 Nagato (Japanese: 長門, named after Nagato province) was a battleship of the Imperial Japanese Navy, the lead ship of her class. She was the first battleship in the world to mount 16 inch (406 mm) guns, and her armour protection and speed made her one of the most powerful capital ships at the time of her commissioning. 长门（長門名字的由来为长门省），曾是日本帝国海军的战列舰，长门级战列舰的首舰。竣工后拥有当时世界最大口径的16英寸（406MM）主炮并且拥有强大的防护力和高速高机动力的战列舰，可以说是划时代的产物。  She was the flagship of Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku during the attack on Pearl Harbor. In the war she saw action only once, during the Battle of Leyte Gulf, due to the Japanese Navy's strategy of keeping major units in reserve for a decisive battle. 在太平洋战争开战时是联合舰队的旗舰及联合舰队司令长官山本五十六大将的坐舰并参加了偷袭珍珠港战役。在第二次世界大战中仅能看到它有一次出击行动,就是莱特湾海战.在太平洋战争后，长门号战舰是日本唯一幸存的并可移动的战舰. Nagato was laid down at the Kure Naval Arsenal on August 28, 1917, launched on November 9, 1919, and completed on November 15, 1920. 长门号战舰于于1917年8月28日在广岛县的吴海军工厂动工，并于1919年11月9日下水、1920年11月25日完工交舰。 She underwent a major refit in 1936, removing her coal-burning boilers and upgrading her armour and anti-aircraft guns. 长门号在1936年进行了大规模的改装，更换烧煤锅炉为新式重油锅炉。增加装甲和防空火炮. At the outbreak of World War II, Nagato, under the command of Captain Yano Hideo, and her sister ship Mutsu formed Battle Division 1. Nagato was the flagship of the Combined Fleet, flying the flag of Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku. On 2 December 1941 Nagato sent the signal Niitakayama nobore 1208 "Climb Mount Niitaka on 12/08 (Japanese Time)" that committed the Carrier Strike Force to the attack on Pearl Harbor and Japan to the Pacific War. 在第2次世界大战爆发时，长门舰的舰长为Yano Hideo，它同它的姐妹舰陆奥共同编为成第一战队。长门号曾经悬挂海军大将旗，并为海军大将山本五十六的坐舰。在1941年12月2日，由长门号上发出了（Niitakayama nobore 1208） “攀登新高山1208”的暗号电文(日本时间)，向出航的机动部队下达了攻击珍珠港的命令,从此迎来了太平洋战争. On 12 February 1942 Admiral Yamamoto transferred his flag to the new battleship Yamato. Nagato sailed with the Yamato, Mutsu, Hosho, Sendai, nine destroyers and four auxiliary ships as Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's Main Body during the Battle of Midway in June 1942 but saw no action. She returned the survivors of Kaga to Japan. 1942年2月12日，山本五十六海军大将把大将旗移至大和号，大和成为新的联合舰队旗舰。1942年6月的中途岛海战中，长门与大和，陆奥号，风翔航母，仙台号巡洋舰以及9艘驱除舰和4艘补给船虽然被编入第一战队参与战事，但是并没有进行战斗，战斗结束后收容了加贺号航母的生存者返国。 In 1943, under the command of Captain Hayakawa Mikio, Nagato was based at Truk in the Caroline Islands. After the evacuation of Truk in February 1944, she was based at Lingga near Singapore. 1943年舰长换为Hayakawa Mikio，停泊在加罗林群岛的特鲁克岛基地。在1944年2月从特鲁克岛撤退后改为停留在新加坡的林加锚地基地。 In June 1944 she took part in Operation A-Go, an attack on Allied forces in the Mariana Islands. In the battle of the Philippine Sea on 19 June 1944 she came under air attack but was not damaged. 