再生障碍性贫血

什么是再生障碍性贫血？

Aplastic anemia (a-PLAS-tik uh-NEE-me-uh) is a blood disorder in which the body's bone marrow doesn't make enough new blood cells. Bone marrow is a sponge-like tissue inside the bones. It makes stem cells that develop into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (PLATE-lets).

再生性贫血症是一种血液身体的骨头脊髓不产生足够的新的血液细胞。骨髓是骨头内如海绵状的组织。它制造干细胞，进而变成红细胞、白细胞和血小板。

Red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of your body. They also carry carbon dioxide (a waste product) to your lungs to be exhaled. White blood cells help your body fight infections. Platelets are blood cell fragments that stick together to seal small cuts or breaks on blood vessel walls and stop bleeding.

红细胞携带氧气运送到身体的各个部位。它们也携带二氧化碳（人体废弃物）到肺部然后呼出去。白细胞能帮助身体抵抗感染。血小板是血液细胞的碎片连在一起帮助盖住小伤口或者血液组织使其停止流血。

It's normal for blood cells to die. The lifespan of red blood cells is about 120 days. White blood cells live less than a day. Platelets live about 6 days. As a result, your bone marrow must constantly make new blood cells.

血液细胞会死亡这很正常。红细胞的寿命大约是120天，而白细胞一天不到就会死亡，血小板能存活6天。因此，你的骨髓必须不断地制造新的血细胞。

If your bone marrow can't make enough new blood cells, many health problems can occur. These problems include irregular heartbeats called arrhythmias (ah-RITH-me-ahs), an enlarged heart, heart failure, infections, and bleeding. Severe aplastic anemia can even cause death. Overview

如果你的骨髓不能制造足够的血细胞，就会产生许多健康问题。这些问题包括不规律的心跳，叫心律不齐，心脏增大、心力衰竭、感染、流血。严重的再生障碍性贫血会导致死亡。

Aplastic anemia is a type of anemia. The term "anemia" usually refers to a condition in which your blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells. Anemia also can occur if your red blood cells don't contain enough hemoglobin (HEE-muh-glow-bin). This iron-rich protein helps carry oxygen to your body.

再生障碍性贫血是贫血的一种。贫血通常指你身体的血液里红细胞比正常水平低。如果红细胞里的血红蛋白不足也会导致贫血。这种富含铁的蛋白可以帮助运送氧气到身体各个部位。

In people who have aplastic anemia, the body doesn't make enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This is because the bone marrow's stem cells are damaged. (Aplastic anemia also is called bone marrow failure.)

患有再生障碍性贫血的人，身体不能制造足够的红细胞，白细胞和血小板。这是因为骨髓的干细胞被破坏了。（再生性障碍贫血也叫骨髓功能丧失症）

Many diseases, conditions, and factors can damage the stem cells. These conditions can be acquired or inherited. "Acquired" means you aren't born with the condition, but you develop it. "Inherited" means your parents passed the gene for the condition to you.

许多疾病和因素会破坏干细胞。这些疾病可后天获得或者先天遗传。后天获得意味着你生下来没有，后天产生的。遗传意味着你的父母将此基因遗传给了你。

In many people who have aplastic anemia, the cause is unknown. Outlook

许多患有再生障碍性贫血的人，病因是未知的。

Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious disorder. It can develop suddenly or slowly. The disorder tends to get worse over time, unless its cause is found and treated. Treatments for aplastic anemia include blood transfusions, blood and marrow stem cell transplants, and medicines.

再生障碍性贫血是一种很稀有、但是很严重的疾病。它能迅速发展也可能会慢慢发展。这种疾病会随着时间的推移变得更严重，除非找到病因并及时治疗。再生障碍性贫血的治疗包括输血、血液和骨髓细胞移植还有配合药物。

With prompt and proper care, many people who have aplastic anemia can be successfully treated. Blood and marrow stem cell transplants may offer a cure for some people who have aplastic anemia.

通过及时和正确的治疗，很多患有再生障碍性贫血的病人成功地治愈了。对于有些再生障碍性贫血病人，血液和骨髓干细胞移植可能会使其康复。