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初一英语重要知识点(三)

 MouseHappy 2012-08-23

初中学习资料-英

41. 数词:基数词,序数词
1).
基数词:eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, nineteen, twenty,    twenty-one, forty, fifty, ninety, hundred, thousand, million
156: one hundred and fifty-six
1980: one thousand nine hundred and eighty
(数字), nineteen eighty(时间)
5千:5 thousand thousands of :成千上万 (×) 5 thousands5 thousand of
2).
编号:第一课 Lesson One the first lesson 第三单元 Unit 3the third unit
608
房间 Rom 608 温陵路16 16 Wenlin Road
3).
序数词:first, second, third, fourth, fifth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first, one-hundredth, one hundred and first
4).
分数:基数词+序数词(s) 1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds 1/2 one-half 3/4 three-quarters three-fourths
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42. 时间表达法
1).
一年12个月:January, February, March, April, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
2).
月,日,年或日,月,年,其中日用序数词表达:

199096 September 6th, 1990. 念做:September the sixth, nineteen ninety. 6th September. 1990 念做:the sixth of September, nineteen ninety
3).
钟点表达法:

915分:nine fifteen fifteen past nine

9点半 nine thirty half past nine

1145分:eleven forty-five fifteen to twelve
4).
年代表达法:

in the 1960s在二十世纪60年代
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43.价格的表达法
1). We have great bags for just 4 yuan.
我们有很好的包,就4元钱。
2). buy sth for six dollars. (= buy sth at six dollars.)
6美元买某物
3). pay…for: Tom paid 10 yuan for the book.
汤姆花了10元钱买这本书。
4). spend…on(in doing )…

 Kate spent 150 yuan on the new skirt( in buying the new skirt). 凯特花了150元买了这条新裙子。
5). at a very good price
用一个很好的价位
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44. each, every:每个都
1) each可以当主语等,也可以当定语;each更侧重于个体;

Each has his/her hobby. 每一个人都有他/她的嗜好。

Each of the students was asked a question. 每一个学生都被问了一个问题。We each have a school ID card. 我们每个人都有一个校卡。

Each guest was given a nice present. 每一位宾客都受赠一份精美的礼物。
2) every
只能充当定语,侧重于整体:I know every teacher. 我认识每个老师。 Every man has his weak side. 每个人都有弱点。
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45. 反身代词:

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,themselves
Be careful with that knife, or you’ll cut yourself.
小心点用刀子,否则你会切着你自己。
We can’t leave grandparents by themselves.
我们不能把这个爷爷奶奶单独留下。
Please help yourselves to some fish.
孩子们,请随便吃些鱼吧。
We enjoyed ourselves in Mary’s party yesterday.
在昨天瑪丽的聚会上我们玩得很开心。
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46. and, but ,or
1). and:
并列,肯定

如:I like thrillers and I like actions movies. 我喜欢恐怖片,而且我也喜欢动作片。

Work hard, and you’ll catch up with others. 努力点,你就会赶上其他同学。
2). or,
否定连接词

There is no air or water on the moon. 月球上没有空气和水。

Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点,否则我们就会迟到的。
3). but
用于转折

Maria likes comedies, but she doesn’t like soap opera. 瑪丽亚喜欢喜剧片,但她不喜欢肥皂剧。

-Excuse me. Do you have a table for two -I'm sorry but there aren't any seats nowWould you mind waiting for a while? 请问,有没有两个人的桌子?对不起,现在没有位置。稍等一会介意吗?
4). -I don’t like chicken or fish. –I don’t like chicken, but I like fish very much.
我不喜欢鸡肉和鱼。 我也不喜欢鸡肉,但是我很喜欢鱼。
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47. make a …of…
1). Make a list of food to buy.
列个要卖的食品清单Make a list of books. 一个图书的清单
2). Make a note of what you buy or sell.
对你买进或卖出的东西作个记号 make notes做笔记
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48. go的短语
1). go + Ving

go shopping去购物

 go hiking去远足

go swimming去游泳

go skating去滑冰

go fishing去钓鱼

go sightseeing去观光旅游

go camping去野营

go bike riding骑自行车旅行
2). go home
回家

go to school去学校

go to a movie去看电影

go to work去上班

go to bed去睡觉

go for a drive开车兜风

go for it去努力吧

go on doing sth 继续做某事

 

49. day, date
1). date:
具体的日期,I remember the date of your birthday. 我记得你的生日。
2). day
:泛指日子,I will never forget the day when I met you. 我永远也不会忘掉我运到你的那一天。

 3). 提问日期:-What’s the date today? -It’s April 15. 今天几月几号?415

提问星期:-What day is it today? -It’s Saturday. 今天礼拜几?星期六。
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50. festival: 节日

1). 国外节日:

Christmas (圣诞节,December 25th

Christmas Eve (圣诞前夕,December 24th

Hallowmas(万圣节, November 1st

Halloween (万圣节前夕,October 31st )

Valentine’s Day (情人节,February 14th )

April Fool’s Day (愚人节,April 1st

 Mother’s Day (母亲节,the 2nd Sunday in May

2). 公共节日:

New Year’s Day (元旦)

Children’s Day (儿童节)

Women’s Day (妇女节)

Youth’s Day (青年节)

Labor’s Day (劳动节)

Army’s Day (建军节)

National Day (国庆节)

3). 中国传统节日:

Spring Festival Chinese New Year, 春节),

Mid-autumn Festival (中秋节)

4). 校园节日:art festival (艺术节)
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51. hurry 赶紧,动词,名词

1). 赶快,动词:Hurry up, there is not much time left. 快点,没有多少时间剩下了。

2). 匆忙,名词:You always seem to be in a hurry. 你看起来总是那么匆匆忙忙。
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52. people: 人,人们,集合名词,表复数概念,谓语动词用复数,还可以民族、人民。

1). 复数名词:How many people are there in your family? 你家有几口人呢?Some people like basketball and other people like football. 有些人喜欢篮球,另外一些人则喜欢足球。

2). 可数名词,the people: The Chinese is a hard-working people. 中国人是个勤劳的名族。
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53. study, learn

1). study: 学习,研究,(高层次的事物)I am studying art. 我正在学习艺术。

2). learn: 学习(侧重于技能型的事物),学会Have you learnt to swim? 你学过游泳吗?
He studied hard and at last learned the lesson.
他努力学习,最终学会了这一课。
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54.kind 种类,名词;和蔼的,形容词

1). 种类:a kind of一种 kinds of :各种各样的  What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 你喜欢哪种类型的电影?我喜欢动作片和喜剧片。

2). 和蔼的,友善的:My grandmother is a very kind woman. 我的奶奶是一个非常善良的女人。Be kind to animals. 善待动物。
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55. want to do sth. 想要做某事

1). Do you want to go to a movie? Yes, I want to see a comedy. 你想去看电影吗?是的,我想去看一部喜剧片。

2). 接动词不定式充当宾语的动词还有:would like, startbegin agreehope decideafford, agree, arrange, expect, happen, hope, learn, manage, mean, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, wish, seem等:
Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?
你愿意今晚和我一起共进晚餐吗?
I hope to go to college.
我希望上大学。
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56. let sb do sth:让某人做某事

let后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

1). Let’s play basketball. 让我们打篮球吧。Let each man decide for himself. 让每个人自己决定吧。
2). see
watchhearfeelnoticemakelethavehelp)后不带to的不定式作宾补:
They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.
他们听到他在会议室唱过流行歌曲。
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57. enjoy doing sth: 特别喜爱做某事,享受做某事的乐趣
1). The twin brother always enjoy going to the concert. 这对双胞胎总是对音乐会兴致勃勃。
2).
以下动词一般跟Ving作宾语:finish, keep, practice, mind, keep, give up, put off, practice
I practice reading English every morning.
我每天造成练习读英文。
You must give up smoking. It does no good to your health.
你必须戒烟。对健康不利。
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58. too, either, also, as well
1). too:
一般用于肯定句句末;有时也用插入句中:She likes classical music, too. 他也喜欢古典音乐。