1944年6月参加阿号(A-Go)作战，攻击在玛利亚纳群岛的登陆的美军。在19日的菲律宾海海战（马里亚纳海战）中受到空袭，但损伤轻微. In October 1944 she took part in Operation Shō-1, an attack on the Allied landings on Leyte. On 24 October 1944 in the battle of the Sibuyan Sea Nagato was attacked by several waves of American dive-bombers. At 14:16 she was hit by two bombs dropped by planes from Franklin and Cabot. The first bomb disabled a number of guns and damaged the air intake to the No. 1 boiler room, stopping one shaft for 25 minutes until the air intake was cleared. The second bomb hit the canteen and forward radio room, killing 52 and wounding 106. On 25 October the Central Force passed the San Bernardino Strait and headed for Leyte Gulf. In the battle off Samar, Nagato engaged the escort carrier and destroyers of the US Task Group 77.4.3. At 06:01 she opened fire on St. Lo, the first time she fired her guns at an enemy ship, but missed. At 06:54 the destroyer Heermann fired a spread of torpedoes at Haruna; the torpedoes missed Haruna and headed for Yamato and Nagato on parallel courses. The two battleships were forced to turn away from the action to the north for 10 miles (16 km) until the torpedoes ran out of fuel. After returning to the action, Nagato continued to engage the American carriers, firing 45 16 inch (406 mm) shells and 92 5.5 inch (140 mm) shells. At 09:10 Admiral Takeo Kurita ordered the fleet to break off the engagement and head north. At 10:20 he ordered the fleet south again, but as the fleet came under increasingly severe air attack he ordered a retreat again at 12:36. At 12:43 Nagato was hit on her bow by two bombs but the damage was not severe. As it retreated on 26 October the Japanese fleet came under continuous air attack. Nagato was attacked by dive-bombers from Hornet and hit by four bombs, suffering 38 killed and 105 wounded. In the course of the day she fired 99 16 inch (406 mm) shells and 653 5.5 inch (140 mm) shells. 1944年10月参加捷一号作战，去攻击在莱特岛登陆的美军。在10月24日锡布延海海战中，受到美军多架俯冲轰炸机的攻击。于14:16被航空母舰富兰克林（USS Franklin CV-13）及卡伯特（USS Cabot, CVL-28）的攻撃机的2枚炸彈击中。一发破坏了多座机枪和第一锅炉舱送风机，令其被迫熄火25分钟只能以三轴运转。另一发则破坏了无线电室及餐厅附近。令52名乘员死亡、106名负伤。10月25日中央主力舰队穿过San Bernardino海峡，目标为莱特湾海峡。在萨马岛海战中，长门号被任命攻击美军的 77.4.3.运输船队，其主要任务为攻击美军的护航航母。在06:01向美军航空母舰圣洛（USS St. Lo, CVE-63）进行炮击未取得战果（这次是它第一次向敌人开炮）。06:54美军驱逐舰赫尔曼(USS Heermann, DD-532)向榛名战列舰发射鱼雷，该鱼雷偏离榛名而航向大和与长门，大和两舷被鱼雷夹著且限制著回避空间，迫使两舰向北回避航行约16公里直到鱼雷燃料用尽。在返回航线后，长门的主炮及副炮继续向美军航空母舰进行炮击，共发射了45发16英寸(406mm)炮弹和92发5.5英寸(140mm)炮弹。 在09:10栗田海军中将命令中止炮击并向北方航行。10:20再次命令快速南进，但舰队遭到了激烈的空袭，在12:36再次下达撤退的命令。长门于12:43被2枚炸彈击中但损伤轻微。 10月26日撤退中，联合舰队连续遭受美军激烈的空袭。长门被大黄蜂（USS Hornet, CV-12）的俯冲轰炸机4枚炸彈击中，38名乘员阵亡及105名负伤。长门在该日共发射了99发16英寸(406mm)主炮弹及653发5.5英寸(140mm)副炮弹。 