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第九章 主谓一致与倒装句 【名师导读】 第一步学习目标：掌握主谓一致及一些常用表示法，掌握so, neither引导的倒装句及there be句型。 主谓一致主要围绕be动词设计考题，要求掌握主谓一致一些常用的表达法。倒装句主要考查So, Neither引导的倒装句以及There be句型。 【考点一】主谓一致
【常考知识点】 1. 单数名词（代词）、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；复数名词（代词）作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 2. 复合不定代词作主语，看作单数。如： ★ I hope everyone has a wonderful time. 我希望每个人都玩得开心。 3. 表示时间、价格、重量、数目、长度、数学运算等词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如： ★ Five and ten is fifteen.五加十等于十五。 ★ 100 dollars is enough. 100美元足够了。 4. 由each and each, every and every 作主语，看作单数。如： ★ Every man and every woman is working. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 5. 动词不定式和动名词（V-ing）作主语时，看作单数。如： ★ To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 ★ Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有益。 6. “One and a half+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： ★ One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. a/an +单数名词+or two作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： ★ A student or two is going to take part in the activity.. 一两个学生将要参加活动。 8. 以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时，谓语动词用单数形式，这类词有news, physics, maths, politics等。如： ★ No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。 9. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式；但and所连接的两个名词表示同一个人、同一事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： ★ The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。（同一个人，只有一个the） ★ The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和教师都来了。（两个人，有两个the） 10. 主语后有with, along with, together with, as well as, including, besides, like, except, but等介词或介词短语时，表示伴随状态，这时这个短语可以放在句末。所以谓语动词与前一个主语保持一致。如： ★ Jim with his parents is going to Guiyang tomorrow.吉姆和他的父母明天将要去贵阳。 ★ Kangkang as well as the twins has been to Japan. 康康和双胞胎都去过日本。 11. people, police, clothes, trousers, shorts, pants, shoes, gloves等表示复数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；family, class, group, team, crowd, company, class, government等集体名词作主语时，若指一个整体时，用单数形式；若指每一个具体成员时，用复数形式。如： ★ His family is a big one. Look! His family are having dinner now. 他的家庭是一个大家庭。请看，他的家人正在吃晚饭。 12. 当“a kind of, a pair of, a glass of+名词复数”等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。当“kinds/pairs/glasses of +名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： ★ This pair of shoes is mine. The shoes are under the bed.这双鞋子是我的。鞋子在床下。 13. “a number of +名词复数”表示“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； “the number of+名词复数”表示“…的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： ★ A number of students are on the playground. The number of students is fifty. 许多学生在操场上，学生的数量是五十。 14. both… and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Both Lily and Lucy are good at swimming. 露西和莉莉都擅长游泳。 而either… or…, neither… nor…, not only… but also…等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用就近原则。如：Not only Lily but also Lucy is good at swimming. 不仅露西而且莉莉都擅长游泳。 ★ Neither Lily nor Lily is good at swimming. 露西和莉莉都不擅长游泳。 15.“ the +形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： ★ The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐，但富人却过得不快乐。 16. “A lot of, lots of, plenty of, most of+名词”或“分数+名词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词。如： ★ Two thirds of the teachers in our school are women teachers. 在我们学校，三分之二的教师是女教师。 17. “Many a +名词单数”表示“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： ★ Many a scientist is coming to our school tomorrow. 许多科学家明天要来我们学校。 18. “The population of ”作主语，看作单数。如： ★ What’s the population of Xingyi? 兴义的人口是多少？ ★ The population of Xingyi is over 400 thousand. 兴义的人口是四十多万。 但表示部分人口时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： ★ Two thirds of the population of China are farmers. 中国三分之二的人口是农民。 【考点二】倒装句 一、so与neither倒装句
