will have to be made

39．I’d rather you______anything about it for the time being．

A)do              B)won’t do

C)didn’t do      D)hadn’t do

40．It is suggested that all controls______at the front of the machine.

A)mount          B)be mounted

C)are mounted    D)will be mounted

41．My idea is that our group______the other groups to a friendly competiti

on．

A)challenge          B)will challenge

C)would challenge    D)challenges

42．He’s working hard for fear that he______to pass the exam．

A)fails          B)may fail

C)should fail    D)would fail

43．I’d rather you ______your mouth shut．

A)keep         B)kept

C)will keep    D)have kept

44．Had it not been for the traffic jam,I______late for class．

A)would have been    B)won’t have been

C)have been          D)wouldn’t have been

45．Mother told me to take an umbrella lest I ______a cold．

A)should catch    B)caught

C)catch           D)will catch

46．If the sea ______ 500 feet ,India would become an island．

A)  is to rise    B) were risen

C) has risen      D) were to rise

47．They ______ so tired,if they hadnt been walking for a whole day.

A) wouldn’t be feeling     B) would feel 

C) would have felt          D) are not feeling

48．If only he ______ differently, he might still be the director of the

faculty．

A) behaved         B) have behaved

C) had behaved     D) behaves

49．He had just arrived, but he talked as if he ______ about our plan．

A) had known    B) knew

C) knows        D) has known

50．How I wish we ______ as we were told! This would never have happened.

A) had done    B) would do

第八讲助动词

I.学习重点

助动词的用法基本

半助动词的用法

情态助动词的一般用法

“情态助动词+have done”的用法

Ⅱ．重点讲解

英语中的助动词的句法功能是协助主动词构成动词词组，它不能单独充当谓语动词。英语助动词分为三大类：①基本助动词(如be,do,have);②半助动词(如have to,had better,  be going to,be able to,be about to,seem to等)；③情态助动词(如must,may,should等)。英语四级考试对助动词的考查主要是情态助动词。所以本章我们主要论述情态助动词的用法。情态助动词不同于一般助动词，它本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态。但情态助动词的

词义又不像实义动词那样完全，它不能单独作谓语，只能和不带to的动词不定式(ought等除外.

Ⅲ．自测题

1．Since the ditch is full of water,______last night．

A)there might have been rain

B)it must be raining

C)it must have rained

D)there must have rain

2．Look what you have done!You______more careful．

A)must be                B)may be

C)would have been        D)should have been

3．Mary_______yesterday if she was really serious about her work．

A)ought have come         B)ought to have come

C)ought to come           D)ought to be coming

4．Her performance in the exams is excellent．She______a lot of time studying

A)may spend               B)must spend

C)must have spent         D)had spent

5．You______pay the money,but you_______do so at once．

A)needn’t;must          B)need;need

C)must;must               D)must;needn’t

6．Comrade Wang _______be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago．

A)mustn’t                B)can’t

C)may not                 D)isn’t able to

7．The car plunged into the river．The drive________ get out but the passengers

were drowned．

A)was able to             B)succeeded to

D)might                                                              8.You _________ the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to

to do.

A)needn’t to come       B)don’t need come

C)don’t need coming     D)needn’t com

9．— Did they blame him for his mistakes?

— Yes,but they _________so．

A)would rather not do      B)shouldn’t do

C)shouldn’t have done     D)had better not do

10．— Did your brother break the window?

— He_______have done it．I am not sure．

A)will not                 B)might

C)can                      D)must

11． Since it is already midnight,we______．

A)had better left      B)ought to have left

C)should take leave    D)might as well leave

12． The house is dark;the Turners ______to bed．

A)should go         B)should have gone

C)must have gone    D)must go

13． My father______such a thing．

A)can’t have said    B)might not have said

C)couldn’t say    D)must not have said

14． He went on foot,but he ______by bus．

A)might as well go    B)should go

C)could have gone    D)must have gone

15． “Where are my keys?I______them．”

A)must lose        B)should have lost

C)can have lost    D)might have lost

16． Where ______wait for you?

A)do you want me    B)will I

C)shall I           D)would you hope me to

17． The swimmer was very tired but he______reach the shore before he collapsed．

A)might           B)can

C)succeeded to    D)was able to

18． ______to you like that?

A)How dared he spoke    B)How dares he speak

C)How dare he speak    D)How dares he to speak

19． Ann doesn’t like milk．She says that she______it at home．

A)was never used to drink    B)was never used to drinking

C)never used to drink         D)never used to drinking

20． Some people feel that firearms______．

A)need be controlled    B)must have been controlled

C)can be controlled    D)should be controlled

21． ______to have lunch with us today?

A)Do you like      B)Would you like

C)Will you like    D)Shall you like

22． You ______him that the day before．

A)ought not to have told    B)must not have told

C)should not tell           D)ought not to tell

23． When I was a boy,I ______chocolate．

A)would like          B)used to like

C)was used to like    D)should like

24．— You missed a golden opportunity．

— Yes,I______that job when it was offered．

A)must take           B)should have taken

C)might have taken    D)ought to take

25． When we reached the station,the train had  not arrived;so we______．

A)needed not to hurry         B)needn’t have hurried

C)need not to have hurried    D)didn’t need to hurry

26． Most of the people in the group felt rather disappointed at their travelling abroad．They say that it ______better organized．

A)might have been    B)had been

C)had to be          D)must have been

27． My sister wasn’t in Paris last month,so you______her there．

A)might not have seen    B)can’t have seen

C)must not have seen    D)shouldn’t have seen

28． I want to go to the grocery,but you______with me．

A)need not to go    B)don’t need go

C)not need to go    D)need not go

29． — The lecturer was a tall, thin man with white hair．

— Then it______Dr．Fell because he is short and fat．It______Dr．Jones;he is thin．

A)can’t be;must be

B)couldn’t have be;might have been

C)must be;can’t be

D)can’t have been;must have been

30． I wonder why they haven’t arrived yet．I told them how to get here but

perhaps I ______them a map．

A)should give            B)had to give

C)ought to have given    D)must have given

31． — Martin is taking pictures of wild animals．

— Oh,no．He______killed．

A)might be    B)might have been

C)must be    D)would probably have been

32． You______me because I didn’t say anything like that．

A)must misunderstand          B)may misunderstand

C)could have misunderstand    D)must have misunderstood

33． No one______that to his face．

A)dares say    B)dares saying

C)dare say    D)dare to say

34． Some people think that if you can’t say something nice about a person,then you______anything at all．

A)mustn’t have said    B)shouldn’t say

C)needn’t have said    D)wouldn’t say

35． — Do you believe that James will apologize to Mary?

— I don’t know．He______．

A)should    B)would

C)ought    D)will

36．Mr Jones,_______you tell me what has happened?

A) may                    B) must

C) might                  D) could

37．As it turned out to be a small party,we ________up so formally．

A) needn’t dress        B) didn’t need have dressed

C) did not need dress    D) needn’t have dressed

38． I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left．I ______

him earlier．

A) had a telephone       B) have phoned

C) should have phoned    D) should be phoned

39． He was a good swimmer so he_______swim to the riverbank when the boat sank．

A) could           B) might

C) succeeded to    D) was able to 

40． You_______read that article if you don’t want to．

A) haven’t      B) can’t

C)mustn’t       D)needn’t



第九讲不定式

I.学习重点

不定式(短语)的句法功能

不定式的时态

不定式的语态

不定式和疑问词连用

不定式的复合结构

省略[WTHZ]to[WT]的不定式

Ⅱ．重点讲解

不定式是非限定动词的一种形式，它是由“to+动词原形”构成的。to是不定式的符号，本

身没有意义。不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语。不定式具有名词、形

容词、副词的特征，同时也保留动词的某些特征。不定式和自己的宾语、状语构成不定式短

语，如：to learn English,to speak at the meeting。不定式的否定形式是在其前直接加

not或 never，如：not to be late,never to make such mistakes。不定式既然有动词的特征，当然也就有时态之分，有语态之别。

Ⅲ．自测题

1． They would rather______on with the house building than______it up．

A)to go;to give    B)go;give

C)to go;give       D)go;giving

2． If the work ______by the end of the month is delayed,the construction company will be fined．

