第四章 数词 【名师导读】 第一步学习目标:掌握基数词、序数词的基本用法,掌握时间、日期、分数的表达方法。 数词是表示数目多少和顺序的词。数词有两种,即基数词和序数词。表示数目的词叫基数词,表示顺序的词叫序数词。数词的考点主要出现在“单项选择”、“完形填空”、“用所给词的适当形式填空”等题型中。在中考题型中有关数词的考点如下: 1、基数词与序数词之间的变化;基数词的读法,分数的用法。 2、整百、整千(百万、十亿)以及不确切数量词的用法。 3、年、月、日及时刻表示法。 4、数词与名词和形容词组成复合形容词的用法等。 【考点一】基数词与序数词 基数词:表示数量的多少。 序数词:表示顺序。 1、基数词构成
2.基数词变序数词
【常考必背】
易错点: (1) forty易错为fourty. (2) nineteenth易错为ninteenth; ninety易错为nintieth. (3) twenty-first的缩写易错为21th. 3. 读数的诀窍
【说明】 1,000以上的数目表示方法是,从右向左用分节号“,”分节,每三个数字为一个字节,第一个分节号读thousand, 第二个分节号读million, 第三个分节号读billion. 例如: 91 , 408 , 084 , 999 ↓ ↓ ↓ billion million thousand 读作:ninety-one billion, four hundred and eight billion, eighty-four thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine 4. 巧记概数的用法
【说明】 hundred, thousand, million, billion等数词表示具体数字时其后不用加-s和of,而表示不明确数字时则说hundreds of(数百个),thousands of(数千个,成千上万),millions of(数百万),billions of (数十亿)。
【考点二】数词的常用表达 1. 英语分数
【说明】 1. 分数的表达法:分子是基数词,分母是序数词。若分子为one, 表示分母的那个序数词用原形。如果表示分子的那个基数词大于“1”,那么表示分母的那个序数词就要在词尾加“-s”。 例如: 1/3 → one third 1/5 → one fifth 1/2 → a half 2/3 → two thirds 3/4 → three fourths/three quarters 2. 分数作主语时,谓语动词用单数还是用复数,取决于of后面的名词。如果of后的名词是复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果of后的名词是不可数名词或单数名词,谓语动词则用单数形式。如: Three-fourths of the apples are mine. 四分之三的苹果都是我的。 Three-fourths of the apple is bad. 这个苹果的四分之三都是坏的。 2. 时间的两种表达法
【说明】 第一种表达: (1)分钟小于或等于30分钟时,先说分钟数,后说钟点数,用介词past表示“几点过几分”。 (2)分钟数大于30分钟,用60减去分钟数,然后再说钟点数(加1),用to表示“几点差几分”(还差多少分钟到下一个钟点)。 (3)表示15分钟时用a quarter,表示30分钟时用half。 第二种表达: 不论分钟大于30还是小于30,都可以直接读数字,先说钟点数,后说分钟数。 【典型例题】 (1) 3:05 five past three 或 three o five (2) 4:15 a quarter past four 或 four fifteen (不能说four a quarter) (3) 6: 29 twenty-nine past six 或 six twenty-nine (4) 8:30 half past eight 或 eight thirty (不能说thirty eight或eight half) (5) 9:40 twenty to ten 或nine forty (不能说forty past nine 或twenty to nine) (6) 10:45 a quarter to eleven 或ten forty-five (不能说ten past forty-five, fifteen to eleven, ten three quarters 或fifteen to eleven) (7) 12:00 twelve 或 twelve o’clock 3. 日期表达法 (1)月份+日(序数词),年 (2)日(序数词)+月份+年 如:2012年6月12日 June twelfth, 2012或the twelfth of June, 2012 4. 表达编号 (1)名词+基数词 (须大写) (2)the +序数词+名词 如:第五课 Lesson Five 或the fifth lesson 5、表达年龄 (1)“基数词+名词+old”表示“…岁的”。如: an eight-year-old girl 一个八岁的女孩 The baby is six months old.这个孩子有六个月了。 (2)“in+ one’s +整十的基数词复数”表示某人的大概年龄。如: in his forties 在他四十多岁时 6、表达算式 加:用plus, and或add表示; 减:用minus或take from表示; 乘:用time或multiplied by表示; 除:用divided by表示。 等于:用is, make或equal表示。 如:What’s one and two? It’s three. Ten minus six is four. Two times five is ten. Fifteen divided by three makes five.