You, too, may have a try. 你也可以试一试。
2). also:
比较正式的用法,一般用于主谓之间:He also wants to go to a movie. 他也想去看电影。
3). either:
否定的也;两者中的任何一个:If you don’t go, I won’t either. 如果你不去,我也不去。 There’s coffee and tea. You can have either . 这儿有咖啡和茶。你可以任选一种。
4). as well :
副词短语,其义为,相当于too,它一般放在句末,有时和连词andbut搭配使用。He is a workerand a poet as well. 他是工人,同时也是诗人。 Mr. Liu can speak English, but he can speak Cantonese as well.刘先生会说英语,但他也能讲广东话。
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59. look, see, watch
1). look:
看,look at sth看某物 look at the blackboard看黑板 I am looking at the picture. 我正在看图。
2). see:
看见,看的结果see a film看电影, see a doctor看医生 I looked but saw nothing. 我看了看,但没看到什么。
3). watch:
注意看的对象:watch TV看电视, watch a football game看球赛 I am watching the boy. 我注视着这孩子的行动。
4).
其他看的表达:看书read a book 看杂志:read a magazine 看杂志:read a magazine
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60. look for , find, find out
1). look for:
寻找:I am looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼镜。
2). find:
找到:My English book is lost. I have looked for it everywhere, but I still can’t find it. 我的英语书丢了, 我到处找,但是找不着。
3). find out:
查明:The police found out the thief at last. 警察最终查出了小偷。
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61. think的用法
1).
后常接that从句表明某人观点:
I think it’s necessary to do so. 我认为有必要这么做。
2).
否定的转移
I don't think you've met my daughter . 我想你大概没有见过我的女儿吧。
3).
复合句的反意疑问句的构成:取决于think的主语。当主语是第一个称(I, we)时,反意疑问句的主语应与宾语从句的主语保持一致。否则,与主句主语保持一致。
 I think he is right , isn't he ?
 We don't think you can do these exercises alone ,can you ?
 They don't think I'm right , do they ?
4).
双重疑问句, 也就是do you think的插入语,原来的疑问句当作有do you think的从句处理(即疑问词+do you think +主语+…
 Which of them do you think is the most useful invention? 什么是你认为最有用的发明?
 What do you think we should do to work out the problem? 你认为我们该怎么解决这问题呢?
5). Sb + think + it + adj. + (for sb) + to do sth.
 I think it important for us to learn english well. 我认为对我们来说学好英语很重要。
6). think of :
想及,考虑,想出
 I'm thinking of studying medicine .我正考虑学医。
 What do you think of the movie? 这部电影怎样?
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62. finish: 完成,结束
1). What time does the movie finish?
电影什么时候结束?Classes finish at half past eleven. 11点半下课。
2). finish doing sth: I have finished writing the English composition.
我写完了英语作文。
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63. same, different
1). same:
同样的,the same, at the same time(同时), the same as…
 We have lived in the same house for 3 years. 我们住在同一栋楼3年了。
The boy has made the same mistake as last time.
那个男孩犯了和上次同样的错误。
2). different:
后常接名词复数, 常与介词from连用:
We study in the same school but different classes. 我们在同一所学校读书,但不同班级。City life is very different from country life. 城市生活和乡村生活很不一样。
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64. favorite: 特别喜爱的
 -What’s your favorite sport? -My favorite sport is volleyball. 我最喜爱的运动是排球。
 Oranges are my favorite fruit. 桔子是我特别喜爱的。
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65. listen(to) ,hear, sound
1). listen:
听,They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他们停下来听,但是没有更多的声音。
2). hear:
听到 Can you hear what I said? 你能听到我所说的话吗?
3). sound:
听起来 The idea sounds great. 这个主意听起来不错。
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66. in构成的短语
in the 17th century
在第十七世纪

in the past fifty years 在过去的五十年里

in a minute 一会儿,立刻

in a month 一个月后

in life 一生中

in the day 在白天

in the end 最后,终于

in time 及时
in school
在学校

in space 在空间

in the middle of ……当中

in the north (south) 在北(南)方

in front of ……前面

in hospital 住院

in public 当众,公开地

in the sky 在天上

in the street 在街上

in the tree 在树上

in town 在镇上

in those days 在那些日子里

in trouble 处于困境(苦恼)中
in a word
总结

in fact 事实上

in some ways 从某种方式上来说

in a hurry 匆忙
in a loud voice
大声地

in a low voice 低声地

in English 用英语

in order to 为了

in surprise 惊奇地
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67. a few, a little, few, little
1). a few:
几个,修饰可数名词 There are a few mistakes in your test paper. 你的考卷上有几个地方的错误。
2). a little:
一点,修饰不可数名词 Don’t be so nervous. We still have a little time. 不要这么紧张,我们还有一些时间。
3). few:
几乎没有,修饰可数名词:The text is quite easy, there is few new words in it. 这篇文章不难,没有什么新单词。
4). Little:
几乎,不可数 Although he 's wealthyhe spends little on  clothes. 虽然他很富有,他花很少前在衣服上。
68. success, successful, secceed
1). success:
成功(名词)

If you want to be a success in business you must be aggressive.
如果你想在生意上获得成功,你必须有点闯劲。
2). successful:
成功的(形容词)

Li An is a successful movie director. 李安是个成功的电影导演。
3). succeed:
成功(动词)

I am sure she will succeed. 我相信她会取得成功的。
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69. speak, say, tell, talk
1). speak: +
语言;不及物动词:
What language does Bill speak? He speaks Spanish.
比尔说什么语言?西班牙语。
The baby can’t speak.
这个小婴儿还不会说话。Who is going to speak at the meeting?
2). say:
及物动词,表示说话的内容, say sth to someone, say to on allowScriptAccess="never" allowNetworking="internal" wmode="transparent"eself
 When you want someone to help you, you should say “Please” to him.   

当你想要别人来帮你时,你应该对他说
 It is said that it will be fine tomorrow.
据说明天会天晴。
3). tell: tell sb sth;

tell sb to do sth;

tell jokes(笑话)storieslies(撒谎)the truth(真相)
 Please tell your parents the good news.
请把这个好消息告诉你的父

母亲。
4). talk:
谈论,不及物动词,talk to/with sb, talk about sth
 We are talking with them about the way of learning English.
我们一直在和他们讨论学英语的方法。

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