A)will be completed

B)will have been completed

C)to be completed

D)being completed

3． Another manmade earth satellite is reported______orbit yesterday．

A)to have been put into    B)to have been put

C)to be put into           D)to put into

4． No matter how hard I searched,the receipt was nowhere______．

A)to have found    B)to be founded

C)being found      D)to be found

5． It is hard______the problem without others help．

A)for him to solve    B)that he might solve

C)for him solving     D)his solving

6． ______such an attitude is to seek truth from facts．

A)People adopt     B)While adopting

C)Being adopted    D)To adopt

7． Although he tries his best,much work______．

A)remains not done               B)remain not to do

C)does not remain to be done    D)remains still to be done

8． Some students find______．

A)boring to remember English words

B)it to remember English words boring

C)it boring to remember English words

D)remember English words boring it

9． As a matter of fact,I thought______．

A)it not to criticize him bestB)best not to criticize him

C)it best to not criticize himD)it best not to criticize him

10． Jones wants______a company by himself instead of ______his father’s．

A)to open;taking over    B)to open;take over

C)opening;take over      D)opening;taking over

11． On hearing the bad news,she could do nothing______．

A)but crying    B)while crying

C)except cry    D)only to cry

12． Rather than______any more,I decided to go home by taxi．

A)my waiting    B)to have waited

C)waiting for    D)wait

13． They don’t allow______in the room．

A)to smoke    B)us smoke

C)us to smoke    D)to be smoked

14． The manager could do nothing______the secretary’s suggestion．

A)only to agree to    B)until agree to

C)but agree to    D)except agreeing to

15． Under the pressure of policemen,the criminal______confess his guilt．

A)could not only    B)only to

C)could not but    D)could not unless

16． The brave young man would rather die______．

A)never surrender    B)than surrender

C)without surrendering    D)not to surrender

17． The companies can not choose______with each other．

A)unless cooperate    B)only cooperate

C)but cooperate    D)apart from cooperate

18． I have spent much time encouraging______．

A)them reading    B)that they read

C)them to read    D)their reading

19． Let’s hurry______be late for the party．

A)in order to not    B)to not

C)not to             D)so as not to

20． I have enjoyed my visit here．I am very sorry______．

A)to leave      B)for leaving

C)of leaving    D)with leaving

21． Have you ever______a lie?

A)know me to tell    B)knew me to tell

C)know me tell       D)known me tell

22． Did you notice the little boy______?

A)took the candy and run away

B)taking the candy and run away

C)who take the candy and run away

D)take the candy and run away

23． John______the report for him．

A)got his sister write          B)had his sister write

C)made his sister in writing    D)let his sister to write

24． The farmhands were made______their work．

A)done    B)to be done

C)to do    D)do

25．He will______except lend you money．

A)do anything for you        B)give you anything

C)make everything for you    D)lend you everything

26． He had nothing to ______the posters outside the house．

A)see except look at

B)do except to look at

C)do except look at

D)watch except to looking at

27． She would sooner______．

A)starved than surrendered

B)starve than surrender

C)starved than to surrender

D)to starve than to surrender

28． When the typist saw his funny look,she______．

A)could not help to laughB)was not able to help laughter

C)could not help but laughD)could not help but laughing

29． — Would you help me with my lessons?

— Of course,but I can do______give you some advice．

A)no more but to        B)not more than

C)no more except to     D)no more than

30． He was said______a gift from her,knowing that it meant a bribe．

A)to refuse               B)to be refused

C)to have been refused    D)to have refused

31． The manuscript was thought______by Shakespeare．

A)to write          B)to be written

C)to have written    D)to have been written

32． I was pleased______you last month．

A)to meet        B)have to meet

C)to have met    D)meeting

33． It is important for the plan______．

A)to put into practice   B)not to put into practice

C)to be put into practiceD)to be not put into practice

34． The lecture is hard______．

A)to understand      B)for understanding

C)to be understood    D)understand

35． He is said to______the old couple for more than ten years．

A)have looking after    B)have been looking after

C)look for              D)be looking for

36． There were not much______him．

A)to be interested and amused    B)interesting and amusing

C)to interest and amuse          D)interested and amused

37． I want a book______on the journey．

A)to read        B)to be read

C)for reading    D)having been read

38． These apples are still too green and sour______．

A)that they can be eatenB)that they can’t have been eaten

C)to be eaten            D)for eating

39． It is very kind______so．

A)for you to say    B)for you to have said

C)of you to say     D)of that you say

40． I have considered seeing Jane tomorrow,but I haven’t considered______my hand．

A)having offered    B)to offer

C)how to offer    D)offered

41．John admitted that it’s always difficult _______．

A) for him being on time      B) being on time for him

C)for him to be on time       D)on time for him

42．A good administrator must know_______．

A) to be firm             B) to have firmness

C)the way of firmness     D)how to be fir

43．They would rather_______for a walk．

A) going                B) be go

C)to go                 D)go

44．Several of these washers and dryers are out of order and _______．

A) need to be repairing

B) repairing is required of them

C) require that they be repaired

D) need to be repaired

45．There was nothing they could do______．

A) but wait B) except waiting

C) only to wait D) unless they waited

46．Last night,in a radio address,the president urged us______to the Red Cross．

A) that we subscribe       B) subscribe

C) subscribing             D) to subscribe

47．—Where are you going?

—To help the neighbors_______the dinner party．

A) get ready          B) getting ready

C)get ready for       D)by getting ready

48．Now the need________other peoples’ language is becoming greater and

greater．

A) to learn            B) learning

C)to be learned         D)being learned

49．It is necessary_________the book immediately．

A) for him to return      B) that he returns

C)his returning           D)to him return

50．Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult______.

A) to achieve success todayB) to succeed successfully today

C)to come off well today   D)at being successful today



第十讲 V-ing形式

I.学习重点

V-ing形式的句法功能

V-ing形式的复合结构／独立主格结构

V-ing形式的时态形式

V-ing形式的被动语态

固定搭配中的V-ing形式

Ⅱ．重点讲解

这里所说的V-ing形式包括了传统语法书中所讲的“现在分词”和“动名词”。V-ing形式也是一种非限定动词。它有一般形式和完成形式，以及主动语态和被动语态的区别。

Ⅲ．自测题

1． Bad weather prevented the construction from ______in time．

A)having completed    B)completed

C)completing          D)being completed

2． ______,Mary ran out of the classroom．

A)With tear in her eyes and a sudden turn

B)Turning suddenly,with tears in her eyes

C)With a sudden turn tearful eyes

D)Having tears in her eyes and turned suddenly

3． ______that the teacher was not in,she went back．

A)Find    B)To find

C)To have found    D)Finding 

4． It’s no good______a lot but doing nothing．

A)talk    B)talkingC)talked    D)to talk

5． It is no use______him at this hour．

A)to call    B)calledC)call    D)calling

6． Is there anything here______?

A)worth to buy    B)worth of being bought

C)worthy buying    D)worthy of being bought

7． I don’t regret______even if it might have upset her．

A)to tell her what I thought

B)to have told her that I thought

C)telling what I thought

D)telling her what I thought

8． The teacher said,“Stop______．”So we stopped______．

A)to talk;to work    B)talk;working

C)talking;to work    D)talking;work

9． My younger sister couldn’t help______when her toy fell into the river．

A)but to cry    B)but crying

C)to cry    D)crying

10． That bad egg wore dark glasses to avoid______．

A)being recognized    B)to be recognized

C)recognizing         D)to recognized

11． I love______,but I’d hate______in a crowded swimming pool．

A)to swim;swimming    B)swimming;swimming

C)to swim;to swim     D)swimming;to swim

12． These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high cliffs or down

frightening hillsides to towns______in deep valleys．

A)lying    B)laying

C)laid    D)lied 

13． ______after a long walk,John called and said he couldn’t come．

A)Having worn out    B)Being worn out

C)To wear out    D)Worn out 

14． I wasted all the afternoon______through piles of old letters．

A)go      B)to go

C)goes    D)going 

15． He saw in the driving mirror and saw the lorry______over his car．

A)come           B)coming

C)having come    D)to come 

16． ______the operation successfully made him feel relaxed．

A)Had performed    B)Having performed

C)Have performed    D)To perform 

17． ______the book has taken up much of his spare time．

A)While he writes    B)That I wrote

C)Writing            D)To write 

18． It is______pretending to know what you don’t know．

A)no good    B)not helpful

C)not good    D)all right 

19． Do you think it’s worthwhile______a new language?