【基础巩固 课堂练习】 第二步学习目标:能用已学基本知识解决以下问题。 I. 汉译英。 1. 3,842,967 ___________________________ 2. 在2012年 _________________________ 3. 在9月10日_________________________ 4. 第95页____________________________ 5. 六点差一刻_________________________ 6. 九年级(5)班______________________ 7. 在第一层楼_________________________ 8. 在20世纪60年代____________________ 9. 在她四十多岁时_____________________ 10. 乱七八糟__________________________ II. 根据汉语提示或所给单词,用其正确形式完成句子。 11. Kangkang is in his ________(three) year at No. 1 Middle School. 12. By the end of _____________(二十世纪) , the world population had passed six billion. 13. December is ___________(twelve) month of the year. 14. There are ___________________(三百六十六) days in 2012. 15. There are over four _________(千)students in Saiwen School. III. 单项选择。 ( ) 16. Li Wei lives in Xingyi. He has a tour trip to Kunming _____ a year. A. one B. first C. once D. the first ( ) 17. About _____ of the students in Saiwen School come from the countryside. A. two fifth B. two fifths C. second fives D. second fifths ( ) 18. --How far is it from here to the bank? --It’s about _____ walk. A. 20 minutes’ B. 20 minute C. 20 minutes D. 20-minutes ( ) 19. -–When was the PRC founded? --It was founded on _______. A. July 1st, 1921 B. October 1st, 1949 C. May 1st, 1922 D. August 1st, 1927 ( ) 20. Lily, there is a picture of a pig on ___. A. the 21 page B. Page 21 C. page 21st D. the 21th page ( ) 21. Jim said he would have ____ holiday. A. a 8-day B. an 8-day C. 8 days D. 8-days ( ) 22. This is the ____ time in ____ days that I have made the same mistake. A. two, three B. second, three C. second, third D. two, third ( ) 23. Mr. Green lives on ____ floor. A. seven B.the seven C.the seventh D.seventh ( ) 24. My brother is ___ years old. Last Sunday we had a party for his _____ birthday. A. twelve, twelve B. twelfth, twelfth C. twelfth, twelve D. twelve, twelfth ( ) 25. –What’s the time? --It’s _____. A. ten past thirty B. thirty past ten C. half past ten D. thirty to eleven 【全面冥想 纵横联系 睡前练习 终生记忆】 第三步学习目标:重点知识再现,加深印象 1、闭上眼睛,花2分钟回忆基数词如何变为序数词。 2、闭上眼睛,花2分钟回忆时间、分数、编号、年龄、算式的表达法。 【链接中考 轻松备考】 第四步学习目标:能用所学知识解决2011年中考题。 ( ) 1. After the Asian Games, _____ people came to Guangzhou for a visit during holidays. 【2011广东】 A. thousand B. thousands of C. five thousands D. five thousands of ( ) 2.—Water covers most parts of the earth. —Yes, about __________ of the earth is covered with water.【2011福建泉州】 A. one fourth B. half C. three fourths ( ) 3. “I want my leg! I want to run! I want to jump! a ______ girl cried in the hospital in Libya(利比亚). 【2011云南八市】 A.5-year-old B. 5-years-olds C. 5 year old D. 5-year-old. ( ) 4. About ______ of the students in our class were born in the______. 【2011黑龙江绥化市】 A. two-thirds, 1990s B. two-thirds, 1990 C. two-third, 1990s ( ) 5.--Is this your ______ visit to my hometown, Zunyi? --No. I’ve been here for many times. 【2011遵义】 A. one B. the first C. first ( ) 6. Now, everybody, please turn to Page _____ and look at the _____picture. 【2011山东滨州】 A. Fifth; five B. Five; fifth C. Fifth; fifth D. Five; five ( ) 7. —David, how old is your father this year? —______. And we just had a special party for his _____ birthday last weekend. 【2011安顺】 A. Fortieth; forty B. Forty; forty C. Forty; fortieth D. Fortieth; fortieth |
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