历年中考英语出现频率较高的知识点
1.stop to do sth. 和stop doing sth.
“stop to do sth。” 表示停止做其它事情而去做“to do sth。”所表示的事情,可以将“to do sth。”理解成“stop”的目的状语;“stop doing sth。”表示不做“doing sth。”所表示的事情。
例如: “Stop talking. Let’s begin our class。” said the teacher. 老师说:“别说话了,让我们开始上课。” / N* D6 j/ f$ M) W# [ % s' v/ b& a' T We have kept doing our homework for a long time. Let’s stop to listen to music. 我们做家庭作业很长时间了,让我们停下来听听音乐。 ! {, _8 g" ^4 `4 t c/ y' |# x. H% `3 m
2.forget to do sth。和forget doing sth. (remember to do sth. 和remember doing sth。)
“forget to do sth。”表示将来不要忘记做某事,谈的是未来的事情;“forget doing sth。”表示忘记过去应该做的事情。 : q4 Z ~2 G. I5 l 例如: “Don’t forget to do your homework。” said the teacher before the class was over. , J6 c' }# _1 y) L. y8 ] , j. a) O, _/ u- _: J 老师在下课前说:“不要忘记做家庭作业。”
“I’m sorry. I forgot doing my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon, Mr. Chen?” said Li Ming. ) e. s, V- \) A3 U* G/ _+ d 李明说:“对不起,我忘记做家庭作业了。我今天下午交好吗,陈老师?”
3.have sth. done。(过去分词)(让别人)做某事
例如:I had my hair cut yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午理了发。 ! ?* k% o+ J4 m, a! N5 F; t _
My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的电脑有故障了,我必须让人修好它。 ) T" a% J! V& j+ c- d8 m& ?; D 9 c/ W' a1 n# C9 F 4. 感官动词后接不带to的不定式或者现在分词的区别 % n L# [0 y. Q1 Y% n* v5 t7 C; d
例如:see sb. do sth。看见某人(经常)做某事 和see sb. doing sth。看见某人(正在)做某事 , C" I8 {7 z' a$ c! J9 I / n! C7 F. x+ X3 h I often see him do exercise in the morning. 我经常在早晨看见他锻炼身体。 % @3 D" d6 ], m T
When I was walking in the park, I saw him drawing a picture there. 当我在公园散步的时候,我看见他正在那里画画。 ; I8 ]* V1 c( C. g1 m ) L# h3 O: l5 ?' _8 }! r m5 L) ~ 5. 在主动语态中,感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch等)和使役动词(make, have, let等)要求接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,而在被动语态里,不定式要带上to。 3 P% D& ~* l0 s% ~ $ U% m2 L, ~6 v$ v/ k 例如:The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day. 5 B1 g3 H5 m S i( F/ c The workers were made to work 10 hours a day. 7 E) C" s) V+ B6 D# ~ I : o( O" o4 P4 Y$ j She was heard to use strong language. 听说她骂人了。
6.常用的几个和不定式有关的句型: 7 w9 S7 _* @7 n: X' H, I Why not do sth? 为什么不做某事? + e8 B# _" X6 R It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人多长时间。 % c" N& j+ M' G: E1 ]& \ z( `
It is/was +形容词+(for sb。) +to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)怎么样。 ' Z2 ?0 n9 ^, e
7. 介词后面一般接动名词。同学们要特别注意介词to和不定式符号to的区别,例如下面的词组一定要记清:
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做……不喜欢做…… . ]4 b2 E4 _6 G) p; [- b $ v& A* X4 w' {! Q9 E( {- [ look forward to doing sth. 期待/盼望做某事 . [ B8 q( ^! E8 { 4 `" h4 a7 X" ?0 e; Z make a contribution to doing sth. 为……做出贡献 , j$ Q* P( C% \+ T! @2 L/ J/ _
8. 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别 0 b% g f5 m v5 g9 e: W/ F - X4 Q, o0 z* A6 q# b0 c2 A6 [ A. 现在分词含有正在进行的意思,而过去分词含有被动或者已经完成的意思,如:
a developing country 发展中国家 a developed country 发达国家 % _3 t3 I- P* a" m4 T# z boiling water 正在沸腾的水(一般情况下水温为100℃) boiled water 开水(已经烧开的水,水温可以依然很高,也可以是凉白开) 4 m+ p, g# a) W1 z9 r2 C - _% i: E2 M, Q4 y$ r a boy named Jim 一个叫Jim的男孩
B. 有些动词的现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词特征,但是它们的意思有区别。它们的-ing形式往往用来说明事物的特征;他们的-ed形式表示被动的意思,用来说明人的情况。 ' l" i) ] Y" K+ I6 l" ~ X I am interested in this interesting story. 我对这个有趣的故事感兴趣。 , b+ _0 @0 T- ]
I am moved at the moving sight. 我被这动人的情景感动了。
They were amazed at the amazing facts. 他们对那些令人惊异的事实感到惊奇。 ( s- |! J/ ]- ]9 r; D4 Z 下面是一些常见的固定表达,请同学们牢记:
和to do 连用的固定搭配 4 R# g, w# t$ X& _! I* J
ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
be pleased /be glad to do sth。很高兴做某事
can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 9 p# v! T6 Z8 _% N8 y( E
can't afford to do sth. 不能担负起干某事 5 p0 C; q; F4 X5 V* @6 W3 e5 P; s" Y
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
do/try one's best to do sth。尽全力做某事
do nothing to do sth. 对……无能为力 . h8 A. s, ]+ A7 ]4 ~$ _' T 7 {9 L; a/ K, M5 c- O7 T _ deserve to do sth. 值得干某事 1 _8 `: Z1 n. v' _4 k% p# B( d, j 形容词/副词+enough to do sth. 足以做某事 ! S; {" v' i$ T3 ~1 [/ ]: v, S- ]) i encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 7 K( L7 S1 S$ |
find + it + 形容词 +to do sth. 发现做某事…… " g t7 Z% h0 s( D' B
get ready to do sth. 准备做某事 8 l2 Q1 J7 j2 a / N' O/ N0 ~$ B. |- m5 z go on to do sth. 继续做某事 {# Q# B9 u+ ^1 w( n
hope to do sth. 希望做某事 P' s8 o+ T- G ! @$ r9 H+ P& c# a2 b9 ? improve sth. to do sth. 改善/提高某物来干某事 0 k: h* C0 {. a/ p( l7 ?7 ^" N' C
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人干某事 , e6 W5 q& K$ E( L9 k8 ~+ b3 O' ~: W% V It's better to do sth. 干某事比较好 ) m7 q* J, ]- X4 H It's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了。 2 |- w g$ p9 p$ g7 I
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事…… * T [! o D" P9 K ^# E( o2 ] H0 X 7 w3 ^) ]" k. ^: m8 q. R0 w- N9 z like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 5 |# J2 S7 |! r+ a: | - `) N, |6 J( p love to do sth. 爱做某事
learn to do sth. 学会做某事 ) T9 |) U2 M& ^ C
make one's mind to do sth. 下决心做某事 + \2 }( u( L) B5 h6 a & v' w. c! k/ `9 ~# T: h make a list of five ways to do sth. 列出干某事的五种方式的清单 |
|