A)to teach him learn       B)teaching him to learn

C)for teaching him learningD)teaching him to be learned

20． It’s a waste of time______him to our way of thinking．

A)of you to try persuade    B)trying to persuade

C)that you try persuade     D)to try persuade

21． ______,they went away disappointedly．

A)All the tickets have sold out

B)All the tickets having been sold out

C)While having been sold out

D)Having sold out all the tickets

22． ______so much in the war has made Joe more thoughtful．

A)Seeing    B)To see

C)Had seen    D)Have seen

23． It is no use______now．He is very busy．

A)asking him to come    B)to ask him to come

C)asking him coming    D)to ask him come

24． ______a fine day,we decided to go out on a picnic．

A)What    B)Having been

C)Being    D)It being

25． ______to get there at dawn means we may lose the battle．

A)Our failing    B)We to fail

C)Us failing    D)We fail

26． Do you remember______coming to see us last Sunday?

A)Mary and her mother    B)Mary and her mother’s

C)Mary and Mary’s mother’s    D)Mary’s and  mother’s

27． The human body is composed of organs,______a definite job to do．

A)each one’s has    B)each has

C)each having        D)for each to have

28． ______,she went back to her room．

A)There is no cause for alarm

B)Being no cause for alarm

C)There being no cause for alarm

D)Without having cause for alarm

29． I don’t understand______at the poor child．

A)you to laugh       B)you laugh

C)why do you laugh    D)your laughing

30． He agreed that the problem required______．

A)to look into    B)to be looked into it

C)looking into    D)being looked into

31． ______London numbers from abroad,dial 1,not 01．

A)When telephoning    B)When being telephoned

C)While telephoned    D)When having telephone

32． My wife suggested______to Scotland for a holiday,but I favor______Wales instead．

A)to go;to visit    B)going;visiting

C)to go;visiting    D)going;to visit

33． I wrote up in the night and found we had water ______through the ceiling．

A)do drip down      B)being dripped

C)drip from         D)dripping

34． China stretches across a vast area ______ the cold,temperate and tropial zones．

A)covers      B)cover

C)covering    D)covered

35． After a long walk on a hot day,one often feels______．

A)exhausting    B)exhausive

C)exhausted     D)exhaust

36． He won’t like such questions______the meeting．

A)to discuss at    B)discussed at

C)discussing in    D)to have discussed in

37． When ______the English standards of Japanese and Chinese secondary pupils,the professor gave no comment．

A)asking to compare with    B)asked to compare

C)asking to be compared    D)asked him to compare

38． ______against corruption and waste has brought us a bright future．

A)We fight       B)Our fighting

C)We to fight    D)Us fighting

39． — Did you miss your stop?

— The bus was so crowded that I had a hard time______．

A)got off       B)getting off

C)to get off    D)get off

40． Weather______,the sports meeting will be held as scheduled．

A)should permit    B)permits

C)is permitted     D)permitting

41． Don’t you mind______the window?

A)me to open    B)I open

C)my opening    D)to open

42． I’m not satisfied with______so hastily．

A)that being done       B)that is done

C)that’s being done    D)that’s done

43． He is very busy______his papers．He is far too busy______callers．

A)to write;to receive    B)writing;to receive

C)writing;receiving      D)to write;for receiving

44． My younger brother couldn’t help______when his toy plane fell into the

river．

A)but to cry    B)but crying

C)to cry        D)crying

45． I vaguely remember______something like that．

A)his saying        B)him having said

C)for him to say    D)that he say

46． No one thought that John’s suggestion was worth______．

A)to consider         B)considering

C)to be considered    D)of consideration

47． John was caught______his neighbour’s apples the other day．

A)to have stolen    B)stealing

C)to steal          D)having stolen

48． There was so much noise outside that the speaker could hardly______．

A)make the audience hear

B)make the audience hearing him

C)make himself hear

D)make himself heard

49．Some of the experiments______in the book are easy to perform．

A)being described    B)described

C)to be described    D)having been described

50． ______to continue his studies,James quitted school．

A)Not wishing          B)Not to wish

C)Having not wished    D)Wishing not



第十一讲 V-ed形式

I.学习重点

V-ed形式的句法功能

V-ed形式用于独立主格结构

Ⅱ．重点讲解

V-ed形式即传统语法中所说的过去分词，又有人称之为-ed分词，它也是一种非限定动词。规则动词的V-ed形式由动词原形加词尾-ed构成，不规则的V-ed形式情况各异。V-ed形式一般表示完成和被动，只有一种形式，没有时态和语态的形式变化。

Ⅲ．自测题

1． ______about the storm,the sailor changed his course．

A)Warn    B)Warned

C)Being warning    D)To be warned

2． ______,we can’t look forward to seeing the sports center rebuilt．

A)This year’s budget severely cut

B)This year’s budget has severely cut

C)This year’s budget being severely cutting

D)This year budget cut

3． The materials______in the paper are all up-to-date．

A)quoting          B)quoted

C)being quoting    D)to be quoting

4． A large fish was slowly swimming through the water,its tail______back and forth like the pendulum of a clock．

A)swung        B)swinging

C)was swung    D)was swinging

5． The new water machine______here from the factory looked a bit larger than that I had ordered．

A)delivered          B)delivering

C)to be delivered    D)having delivered

6． We have never heard the word______that way before．

A)pronounce     B)be pronounced

C)pronounced    D)pronouncing

7． New Zealand is a (an)______country．

A)English speaking    B)speaking English

C)English spoken      D)English being spoken

8． The______necklace was returned by the police．

A)stealing         B)stolen

C)having stolen    D)being stolen

9． The engine______at maximum speed for a long time may start to overheat．

A)running    B)run

C)ran        D)to be run

10． The customer______by one penny got the money back as soon as he returned to the supermarket．

A)overcharging    B)being overcharged

C)overcharged     D)to overcharge

11． ______,the sun could be seen climbing up over the hills to our east．

A)The morning fog is to be blown away

B)The morning fog blow away

C)The morning fog blown away

D)It is blown away the morning fog

12． The failure on the final exams always make students______their performance．

A)ashamed of    B)being ashamed of

C)ashamed       D)shamed

13． My sister’s professor had her ________  her paper many times before allowing        her to present it to the committee.

A) rewritten    B) to rewrite

C) rewrite    D) rewriting

14． For this important event,the press secretary is the spokesperson______by

the president to give the news to the eager television reporters______in the      conference room of the White House．

A)chosen;waiting    B)chosen;waited

C)chose;waiting    D)chosen;to wait

15． Many things______impossible and incredible in the past are common today．

A)consider       B)considered

C)considering    D)to consider

16． When ______to tell the difference between British and American English,

the professor made a long and ______speech．

A)asked;tired      B)asked;tiring

C)asking;tiring    D)be asked;tired

17． ______the top of the mountain,we had hardly any energy______for the descent (下山)．

A)Reached;leaving        B)Reached;left

C)Reaching;to be left    D)Reaching;left

18． We visited the small village______south of the reservoir．

A)laying    B)lying

C)to lie    D)laid

19． All these products will surpass the level______in 1976．

A)attained         B)attaining

C)to be attained    D)having been attained

20． ______of the burden of the ice,the balloon climbed up and drifted to the south．

A)Freeing       B)Freed

C)To be free    D)Having freeing

21． Jane’s brother borrowed my French dictionary yesterday,______that he would return it soon．

A)said      B)saying

C)to say    D)having said

22． Only by practice will you be able to improve your______and gradually speak fluently．

A)speaking English    B)spoken English

C)spoke English       D)speak English

23． ______population in the centers of American cities have resulted in a large number of______buildings．

A)Declined;abandoned     B)Declining;abandoned

C)Declined;abandoning    D)Declining;abandoning

24． She had a very ______when she heard the news．

A)disappointed look          B)disappointing look

C)disappointed appearance    D)disappointment look

25． His health______,Henry Lee went on leave(告假)from the army．

A)failed          B)failing

C)being failed    D)being in failure

26． ______left before the deadline,it doesn’t seem likely that John will accomplish the job．

A)With so short time        B)Since such a short time

C)Although such a short timeD)With such a short time

27． Even if______,I won’t go．

A)invited                B)being invited

C)having been invited    D)to be invited

28． Are you going to the dinner______by Professor Wang?

A)given          B)to give

C)to be given    D)being given

29． Suddenly there appeared a young woman______in green．

A)worn    B)dressingC)to dress    D)dressed

30． — Is the radio bothering you?