【说明】 1. “so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，只限于肯定句中，表示“某人或某物情况也是如此”。两句话的主语不一样。如： ★ He has lost the address. So have I. 他丢了地址，我也是。(=I have lost the address, too.) ★ If he goes there, so will I. 如果他要去哪儿，我也去。(=I will go there, too.) 2. “Neither/ Nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示否定，"某人或物情况也不这样"。如： ★ I can’t swim. Neither/Nor can my brother. 我不会游泳，我哥哥也是。（=My brother can’t swim, either.） 3. “so＋主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”，表示强调，“的确如此”，这时两句话的主语相同。如： ★ --It was cold yesterday. 昨天天气很冷。 --So it was. 的确如此。 【温馨提示】 So, Neither开头的倒装句一定要与上一句的时态一致，助动词要根据主语的人称而变化。 二、There be结构 There be结构是表示“存在”的一个句型，是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。
【说明】 1. 表示“某人有某物”用have, 表示“某地有某物”用There be结构。 2. There be结构通常放在句首，后接几种物品时，be动词须与后面第一个物品保持数的一致，即“就近原则”。 3. There be结构时态的变化只要通过be动词就行了。其一般过去时形式为：There was/were …. 一般将来时形式为：There will be …或There is going to be …表示“将要有…”。 4. There used to be 表示“过去有…”。 【典型例题】 1. We have a bright classroom. 我们有一间明亮的教室。 There is a book on the desk.桌上有一本书。 2. There is a pen and two pencils in the pencil-box. There are two pencils and a pen in the pencil-box. 文具盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。 3. There was a heavy rain last night. 昨晚有一场大雨。 There is going to be a basketball match tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午将有一场篮球赛。 4. There used to be a hospital between the library and the post office. 在过去，在图书馆和邮局之间有一座医院。 【基础巩固 课堂练习】 第二步学习目标：能用所学基本知识解决以下问题。 I. 用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. Look! The family ______ having lunch. 2. There ____ a book and some flowers on it. 3. ____ either you or he going to Kunming? 4. Class Two _____ taking classes when someone knocked at the door. Class Two _____ watching football game now. 5. There _____ a number of students on the playground. The number of the students __ 50. 6. Here ___ a pen and some pencils on it. 7. “I think either you or he ___ right.” He said. 8. I, like Li Ming, ____ an English teacher. 9. Nobody but Tom and John ____ in the library yesterday. 10. The pair of shoes ____ mine. The shoes ____ hers. 11. Bread and rice _____ my favorite food. 12. A woman with two boys ____ coming towards us. 13. Either you or I ______ wrong. 14. Not only Jim but also Tom ____ right. 15. What you said _____ right. 16. Eating healthy food _____ good for you. 17. Two thirds of the population here ____ farmers. 18. Ten minus nine ____ one. 19. The population of Xingyi ____ over 400 thousand. 20. Fifty dollars ____ enough. 21. There ______ lots of rain here in summer. 22. Neither of the answers ____ right. 23. The rich ______ not always happy. 24. To see ______ to believe. 25. The news ______ from all directions. 26. No news _____ good news. 27. All the students except Li Ming ____ here. 28. The police ____ running after the thief. 29. What _____ the population of Xingren? 30. Doing morning exercises ____ good for our health. 31. The United Nations ____ founded in 1945. 32. Tom is the only one of the students who _____ going to swim this afternoon. 33. “I” ____ the ninth letter. 34. “Books” ____ the plural(复数) of “book”. 35. The Chinese people _____ a great people. 36. The Chinese ____ kind and friendly. 37. Both Lily and I _____ students. 38. One and a half days ____ all I can spare. 39. One or two days ___ enough for the work. 40. A day or two _____ enough for the work. II. 单项选择。 ( ) 41. More than two weeks ____ passed already. A. has B. have C. was D.were ( ) 42. Many a man ____ tried it before. A. have B. has C. are D. is ( ) 43. The singer and dancer __ come to our city. A. have B. has C. are D. is ( ) 44. The teacher and the writer ____ in the office now. A. have B. has C. are D. is ( ) 45. Every boy and every girl ____ taught to read and write. A. is B. are C. has D. have ( ) 46. Three-fourths of the water _____ gone. A. are B. is C. have D. were ( ) 47. One-third of the students ____ come back. A. has B. have C. do D. does ( ) 48. Writing stories and articles ____ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. do D. does ( ) 49. “They each ____ a dictionary.” Means “Each of them ____ a dictionary.” A. has, has B. has, have C. have, have D. have, has ( ) 50. All ____ ready for the test. A. is B. are C. have D. has ( ) 51. –None of the men _____ a good cook. --You’re right. And none of these women ____ good cooks, either. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; are D. are; is ( ) 52. Everybody, men and women, young or old, ____ listening to pop music here. A. enjoy B. enjoys C. is enjoyed D. are enjoyed ( ) 53. The younger of the two ____ this film. A. likes B. like C. is liked D. enjoying ( ) 54. Each boy and each girl ______the right to go to school in China. A. is B. have C. has D. are ( ) 55. Mr. Hu together with his friends ____ shopping every Sunday. A. go B. goes C. went D. going ( ) 56. A message between computers ____ an e-mail. A. have B. are C. is D. has ( ) 57. –How many students are there? --____ the students ____ over four thousand. A. The number of, are B. The number of, is C. A number of, is D. A number of, are ( ) 58. The Smiths _____ China since the summer of 2010. A. has been in B. have been in C. has been to D. have been to ( ) 59. Both Lily and Lucy ____ to the party. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited ( ) 60. Lily as well as her parents ____ been to Beijing. A. is B. have C. has D. are ( ) 61. --Jim likes apples best. --_______. They are his favorite. A. So he does B. So does he C. Nor he does D. Nor does he ( ) 62. --He has been to Beijing. --______. A. Me, either B. So have I C. So I have D. Neither have I ( ) 63. --My father didn’t eat anything. --_________. A. Neither did my mother B. Neither didn’t my mother C. So did my mother D. So my mother did ( ) 64. --Li Mei can’t go hiking. --_______ Kangkang. A. So does B. Nor can C. So can D. Nor can’t ( ) 65. ________ a bank between the post office and the bookstore ten years ago. A. There used to be B. There was to be C. There is going to be D. There use to be ( ) 66. -–Have you got some milk to drink? --Here you are. There _____ still some in the bottle. A. are B. is C. have D. has ( ) 67. A number of boys ____ playing soccer on the playground. The number of boys ____ 20. A. are; is B. is; are C. is; is D. are; are ( ) 68. The news ____ very interesting. A. sound B. sounds C. are D. smell ( ) 69. Butter and cheese ______ in price. A. has gone up B. have gone up C. is gone up D. are gone up ( ) 70. _____ neither you nor he enjoy fast food? A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are 【质量标准控制 考试满分过关】 以上70小题中，做错的题目有： ____________________________________； 解决日期是：________________________； 解决途径：__________________________； 感谢恩人：__________________________. 【全面冥想 纵横联系 睡前练习 终生记忆】 第三步学习目标：重点知识再现，加深印象 1. 闭上眼睛，花1分钟回忆So, Neither引导的倒装句。 2. 闭上眼睛，花5分钟回忆主谓一致的常考知识点。 3. 回顾上述题目中的错题，想一想错在哪里？ 【链接中考 轻松备考】 第四步学习目标：能用所学知识解决2011年中考题。 ( ) 1. Hey, Nick. comes the last bus! Hurry up, or we'll have to walk home. 【2011安徽】 A. This B. There C. That D. It ( ) 2. If you want to go to see the movie this evening, so __ I. 【2011安徽】 A. do B. am C. will D. should ( ) 3. -- I have changed my job. -- . 【2011兰州】 A. So do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have ( ) 4. －I haven’t seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean: On stranger Tides. －___________.【2011山东德州】 A. Neither have I B. So have I C. Neither I have D. So I have ( ) 5.There _____ an English speaking contest(演讲比赛) for middle school students in our city in early July. 【2011百色】 A. is going to B. will be C. will have D. is |
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