孙子兵法TheArtofWar中英文对照
LayingPlans
孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。
SunTzusaid:TheartofwarisofvitalimportancetotheState.Itisamatteroflifeanddeath,aroadeithertosafetyortoruin.Henceitisasubjectofinquirywhichcanonnoaccountbeneglected.
故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。
Theartofwar,then,isgovernedbyfiveconstantfactors,tobetakenintoaccountinone''sdeliberations,whenseekingtodeterminetheconditionsobtaininginthefield.
Theseare:(1)TheMoralLaw;(2)Heaven;(3)Earth;(4)TheCommander;(5)Methodanddiscipline.
道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也；
TheMoralLawcausesthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler,sothattheywillfollowhimregardlessoftheirlives,undismayedbyanydanger.
天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；
Heavensignifiesnightandday,coldandheat,timesandseasons.
地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；
Earthcomprisesdistances,greatandsmall;dangerandsecurity;opengroundandnarrowpasses;thechancesoflifeanddeath.
将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；
TheCommanderstandsforthevirtuesofwisdom,sincerely,benevolence,courageandstrictness.
法者，曲制、官道、主用也。
Bymethodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions,thegraduationsofrankamongtheofficers,themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy,andthecontrolofmilitaryexpenditure.
凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。
Thesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral:hewhoknowsthemwillbevictorious;hewhoknowsthemnotwillfail.
故校之以计，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？
Therefore,inyourdeliberations,whenseekingtodeterminethemilitaryconditions,letthembemadethebasisofacomparison,inthiswise:--
将孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵众孰强？士卒孰练？赏罚孰明？吾以此知胜负矣。
(1)WhichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw?(2)Whichofthetwogeneralshasmostability?(3)WithwhomlietheadvantagesderivedfromHeavenandEarth?(4)Onwhichsideisdisciplinemostrigorouslyenforced?(5)Whicharmyisstronger?(6)Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighlytrained?(7)Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment?
BymeansofthesesevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryordefeat.
将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。
Thegeneralthathearkenstomycounselandactsuponit,willconquer:letsuchaoneberetainedincommand!Thegeneralthathearkensnottomycounselnoractsuponit,willsufferdefeat:--letsuchaonebedismissed!
计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。
Whileheadingtheprofitofmycounsel,availyourselfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumstancesoverandbeyondtheordinaryrules.
势者，因利而制权也。
Accordingascircumstancesarefavorable,oneshouldmodifyone''splans.
兵者，诡道也。
Allwarfareisbasedondeception.
故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。
Hence,whenabletoattack,wemustseemunable;whenusingourforces,wemustseeminactive;whenwearenear,wemustmaketheenemybelievewearefaraway;whenfaraway,wemustmakehimbelievewearenear.
利而诱之，乱而取之，
Holdoutbaitstoenticetheenemy.Feigndisorder,andcrushhim.
实而备之，强而避之，
Ifheissecureatallpoints,bepreparedforhim.Ifheisinsuperiorstrength,evadehim.
怒而挠之，卑而骄之，
Ifyouropponentisofcholerictemper,seektoirritatehim.Pretendtobeweak,thathemaygrowarrogant.
佚而劳之，亲而离之，
Ifheistakinghisease,givehimnorest.Ifhisforcesareunited,separatethem.
攻其无备，出其不意。
Attackhimwhereheisunprepared,appearwhereyouarenotexpected.
此兵家之胜，不可先传也。
Thesemilitarydevices,leadingtovictory,mustnotbedivulgedbeforehand.
夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！吾以此观之，胜负见矣。
Nowthegeneralwhowinsabattlemakesmanycalculationsinhistemplewherethebattleisfought.Thegeneralwholosesabattlemakesbutfewcalculationsbeforehand.Thusdomanycalculationsleadtovictory,andfewcalculationstodefeat:howmuchmorenocalculationatall!ItisbyattentiontothispointthatIcanforeseewhoislikelytowinorlose.
作战第二
II.WagingWar
孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。则内外之费，宾客之用，胶
漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。
SunTzusaid:Intheoperationsofwar,wherethereareinthefieldathousandswiftchariots,asmanyheavychariots,andahundredthousandmail-cladsoldiers,withprovisionsenoughtocarrythemathousandli,theexpenditureathomeandatthefront,includingentertainmentofguests,smallitemssuchasglueandpaint,andsumsspentonchariotsandarmor,willreachthetotalofathousandouncesofsilverperday.Suchisthecostofraisinganarmyof100,000men.
其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，
Whenyouengageinactualfighting,ifvictoryislongincoming,thenmen''sweaponswillgrowdullandtheirardorwillbedamped.Ifyoulaysiegetoatown,youwillexhaustyourstrength.
久暴师则国用不足。
Again,ifthecampaignisprotracted,theresourcesoftheStatewillnotbeequaltothestrain.
夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。
Now,whenyourweaponsaredulled,yourardordamped,yourstrengthexhaustedandyourtreasurespent,otherchieftainswillspringuptotakeadvantageofyourextremity.Thennoman,howeverwise,willbeabletoaverttheconsequencesthatmustensue.
故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。
Thus,thoughwehaveheardofstupidhasteinwar,clevernesshasneverbeenseenassociatedwithlongdelays.
夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。
Thereisnoinstanceofacountryhavingbenefitedfromprolongedwarfare.
故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。
Itisonlyonewhoisthoroughlyacquaintedwiththeevilsofwarthatcanthoroughlyunderstandtheprofitablewayofcarryingiton.
善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，
Theskillfulsoldierdoesnotraiseasecondlevy,neitherarehissupply-wagonsloadedmorethantwice.
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