— It certainly is．I’d like it______off．

A)turning    B)to turn

C)turned     D)turns

31．_______from space,our earth,with water covering 70% of its surface,appears as a “blue planet”．

A) Seen             B)  Seeing

C) Having seen      D) To see

32．A________achievement of electronics is electronic computers．

A) widely knowing        B)  being widely known

C) widely known          D) having widely known

33．Some of the experiments_______in the book are easy to perform．

A) describing           B)  to be described

C) described            D) to describe

34．They tried to silence the _______ audience but in vain．

A) exciting            B)  excited

C) to excite           D) excite

35．The lecture was three hours long and Frans felt very______．

A) boring              B)  bored

C) boredom             D) bore

36．Excuse me,but it is time to have your temperature_______．

A) taking              B)  to take

C) take                D) taken

37．There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself_______．

A) hearing             B)  to hear

C) heard               D) being heard

38．They found out a _______ soldier on the battlefield．

A) wound                B)  wounded

C) wounding             D) being wounding

39．Jane was scolded by the director because she left the office with the

door ______．

A) unlocking           B)  not being locked

C) unlocked            D) not locking

40．They are _______with their present job．

A) satisfied           B) satisfy

C) satisfying          D) to satisfy

41．She wants the work_______before tomorrow．

A) be done            B) do

C) done               D) be doing

42．With the first point_________,they turned their negotiation to another．

A) agreed on           B) agree on

C) to agree on         D) to agree

43．Is there anything you want from the town?I am going to get______．

A) these letters mailed     B) mailed letters

C) to mail these letters    D) these letters mail

44．All the insulating substances________up to then could be damaged by  sea water．

A) knowing            B) known

C) to know            D) know

45．I’m going to the hairdresser’s to_______．

A) cut my hair        B) have my hair cut

C) have cut my hair   D) cut me my hair

46．A beam of light will not bend round corners unless______to do so with the help of a reflecting device．

A) made               B) being made

C) having made        D) to be made

47．He heard his name_______．

A) call               B) be called

C) called              D) to call

48．Any body,when______to a high temperature,becomes a source of light．

A) to be heated         B) heated

C) being heated         D) having heated

49．An automatically controlled electric oven never gets_______．

A) overheating         B) to overheat

C) to be overheated    D) overheated

50．_______waiting for Jane,he headed home．

A) To feed up with       B) Fed up with

C) Feeding up with       D) To be fed up with



第十二讲形容词／副词

I.学习重点

as…as结构

more…than结构

“the+形容词  ／  副词最高级+比较范围”结构

比较级的修饰语

比较的逻辑一致性

拉丁比较结构

Ⅱ．重点讲解

形容词 ／副词的比较结构是英语考试的考查要点。比较结构除了其基本形式之外，还有其变体形式，因而呈现出较为复杂的情况。形容词／副词的比较结构最主要的有三种：as…as结构，more…than结构和the most…结构。more…than结构和the most…结构又有综合式和分析式之分。综合式即在原级后加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级；分析式即在原级前加more,most构成比较级和最高级。

Ⅲ．自测题

1．This lesson is______than the last one．

A)more easier    B)more easy

C)very easier    D)much easier

2．He looks______than he is．

A)more young    B)more younger

C)much younger    D)very younger

3．The cost of one day in this hospital can run ______300．

A)so high to    B)as high to

C)as high as    D)so high as

4．______,the worse I seem to feel．

A)When I take more medicine  B)The more medicine I take

C)Taking more of the medicineD)More medicine taken

5．My new glasses cost me______the last pair that I bought．

A)times three               B)three times more than

C)three times as much as    D)as much three times as

6．You must write as______as you can．

A)careful           B)carefully

C)more carefully    D)more careful

7．Which do you like______,coffee,tea or lemonade?

A)the best    B)better

C)best        D)the better

8．I’ve never seen______before．

A)so beautiful sunset      B)such a beautiful sunset

C)such beautiful sunset    D)as beautiful sunset

9．This is______opportunity to be lost．

A)too good       B)too a good

C)too good an    D)a too good

10．I never heard______story．

A)more amusing      B)the more amused

C)a more amusing    D)a more amused

11．It’s ______film Ive ever seen．

A)more interesting        B)most interesting

C)the most interesting    D)a more interesting

12．The more he tried to help her,______she seemed to appreciate it．

A)the less      B)the more less

C)the lesser    D)the much lesser

13．The fare was______than he thought it would be．

A)less as expensive        B)less expensive

C)not as less expensive    D)as less expensive

14．The market______it had been in the morning．

A)was as crowded            B)was not crowded as

C)wasn’t as crowded as     D)wasn’t so crowded

15．She was______anyone could be．

A)such co-operative as    B)very co-operative that

C)most co-operative than    D)as co-operative as

16．This sofa isn’t comfortable,but that one is______better．

A)rather    B)less

C)ever    D)hardly

17．Americans now use______electrical power per capita as the world average

A)as much six times

B)more than six times

C)as more than six times much

D)more than six times as much

18．The moon is approximately 60 times______from the center of the earth as we are．

A)as near as    B)as far as

C)as near       D)as far

19．The sun must be made of lighter stuff than the earth．If the earth were______,it would weigh four times as much．

A)bigger       B)smaller

C)as bigger    D)as big as the sun

20．The thing that troubles me______is my lung cancer．

A)most    B)much

C)very    D)rather

21．John is______his friend．

A)no more rich than    B)not more rich than

C)no richer than       D)not rich than

22．The beauty of the city is______words can describe．

A)more than       B)less than

C)no more than    D)no less than

23．It is inferior in quality______what I imagined．

A)than    B)of

C)to      D)with

24．Jim is______in both ability and learning．

A)superior than I    B)superior to I

C)superior than me    D)superior to me

25．Her skirt is______．

A)as pretty,if not prettier than her sister

B)as pretty as,if not prettier than,her sister’s

C)pretty as her sister,if not prettier

D)pretty as her sisters,if not prettier

26．Exercising is______ as any to lose unwanted weight．

A) good as a way     B) as good a way

C) as a good way     D) so good a way

27．There is______ a man who lays down his life for his country．

A) no greater love than that of

B) no greater love than

C) no so greater love as that of

D) no as greater love as that of

28．John and Tony are both very learned ,but Harry is______．

A) the more clever    B) the most clever one

C) the cleverer one    D) the cleverest one

29．— Did you like the book I gave you?

— ______the novels that Ive read,I enjoyed this one the most．

A) Of all      B) All of

C) For all     D) From all

30．It is ______ the best solution to the problem．

A) very       B) a lot

C) so far     D) by far

31．Finally, he chose ______ expensive of the two cameras．

A) the most     B) more

C) the more     D) most

32.He looks older than me , but I am ten years ______ to him.

A) older    B) younger

C) senior    D) young

33．The more he looked at the picture, ______ .

A) the less he liked it     B) the better he likes it 

C) less he liked it         D) he liked it better

34．This house is very big and beautiful.I think the rent must be ______as that one. A) three times more       B) as much three times 

C) three times as much    D) as three times much

35．The new manager was ______ calm and approachable ______his predecessor had been arrogant and aggresive．

A) not as…as          B) as…as

C) not…so…as         D) more than

36．Miss Augustine is ______ as you can wish to meet．

A) efficient a secretary      B) an as efficient secretary

C) as efficient a secretary    D) a secretary efficient

37．The result of the complicated experiment is ______as we had expected.

A) as a success much     B) much as a success

C) as much a success     D) as much of a success

38．The present crisis is ______ than an economic crisis．

A) much more a political    B) much a more political

C) much more political      D) much more political crisis

39．Film directors can take ______ liberties in dealing with concepts of time and space than stage directors can．

A)more greater     B)the greatest

C)far greater        D)further great

40．Wind and rain continually hit against the surface of the Earth, breaking large rocks into______ particles．

A)smaller and then smaller    B)small to smaller

C)smaller and smaller         D)little by little





第十三讲介词

I.学习重点

●对简单介词的考查

对短语介词的考查

对“介词与动词／形容词／名词的搭配”的考查

Ⅱ．重点讲解

介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词，用来表示其后的名词(或相当于名词的词、短语或从句)与其

他句子成分的关系。介词不能单独作句子成分，只有和其后的词(叫作介词宾语)构成介词短

语才能在句子中充当某些成分，如作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。按照介词的构成，

介词可分为3类：①简单介词，即由一个词构成的介词，如in,at,among等，其中包括由两

个简单介词组合成的合成介词，如inside,without,throughout等，还包括由V-ing形式和V-ed形式转化而来的分词介词，如considering,including,given等；②双重介词，它由两