On 25 November 1944 Nagato arrived at Yokosuka, Japan for repairs. Lack of fuel and materials meant that she could not be brought back into service, and in February 1945 she was reassigned as a coastal defence ship. In June 1945 her secondary and anti-aircraft armament were moved ashore. On 18 July 1945 she was attacked at Yokusuka by fighter bombers and torpedo bombers from Essex, Randolph, Bennington, Shangri-La and Belleau Wood and hit by three bombs, one hitting the bridge and killing her commanding officer, Rear Admiral Otsuka Miki. 1944年11月25日，长门回到神奈川县横须贺港维修。但燃料、物资均不足，难以再次作远程航行。1945年2月受命执行沿岸防御任务.1945年6月将它副炮和防空火炮搬上海岸。1945年7月18日长门被美军航空母舰爱塞克斯、伦道夫、香格里拉及贝劳伍德的俯冲轰炸机和鱼雷机攻撃，并被3枚炸彈命中，舰桥遭破坏并杀死了全部的指挥官，其中有续任的舰队司令Otsuka Miki少将. On 30 August 1945, following the Japanese surrender, Nagato, the last active Japanese battleship, was boarded and secured by American sailors from the ship USS Horace A. Bass (LPR-124). 日军投降后，1945年8月30日长门被美军接收。在长门号的甲板上摆上餐桌，用来招待美军嘉瑞斯号船员(LPR-124). In March 1946 she was taken to Bikini Atoll for Operation Crossroads, a series of atomic bomb tests. On this, her last voyage, she was commanded by Captain W. J. Whipple with a United States Navy crew of about 180 men. She was in such poor repair that on the way she had to be towed to Eniwetok Atoll for emergency repairs. 1946年3月前往马绍尔群岛的比基尼岛，成为十字路口行动（美军的原子弹爆炸试验）的靶舰，舰长是W?J?惠普尔上校。随行乘载180名美国海军士兵。移动途中为进行小修理停留于恩内威塔克环礁。 (Japanese battleship Nagato after the Baker blast. Arthur Beaumont, Watercolor, 1946.) (美国画家阿瑟·贝蒙特用水彩绘出1946年战舰长门遭十字路行动试爆的最后凄凉场面。)  In the first test (ABLE, an airburst) on 1 July 1946 she was 1,640 yards from ground zero and was not severely damaged. In the second test (BAKER, an underwater explosion) on 25 July 1946 she was severely damaged, and capsized and sank five days later. 1946年7月1日进行的第一次实验（ABLE、空爆／引爆点位于预定地点上空）中，距离大约1640码，当时长门几乎无损。1946年7月25日的第二次实验（BAKER、水中引爆）中，造成长门号严重受损,5天后沉没。 生涯 Laid down: August 28, 1917 Launched: November 9, 1919 Commissioned: November 15, 1920 Struck: 15 September 1945 Status: Sunk during the second Operation Crossroads Bikini nuclear test, 25 July 1946. 动工 1917年8月28日 下水 1919年11月9日 服役 1920年11月15日 结局 1946年7月第2次核试中沉没 General Characteristics 特性 Displacement: 42,850 tons Length: 221.03 m (725 ft 2 in) Beam: 34.59 m (113 ft 6 in) Draught: 9.50 m (31 ft 2 in) Propulsion: Geared turbines, 4 shafts, 80000 hp (60 MW) Speed: 27 knots (50 km/h) Range: 5,500 nautical miles at 16 knots (10,200 km at 30 km/h) Complement: 1,368 Armament: Eight 16 inch (406 mm) guns Twenty (later eighteen) 5.5 inch (140 mm) guns Eight 5 inch (127 mm) anti-aircraft guns Up to 98 25 mm AA guns Aircraft carried: 3 满载排水量:42,850吨 长度:224.94米 阔度:34.59米 吃水:9.5米 引擎种类:蒸气涡轮引擎（4轴）引擎出力 82,000匹 极速:27节(50KM/小时) 续航距离:5,500浬（16节）,10,200公里在每小时30公里的速度 乘员:1368人 主炮:8门16英寸(406MM) 副炮:原型为20门5.5英寸炮(140MM),改装后为18门 高炮:8门5英寸(127MM)高炮,最多时为98门25MM防空炮 飞机:3架 |
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