个简单介词组成，如from among(从……当中)，from behind(从……的后面)，until after

(直到……之后)等;③短语介词，它由一个或两个简单介词和一个或几个其他词类的词组

合成一个短语，作用相当于一个介词，短语介词的末尾总是一个简单介词，如according to

,because of,in favour of,in spite of等。对介词的考查主要体现在简单介词、短语介词

及介词与其他词类的搭配上。

Ⅲ．自测题

1．He took my umbrella ______．

A)with mistake       B)by mistake

C)in mistake         D)by fault

2．He’s sometimes bad-tempered but he is a good fellow______．

A)by heart          B)with heart

C)in heart          D)at heart

3．The speech was so long and dull that I could hardly put up______it．

A)to               B)upon

C)with             D)into

4．The new TV set is good,______some flashes on the screen．

A)besides         B)beyond

C)except for       D)outside of

5．Perhaps economy is the solution______your financial troubles．

A)at              B)to

C)on              D)for

6．Science has brought ______many changes in our lives．

A)around          B)about

C)forward         D)back

7．My sister is really enthusiastic______music．

A)about           B)on

C)with            D)by

8．An objective of Women’s Liberation is to do______unfair discrimination

against women．

A)out of         B)away with

C)away from      D)up down

9．I must apologize______not answering your letter in time．

A)from           B)with

C)for            D)in

10．She tried to make up______the lost time______staying up late．

A)for;by          B)with;by

C)for;with        D)with;with

11．His honesty is______;nobody can doubt it．

A)out of the question     B)beside question

C)without question       D)in question

12．We should prevent people ______shooting______birds．

A)from;at        B)of;to

C)against;at     D)from;to

13．The ship was______the waves．

A)at the mercy of      B)at the mercies of

C)at a mercy of        D)at mercies of

14．The child suffered______a severe attack______influenza．

A)from;of         B)of;on

C)in;on           D)with;by

15．You may paraphrase this sentence______your own words．

A)by use          B)use

C)with             D)in

16．It is day______us while it is night______the Americans．

A)on;at            B)with;for

C)to;since         D)with;with

17．He didn’t go to the party______a variety of reasons．

A)to               B)at

C)for              D)on

18．To finish this task in three days is______an easy job．

A)by no means      B)by any means

C)by all means     D)by means of

19．At yesterday’s meeting,Mr．Lee______a reasonable plan．

A)put up with       B)caught up with

C)kept up with      D)came up with

20．______Mary,all the students have been there．

A)With relevance to   B)With the exception of

C)Except that         D)Similar to

21．In some rural areas of our country,machines have ______man in much farmwork．

A)taken the place of    B)taken advantage of

C)taken for granted     D)taken into account

22．Theory is based on practice and______serves practice．

A)in turn        B)in return

C)in vain        D)in place

23．I______a friend in the city yesterday．

A)came across       B)came around

C)came up against    D)came up to

24．They continued to work______the heavy rain．

A)in course of      B)in spite of

C)in the event of   D)in the face of

25．This plan will be discussed______at the next meeting．

A)at intervals      B)at large

C)at length         D)at times

26．The two parties______a date for the next talk．

A)agreed on       B)agreed to

C)agreed with     D)answered for

27．We have our book printed______．

A)at our own expense     B)at our disposal

C)on our own             D)on our guard

28．An experienced engineer is______the work．

A)in memory of       B)in the charge of

C)in honour of       D)in charge of

29．Preparations for the final examination are______．

A)all the way        B)under way

C)by the way         D)in the way

30．I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is______．

A)out of the question    B)out of practice

C)out of date            D)out of question

31．He didn’t take part in the meeting______the heavy rain．

A)for the sake of     B)at the mercy of

C)on the point of     D)on the grounds of

32．Tom is suffering______a fever,please______a doctor．

A)from;send for      B)of;send off

C)in;send in         D)about;send on

33．The plane was soon______in the sky．

A)out of sight      B)out of doors

C)out of breath     D)out of date

34．He pretended to be a newspaperman,but it didn’t take us long to______him．

A)see through       B)see about

C)see for           D)see to

35．A lot of people ______tears when they heard the famous scientist had passed away．

A)burst out       B)burst into

C)burst upon      D)burst up

36．To develop light industry in a big way______improving the living standard of the people．

A)attributes to     B)attaches to

C)distributes to    D)contributes to

37．All arts______the imitation and study of nature．

A)consist in        B)consist of

C)consist with      D)come of

38．I didn’t say I like it.______,I was very much against it．

A)To the contrary    B)On the contrary

C)In contrast with   D)In comparison with

39．In Britain,meat is sold______the pound．

A)at               B)in

C)with             D)by

40．I prefer writing a term paper______taking an examination．

A)rather than      B)to

C)for              D)instead of

41．What have you to say in ______ what happened yesterday?

A) response to   B) right of C) relation to     D) the van of

42．Electricity is essential ______ modern industry．

A) in     B) fromC) for    D) to

43．He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit______reach．

A) near    B) withinC) inside    D) at

44．His ideas were far in ______of the age in which he lived．

A) addition    B) advantageC) advance    D) adventure

45．Vingo obtained his release from jail ______ the successful efforts of

his friends to prove his innocence．

A) in accordance with     B) as a result of

C) for reasons of         D) with the help of

46．Today,more and more people in the U．S．are using credit cards ______of money to buy the things they need．

A) in spite    B) becauseC． instead    D) ahead

47.Did you go there ______ pleasure or ______ business?

A) with…with    B) on…for C) for…on    D) for…for

48．______ its hot sun and beautiful beaches,Hawaii is a fine place to live in or visit．

A) As    B) WithC) From    D) For

49．It has been rather costly to install the machinery ,but it will prove to be worth the money______．

A) in conclusion    B) in the long run C) at long last     D) at the end

50．It is not easy to tell the true ______ the false．

A) from    B) withC) than    D) off

51．We all agreed with him ______his proposals for a Christmas party．

A) at     B) forC) in    D) on

52．We congratulated our colleague ______his engagement to the beautiful film star．

A) for    B) aboutC) on    D) in

53．Such a custom is not peculiar ______ the British．

A)on     B) inC) of    D) to

54．That student is very familiar ______all the works of Shakespeare and

Milton．

A) to    B) withC) about    D) in

55．Your father is very angry ______ you staying out so late．

A) for     B) toC) with    D) on



第十四讲连词

I.学习重点

并列连词的用法

从属连词的用法

Ⅱ．重点讲解

连词是一种虚词，它是用来连接词、短语或分句的词。根据连词本身的构成形式，连词可

分为4类：①简单连词，如 and,but,or,if,before,since等；②关联连词，如both…and,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also等；③短语连词，如as if,as soon as,as well as,so that,in case,in order that等；④分词连词，如supposing,considering,provided等。根据连词的句法功能，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两类。

Ⅲ．自测题

1．Ten years have passed______I began to learn English．

A)when         B)before

C)since        D)after

2．The reason for the traffic accident was ______one of the drivers lost control of his car．

A)because          B)why

C)when             D)that

3．Everything happened______expected．

A)which            B)that

C)as               D)and

4．If that idea is wrong,the project is bound to fail,______good all the ot

her ideas might be．

A)whatsoever    B)whatever

C)though        D)however

5．A man escaped from the prison last night．It was a long time______the guards discovered what had happened．

A)since         B)until

C)when          D)before

6．A driver should slow down______there are many houses．

A)where          B)when

C)till           D)since

7．______the boys were discussing the car accident,Ben put in that the road

was icy．

A)Since    B)While

C)Where    D)As soon as

8．We heard a loud sound of drums beating______the parade marched．

A)till     B)where

C)while    D)the moment

9．The picture is not hanging______it should on the wall．

A)until       B)when

C)wherever    D)where

10．John didn’t plan in advance what to say but made it up______he was asked questions．

A)since          B)where

C)as             D)till

11．______Charles started a job,he did it______it was finished．

A)Since;where      B)Once;till

C)Each time;once    D)The moment;as

12．Dew is formed______the grass is thick．

A)while    B)when

C)where    D)until

13．I know the coatis unfashionable but I’m not going to throw it away．I’ll keep it______that style comes into fashion again．

A)when    B)since

C)until    D)as

14．______ more than one hundred elements are known,only twenty-five of them are common and important.

A) Because     B) If

C) Although    D) Whether

15．He put colons______he should have put semicolons．

A) though      B) even if

C) whenever    D) wherever

16．I enjoy travelling ______ I don’t have to drive too far．

A)lest           B)unless

C)if             D)but

17．Some members of the staff couldn’t handle Marry’s condition,hard _______ they tried．

A)as         B)although

C)when       D)even if

18． Government can’t operate effectively ______ it is free from such

interference．

A)as long as       B)so that

C)unless           D)because

19．The time is not far away ______ modern communications will become

widespread in China’s vast countryside．

A)when         B)as

C)until        D)before

20．______ you decide to take up,you should try to make it a success．

A)If only       B)Unless

C)Whenever      D)Whatever

21．_______ the punishment was unjust,Helen accepted it without complaint．

A)However      B)Even though

C)So long as   D)Since

22．_______ I admit that there are problems,I don’t think that they can’t be solved．

A)Unless        B)Until

C)As    D)W

23.Britain’press is unusual _______ it is divided into two very different types     of newspapers:the quality press and the popular press．

A)in how        B)in what

C)in which      D)in that

24．We often advise him not to drink more wine ______ is good for his health．

A)as            B)than

C)that          D)but

25．Society no longer looks upon divoice ______ it did a century ago．

A)no way       B)any way

C)a way        D)the way

第十五讲 It的用法

I.             学习重点

虚义it和先行it

It is / was+被强调成分+that / who…句型

疑问词+is / was it+that…句型

Ⅱ．重点讲解

为了强调句子的某一成分，常用强调句型“It is/was…that / who…”句型。 

Ⅲ．自测题

1．It was with great joy ______ he received the news that he had been enrolled into the university．

A)since    B)so

C)that    D)as

2．It is ______ that likes swimming．

A)I           B)me

C)him         D)he

3．It was not until 1997 ______ I was interested in studying English．

A)when    B)what

C)that    D)since

4．It was ______ did it．

A)I whom    B)me whom

C)I who    D)me who

5．______ he’s doing is spoiling the whole thing．

A)That    B)How

C)Why    D)What

6． ______ is it that makes him always ready to help others?

A) What    B) Which

C) When    D) How

7．It was ______ he bought the book．

A)from a second-hand store where

B)a second-hand store in which

C)in a second-hand store that

D)a second-hand store from where

8．It was ______ the telephone rang．

A)when she was about to go out when

B)when she was about to go out where

C)that she was about to go out that

D)when she was about to go out that

9．It was in Germany ______ Einstein spent his childhood．

A)where    B)in which

C)that    D)during the time

10．It was ______ late in the evening that Tom returned home．

A)before    B)when

C)till    D)not until

11．It was ______ that he went out．

A)although it was raining    B)though it was raining

C)since it was raining       D)when it was raining

12．______ absent from class today?

A)It is why she is         B)It is why is she

C)Why it is that is she    D)Why is it that she it

13．Where ______ the first time?

A)was it that they met     B)was it that did they meet

C)was it where they met    D)was it that did they met

14．______ devised the automatic production line?

A)Who was it that        B)Whom was it that

C)Who it was that he     D)Whom was it that him

15．______ Tom gave Jane a handbag．

A)It was at Christmas when

B)It is at Christmas where

C)It was at Christmas since

D)It may have been at Christmas that

16．It is only when we look back on the past that______appreciate the great advances_____during this century．

A) can we…makes      B) we can …to be made

C) we can…made       D) can we…have made

17．It was between 1937 and 1945______Chinese people had a war against Japan．

A) when our    B) that our

C) that we    D) which

18．It______Shakespeare______the English language is so rich today．

A) is thanks to…that    B) is thanks to …who

C) thanks to…whom       D) was thanks to…that

19．More often it is the President,and not the members of his cabinet,______the populace．

A) who appeal to      B) to whom appeal to

C) whom appeals to    D) who appeals to

20．_______the Europeans began to learn how to use the compass on their ships．

A) It was not until the 12th century when

B) Hardly it was the 12th century than

C) No sooner it was the 12th century when

D) It was not until the 12th century that

第十六讲关系从句

I.学习重点

关系代词的选用

关系副词的选用

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

“介词十关系代词”的用法

Ⅱ．重点讲解

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句，又叫作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的

名词或代词叫先行词。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从

句一般放在先行词之后。

Ⅲ．自测题

1．Mont Blanc,______we visited last summer,is the highest mountain in Europe．

A) where        B) that

C) what         D) which 

2．The University is different from______it was before．

A) that          B) which

C) one           D) what 

3．Watch the boy and the dog______are crossing the bridge．

A) who           B) which

C) that          D) whom 

4．He is the best man______I have ever seen．

A) whom          B) who

C) that          D) which 

5．He failed his exam,______proves that he wasn’t working hard enough．

A) what           B) of which

C) which          D) this 

6．His brother had become a teacher,______he wanted to be. 

A) which          B) that

C) who            D) as 

7．The Astronomical Association______，meets once a week．

A) which I am a member

B) of which I am a member

C) ,which I am a member

D) ,of which I am a member 

8． We’ve just installed a central heating, ______ should make a tremendous difference to the house next winter．

A) what           B) it

C) that           D) which 

9． The days ______ you could travel without a passport are a thing of the past．

A) whenever    B) wherever

C) on which    D) in which 

10．The fire started on the first floor of the hospital,many of ______ patients are elderly and infirm(体弱的).

A) whose         B) which

C) its           D) their 

11．The argumentative form of writing is one ______ problems are discussed．        A)of which          B) in which

C) which            D) that 

12．I hope that the little ______ has been of some use．

A) which I have been able to do

B) that I have been able to do

C) ,that I have been able to do

D) what I have been able to do 

13．Dante, ______ in the thirteenth century,was an outstanding Italian poet．

A) who was born      B) that was born

C) which was born    D) whom was born 

14．The man, ______ is parked in front of our house,is a famous physician in this town．

A) the red car of which    B) of whom the red car

C) who’s red car          D) whose red car 

15．The United States is composed of fifty states,______ are separated from the others by land or water．

A) two of these    B) of whom two

C) two of which    D) two of who 

16． I know of a compound ______ structure is like this．

A) whose      B) that

C) which      D) of whom 

17．Hangzhou,______ we spent last spring,is one of the most beautiful cities in China．

A) which           B) that

C) where           D) when 

18． The size of the audience, ______,was well over twenty thousand．

A) whom we had expected    B) as we had expected

C) what we had expected     D) we had expected 

19．The meeting is put off till next month, ______．

A) what is it exactly what we want

B) which is exactly what we want

C) though it is exactly what do we want

D) being it exactly what we want 

20．That is the place ______ when he was there．

A) in where he lived    B) in which he lived in

C) which he lived in    D) he lived 

21．There is no one of us ______ to go．

A) but wishes    B) whoever wishes

C) but wishing    D) whom wish 

22．The time will come ______ man can fly to ______ he likes in the universe．

A) how;where      B) when;wherever

C) where;where    D) what;which 

23．Do you know the student ______?

A) whom I often talk    B) with who I often talk

C) I often talk with    D) that I often talk 

24．There are few areas in the world ______ be grown successfully．

A) where apricots can    B) that apricots

C) apricots that can     D) where can apricots 

25．Caves and hollow trees are not the only places ______．

A) where are found bats     B) where bats are found in

C) where bats are found     D) in which bats to find 

26．This was the place ______ last year．

A) which I visited    B) where I visited

C) when I visited     D) in which I visited 

27．Larry Chan ______， was here yesterday．

A) whom we had heard so much

B) ,about whom we had heard so much

C) ,whom we had heard so much

D) about whom we had heard so much 

28． The audience, ______,enjoyed the performance very much．

A) most of them were students

B) most of whom were students

C) most of which were students

D) most of whom being students 

29．That tree, ______ are almost bare,is a very old one．

A) whose branches        B) its branches

C) which’s branches    D) on which the branches 

30．He studied hard at school when he was young ______ contributes to his success in later life．

A) , which          B) that

C) which            D) so that 

31．My eldest sister ______ is now studying in the University．

A) who is twenty       B) , who is twenty,

C) ,that is twenty,    D) whose age is twenty, 

32．Mr Smith will move into his new house next Monday,______ it will be completely finished．

A) by that time    B) by which time

C) by then         D) by the time 

33．The reason ______ he gives for not coming is that his mother wont let him．

A) for which      B) which

C) why            D) about which 

34．Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions,______ have been mentioned in previous pages．

A) a few of it      B) a few of that

C) a few of them    D) a few of which 

35．The ______ why Elaine didn’t turn up was not made clear．

A) cause    B) reason

C) matter    D) excuse 

36．She has made another wonderful discovery,_______ of great importance to science．

A) of which I think     B) I think which is

C) which I think is     D) which it is 

37．A harvester is a machine _______ we harvest crops or a person ______ is harvesting．

A) which.......who       B) with which.......who

C) that.......that       D) that.......who

38． The buses,_______ were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd．

A) most of that        B) which most

C) most of which       D) that most 

39． Never say anything behind a person’s back _______ you wouldn’t say to his face．

A) which         B) what

C) that          D) as 

40． The passengers and the suitcases _______ were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane．

A) who          B) which

C) that         D) what 

41． She spent all evening talking about her latest book,_______ none of us had ever heard．

A) of what         B) which

C) of which        D) that 

42． An element is a substance all of _______ atoms have the same atomic number．

A) that           B) what

C) whose          D) which 

43． Do you know the blacksmith,two sons _______ died in the Civil War?

A) which          B) of whom

C) whom           D) of which 

44． The doctors all blamed the irresponsible boy _______ to protect the little girl．

A) it was he that was         B) it was whose duty

C) whose duty was it          D) whose duty it was 

45． Such people _______ you described are rare nowadays．

A) who             B) which

C) as              D) that





第十七讲名词性从句

I.学习重点

主语从句

宾语从句

同位语从句

表语从句

Ⅱ．重点讲解

在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中所起的语法作用，又

分为主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。

Ⅲ．自测题

1．We do ______ our motherland asks us to do．

A) that     B) whichever     C) whatever    D) all over

2．It is strange ______ she did not come yesterday．

A) what    B) that     C) wherever     D) whenever

3．You should understand that our principle is ______ the Party commands the gun．

A) as if    B) what   C) how    D) that

4．The story is about ______ a nineyearold boy managed to save a fiveyearold girl in a traffic accident．

A)how   B)what    C)however    D)why

5．It is essential ______ everybody ______ what to do．

A) that;know       B) when;know

C) that;knows      D) when;knows

6．______ water is essential to life is common sense．

A) What    B) Which    C) That    D) Whether

7．It ______ I remembered the address．

A) happened when      B) will happen when

C) happened tha       D) happens that

8．______ the ship sank has been a mystery．

A) What     B) As    C)Why    D)Since

9．It doesn’t make any difference to me ______．

A) that you say        B) what you say

C) in that you say     D) for what you say

10．I can’t figure out ______ all of her information means．

A) what    B) nearly    C) that    D) those

11．He gave ______ came to the door a winning smile．

A) all    B) those    C) whom    D) whoever

12．The point ______ will go,but who will stay．

A) who         B) is not who

C) that is     D) to who

13．He paid no attention to the doctors recommendation ______ smoking．

A) that he stopped      B) why he would stop

C) how he had stopped   D) that he stop

14． We have to face the fact ______ most of us have been brought up to consume certain foods and we stick to them all our lives．

A) that           B) which

C) for what       D) for that

15． ______ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known．

A) As     B) Since     C) Although    D) When

16．Everybody is ______ all military adventures by the superpowers are doomed to failure．

A) conscious of the fact that     B) conscious of that

C) conscious of                   D) known that

17．He knew nothing about her journey ______ she was likely to be away for two months．

A) except for         B) except

C) except that        D) except this that

18．— I don’t like your attitude．  

— I don’t care ______．

A) if or not you like it       B) do you like it or not

C) whether you like it or not  D) you like it or not

19．Things are not always ______ they seem to be．

A) since    B) as    C) for   D) that

20．I consider ______ that I should do my best to help them．

A) my duty           B) what my duty

C) to be my duty     D) it my duty

21．______ doctors can save the man’s life．

A) It is unlikely whoever      B) It is unlikely that

C) It is unlikely whomever     D) That is unlikely that

22．I ______ they were not coming．

A) took it for granted that   B) took for granted how

C) took for granted that      D) taking to the fact that 

23．He got up too late with the result ______ he missed the morning train．

A) when B) how C) why D)that 

24．The reason I did not go to France was ______ a new job．

A) because I got   B) due to

C) because of getting   D) that I got 

25．There are many reasons ______ I can’t help you．

A) that     B) why     C) for      D) to 

26．It is a wonder to me ______ they survived the earthquake．

A) where    B) why    C) what    D) that 

27．When we are frightened and worried,our bodies produce certain chemicals

to help us fight ______ troubling us．

A) how is that     B) which is

C) what is       D) whichever 

28． My father was sure ______ I would overcome my fears．

A) that   B) what   C) as   D) which 

29． Are you certain that this is ______ in his speech?

A) Mr Lee stressed       B) what Mr Lee has stressed

C) Mr Lee has stressed   D) which Mr Lee has stressed 

30．The time for the general offensive was approaching．The commander’s order soon came ______ all civilians evacuate(撤离) the village．

A) that    B) when   C) before    D) as 

31． He wondered what _______．

A) will be his wife’s reaction

B) would be his wife’s reaction

C) would his wife’s reaction be

D) his wife’s reaction would be 

32． Has _______ been settled who will be sent to carry out the task?

A) it                   B) that

C) which                 D) what 

33． _______it will do us harm or good remains to be seen．

A) If                 B) Whether

C) That               D) Which 

34． The old lady told her sufferings to _______ she met．

A) whoever          B) whom that

C) whomever         D) whichever 

35． _______as much as onefourth of all timber harvested is not used．

A) They are estimated B) They estimating that

C) It is estimated that D) The estimation that 

36． _______ is related to illness is not a new discovery．

A) The food         B) That food

C) What food        D) Which food 

37． I’m fully confident _______ you can overcome those difficulties．

A) that               B) why

C) which              D) if 

38． It is the firm belief of astronomers _______ there are living creatures on other planets．

A) which             B) where

C) that              D) what 

39． _______ such a total wreck seems miraculous．

A) The driver could surviveB) That the driver survived

C) When the driver survivedD) Why the driver survived 

40． Many newspapers printed the governor’s statement _______ would support a tax cut．

A) and he                 B) which he

C) therefore he           D) that he



第十八讲状语从句

I.学习重点

时间状语从句

地点状语从句

原因状语从句

让步状语从句

条件状语从句

目的状语从句

比较状语从句

方式状语从句

程度/结果状语从句

Ⅱ．重点讲解

在句子中起状语作用的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句可位于主句前(通常用逗号与主句隔开)

，也可位于主句之后(不需用逗号隔开)。状语从句可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、

方式、比较、目的和结果等意义。不同的状语从句要求用不同的从属连词或相当于从属连词

的词组引出。因此，可以说，掌握状语从句用法的关键在于熟记引导各种状语从句的从属连

词和词组。

Ⅲ．自测题

1．______ we have all the material ready,we should begin the new task at once．A) Since that       B) Since then

C) By now           D) Now that 

2．______ you go, ______ you do,I will be right here waiting for you．

A) Whatever;wherever     B) Wherever；whatever

C) Whenever;whichever    D) Where ；what 

3．Take this baggage and ______ you can find enough space．

A) put it which place    B) put it wherever

C) put it which          D) put it there 

4．______ nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip．

A) Seen that       B) Seeing that

C) So              D) When 

5．It was ______ everyone went to the beach．

A) such a hot weather so            B) such hot weather that

C) a hot enough weather so that     D) a very hot weather 

6．We had to put the meeting off ______ so many comrades were absent．

A) unless            B) since

C) as far as         D) though 

7．The fuel must have been finished, ______ the engine stopped．

A) since           B) as

C) because         D)for 

8．______,Betty did not accept Bert’s proposal．

A) A fool though he is     B) Fool what he were

C) A fool since he was     D) Fool that he is 

9．I can’t altogether agree ______．

A) while you may be right    B) though you may be right

C) while you were right      D) while you are right 

10．______, he could not solve the problem at once．

A) Whenever he were here    B) Though were he here

C) Even if he were here     D) Whether he were 

11．You can come with me to the museum ______ you don’t mind walking for half an hour．

A) so far as           B) unless

C) except              D) if 

12．______ that factory was set up,my brother has been  an engineer there．

A) While               B) Since

C) Till                D) Whenever 

13．The more I looked at the painting in water colours,______．

A) the more I liked it    B) more I liked it

C) I liked it more        D) it looked better 

14．We won’t change our minds ______ happens．

A) which            B) it

C) however          D) whatever 

15．He had to borrow a little money from his uncle ______ he could finish his education without working．

A) when            B) that

C) so that         D) in order to 

16．It was ______ a hundred people could live in it．

A) too large room that       B) so a large room that

C) such large a room that    D) so large a room that 

17．Some of the stars are ______ far away ______ it is impossible for us to

measure them．

A) such.......that        B) so.......that

C) too.......that         D) too.......enough

18．______ he had discovered his error,he made the necessary correction of

his data．

A) As soon as           B) In order that

C) No matter how        D) Even if 

19．______ people say, I am sure that he is innocent．

A) Whoever             B) Whatever

C) However             D) Whenever 

20．You will be welcomed no matter ______ you come．

A) how               B) what

C) when              D) who 

21．The student puts up his hand ______ I ask a question．

A) all time           B) every time

C) by the time        D) in time 

22．It was necessary to extend the factory building ______ the company was doing more and more business．

A) until              B) lest

C) although           D) as 

23．______ we have no money,we can’t buy the freezer．

A) However            B) Since

C) For                D) Because of 

24．Peter worked hard day and night ______ he could pay for the lost car．

A) in order that      B) as long as

C) the moment         D) not until 

25．______difficult it may be,we can finish it in time．

A) Whatever           B) No matter who

C) No matter how     D) No matter what 

26． They didn’t allow their son to swim in the sea _______ he might have an accident some day．

A) so that            B) besides

C) otherwise          D) for fear that 

27． _______ the dictionary,he could not afford to buy it．

A) He liked very much      B) As he liked much

C) Much as he liked        D) Liked as he 

28． There are _______ few schools in that area that they cannot enroll

_______ many students．

A) such...so            B) so...so

C) such...such            D) so...such

29． _______ the Atlantic Ocean crosses the equator,the trade winds cause a flow of water to the west．

A) Where              B) That

C) And                D) At 

30． _______ that there was no possibility of avoiding a crash,the fishermen decided to dive into the sea．

A) because of         B) Owing to

C) Seeing             D) As a result 

31． He had _______ education when young owing to his poor family background that he finds that he is not up to his present job．

A) such a little         B) so little an

C) such little           D) so little 

32． _______ I sympathize with you,I’m afraid there is little I can do．

A) No matter             B) While

C) If                    D) Because 

33． _______,he never helps the poor．

A) As he is rich     B) He,though is rich

C) Rich as he is     D) He is rich 

34． You can fly to London this evening _______ you don’t mind changing

planes in Paris．

A) so far as             B) unless

C) provided              D) except 

35． They went _______ they could find work．

A) the place             B) that

C) wherever              D) and 



第十九讲倒装句

I.学习重点

以so / neither / nor / no more开头的倒装句

以only强调状语的倒装句

以否定词开头的倒装句

省略了if的倒装的虚拟条件从句

there be存在倒装句

as / though引导的倒装的让步状语从句

as 引导的倒装的原因状语从句

so / such…that引导的程度 / 结果状语从句

however引导的让步状语从句

以表示“地点”的介词短语开头的倒装句

以be开头的让步状语从句

动词原形+疑问词+主语+may / will表示的让步状语从句

程度 / 频度状语在句首的倒装句

V-ing形式 ／ V-ed形式在句首的倒装句

Ⅱ．重点讲解

英语最基本的语序是“主语+谓语动词”，这叫作正常语序或自然语序。如果谓语动词放到

主语之前，这就是倒装。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，就形成全部倒装；如果只是把助动词放在主语之前，这称为部分倒装。倒装的原因有两个：语法的需要和修辞的需要。英语

倒装句是历年英语考试的重点之一。



Ⅲ．自测题

1．______ the first to use nuclear weapons．

A) Will China never be    B) At no time will China be

C) Never China will be    D) At no time China will be

2．Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a sound conclusion．

A) you will    B) you can

C) can you    D) would you

3．Hardly ever ______ get a good job these days without a good education.

A) have people    B)people can

C) people might    D) do people

4．Only yesterday ______ what was going on．

A) did I realize    B) had I realized

C) I realized       D) I did realize

5．Under no circumstances ______ cheques．

A) we can accept    B) can we accept

C) we will accept    D) we could accept

6．Hardly ______ when I had a new problem to cope with．

A) had I arrived    B) I had arrived

C) have I arrived    D) I arrived

7．Wood does not conduct electricity,______．

A) so doesn’t rubber    B) also doesn’t rubber

C) nor does rubber       D) nor rubber does

8．I failed to catch the train,______．

A)so Mary did        B) so did Mary

C)neither did Mary    D) neither Mary did

9．______,you won’t be able to do it alone．

A)However you try hard    B)You try hard however

C)However hard you try    D)Hard you try however

10．By no means ______ create or destroy energy．

A) we can    B) we can’t

C) can we    D) shall we

11．Rarely ______ such a silly thing．

A) have I heard of         B) I have been heard of

C) have I been heard of    D) I have heard of

12．No sooner had they heard the alarm ______ to the fire spot．

A) when they rushed      B) than did they rush

C) when did they rush    D) than they rushed

13．Not until 1876 ______．

A) was the first turbine engine invented

B) the first turbine engine was invented

C) the first turbine engine had been invented

D) had the first turbine engine been invented

14． Scarcely ______ when the assassins shot him down．

A) he did finish his election address

B) had he finished his election address

C) did he finish his election address

D) he had finished his election address

15． Not once ______ his view of life．

A) the gentleman mentioned that

B) has the gentleman being mentioned

C) did the gentleman mention

D) the gentleman mentioned

16． ______, I must do another experiment．

A) So late it be ever     B) Be it ever so late

C) It is ever so late     D) It be ever so late

17． ______ run fast．

A) Not every horse can    B) Not can every horse

C) Not every horse        D) Not does every horse

18．So ______ that his father gave him permission．

A) earnest did the boy beg    B) earnest the boy begged

C) earnestly did the boy beg    D) earnestly the boy begged

19．So ______ that it is hard for us to imagine its speed．

A) fast light travels    B) fast does light travel

C) light travels fast     D) does light travels fast

20．To such lengths ______ with his dirty stories that everybody began to be disgusted．

A) did he go     B) he did go

C) he went       D) had he went

21． ______in your place, I would give it up early．

A) Was I     B) I was

C) Were I    D) I were

22． ______ is the volume of chemical goods．

A) Constantly growing too    B) Too constantly growing

C) Growing constantly too    D) Too growing constant

23．Not only ______ affected by the new law．

A) are men but also are women    B) are men but also women

C) men but also are women        D) men but also women are

24． Little difficulty ______ in performing the operation．

A) we met          B) we met with

C) did we meet     D) did not we meet with

25．To this class of substances ______ glass,wood,etc．

A) is belong    B) are belonged to

C) belong       D) belongs

26．What Tom did was important,but ______．

A) more important the way of he did things was

B) the way of he did things was more important

C) more important was the way he did things

D) more important the way were he did things

27．Don’t be disappointed．You can’t do it, ______ anybody else．

A) neither can I,nor can     B) nor can I,nor can

C) nor can I,neither can    D) neither can I,nor can

28．Come and work for our company．Nowhere else ______ such a good place to develop your knowledge．

A) can you find     B) you find

C) you can find     D) find you

29． If my husband refuses to sign the papers,______．

A) neither will I    B) I will so

C) neither I will    D) so will I

30． ______ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work．

A) There existed     B) It existed

C) There had         D) They had

31． ______,it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with lazer．

A) As diamond is hard     B) Although hard diamond is

C) Hard as diamond is     D) However diamond is hard

32． ______,I will learn it well．

A) However difficult English is

B) No matter how difficult is English

C) However English is difficult

D) No matter how English is difficult

33． ______ received law degrees as today．

A) Never so many women have 

B) Never have so many women

C) Women so many have never 

D) Women who have never

34． ______ will Mr．Forbes be able to regain control of the company．

A) Only with hard work    B) Only if he works hardly

C) With hard work         D) In spite of his hard work

35． ______ the serious consequences of the accident．

A) Nothing did she realize      B) Little did she realize

C) Never she realized           D) Ever she realized

36．_______in the hospital that he paid no attention to the sufferings in the wards．

A)He had worked too many years

B)For so many years he had worked

C)For so many years had he worked

D)For many years had he worked

37．Very important in the farmers life_______．

A)the radio weather reports is

B)the radio weather report are

C)is the radio weather report

D)are the radio weather report

38．_______to all these distractions was the constant road noise from highways．

A)Adding              B)Added

C)To add              D)Having added

39．Three miles away from the sea______which used to be a paradise of migratory birds．

A )the farm lay       B)lay the farm

C)did the farm lie    D)the farm did lie

40．Only in recent years when the global climate is becoming warmer and warmer_____to notice the grave situation of the atmosphere．

A)people have begun    B)that people began

C)have people begun    D)and people do begin