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第十一章 状语从句，宾语从句和定语从句 全国各地的中考英语试题中几乎都有专门针对复合句的测试，在初中，主要要求同学们掌握状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句的用法。 一、状语从句 状语从句的考点一般集中在：连接词的选用、时间状语与谓语动词的关系、主句和从句动词的一致以及同近义连接词的辨析等。主要题型包括单项选择、完成句子、句型转换等。
【说明】
【常考点】 1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，当主句是将来时或含有情态动词或是祈使句时，从句要用一般现在时表将来，即“主将从现”。 2. 引导词的正确选择以及when, while, as的用法区别。 3. when, if引导状语从句和宾语从句时态的区别。 4. so …that与such…that的区别以及与too…to, enough to之间的同义句转换。 5. than, as …as, not as/so …as的用法。 【典型例题】 1. He doesn’t tell me when he will come. I’ll call you as soon as he comes. 他没有告诉我什么时候来，他一来我就会给你打电话的。 2. I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes, I will let you know. 我不知道他明天是否来，如果他来，我会让你知道的。 3、You won’t pass the exam if you don’t work hard. =You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard. 如果你不努力学习，你将不能通过考试。 4. He got up early this morning so that he could catch the early bus. =He got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus. 他今天早上早起是为了赶早班车。 5. The apples are so high that I can’t reach them. =The apples are too high for me to reach. 苹果太高了以致于我够不到。 二、宾语从句 宾语从句的考点一般集中在：宾语从句连接词的确定、宾语从句的语序、与某些动词相关的句式结构，宾语从句和简单句的转换等。主要题型包括单项选择、句型转换、完成句子等。
【说明】宾语从句的三要素 1、引导词 that: 陈述句（可省略） if/whether: 一般疑问句 疑问词： 特殊疑问句 2、语序：陈述句语序。 3、时态： （1）主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，宾语从句可以根据实际情况用各种所需要的时态。 （2）主句谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句要用相应的过去的某一种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时） （3）如果宾语从句叙述的是真理，主句虽然是过去时，但从句仍要用现在时。 【典型例题】 1. He said, “The sun rises in the east.” →He said (that) the sun rises in the east. 2. “How did Lily go to school?” Could you tell me? →Could you tell me how Lily went to school? 3. He asked me, “Have you been to Beijing?” →He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing. 4. I don’t know whether you like the present or not. 5. I don’t know how I should do it.(宾语从句) =I don’t know how to do it.（简单句） I don’t know what I should do. =I don’t know what to do. 【特殊情况】 由think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引导的宾语从句，如果从句的谓语动词是否定的含义，要将否定形式转换到主句。我们通常称之为“否定转移”。 【典型例题】 He isn’t right. I think. → I don’t think (that) he is right. 三、定语从句 定语从句的考点是：考查关系词引导的定语从句，主要包括连接词的确定、定语从句关系词的用法区别以及定语从句与其他句式的转换等。主要题型包括：单项选择、完成句子和句型转换。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 (1) 巧记定语从句中关系代词的用法
【说明】
【注意】 ★ 关系代词which, that, who在定语从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称、数必须与先行词保持一致。 【典型例题】 ★ These are my books which/that were bought by my teacher. 这些就是我的老师买给我的书。 【解析】 先行词为books，表示物，故可以用that或which; 而先行词books为复数，故动词用were而不用was. ★ The classroom whose windows were broken is ours. 窗户被打破的那个教室是我们的。（后有名词windows） (2) that和which表示物的用法区别
【说明】
【典型例题】 ★ All who heard the story were amazed. 听到这个故事的人都感到吃惊。(all指人) ★ This is the most beautiful picture that you have ever drawn. 这是你所画的最漂亮的图画。（最高级用that） ★ The first thing (that) we should do is to learn all the subjects well. 我们应该做的第一件事是学好所有的学科。（有序数词） 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 (1) 关系副词when的基本用法 关系副词when修饰表示时间的名词（如day, month, year, last night等），在从句中作时间状语。意义上相当于一个介词加which（如on which, in which等）。 如果先行词是上述表示时间的名词，可能用which/that, 也可能用when, 关键看它在从句中所作的成分，只有作时间状语时才能用when, 而作主语、宾语、表语时要用which/that. 如： ★ August is a hot month when (=in which) I was born. 我出生的八月是一个很热的月份。 【解析】先行词为August, 而wheh在定语从句中作时间状语。 ★ I will never forget the days when (=on which) we got together. 我永远忘不了我们一起的日子。 【解析】先行词为days, 表时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语. (2) 关系副词where的基本用法 关系副词where修饰表示地点的名词，在句中充当地点状语，意义上也相当于一个介词加which. 如： ★ I’m going to visit the city where Jim was born. 我打算去参观吉姆出生的那个城市。 【解析】先行词为city, 表地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。 ★ I’m going to visit the city that/which has many places of interest. 我打算去参观有许多名胜的城市。 【解析】先行词为city, 在定语从句中缺主语，故用that或which. (3) 关系副词why的基本用法 关系副词why通常用于修饰名词reason（理由，原因），在句中用作原因状语，意义上相当于for which. 如： ★ This is the reason why (=for which) I am leaving tomorrow. 这就是我明天离开的原因。 【解析】先行词是the reason，故用why. 【基础巩固 课堂练习】 第二步学习目标：能用所学基本知识解决以下问题。 I．选择题。 ( ) 1. I don’t know ____ the boy is talking about. A. why B. whether C. what D. that ( ) 2. Can you tell me _____ is going to give us a speech next Saturday? A. whom B. whose C. who D. what ( ) 3. I want to know ___ he will come tomorrow. A. what B. where C. whether D. weather ( ) 4. –Excuse me, could you tell me _______? --Certainly. A. how can I get to the post office B. how I can get to the post office C. how I could get to the post office D. how could I get to the post office ( ) 5. Did you know _______? A. what did she say B. what she said C. what she says D. she said what ( ) 6. Jim asked me ________. A. this was whose pen B. whose pen was that C. whose pen is this D. whose pen that was ( ) 7. I wanted to know _______. A. what time did he get up B. what time he gets up C. what time he got up D. what time does he get up ( ) 8. –Go and ask Mr. Green for help. --But I don’t know _____. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where he lives in D. where he lived ( ) 9. Did you find out _______? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking for C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for ( ) 10. I wondered ___________. A. what is the matter with him B. what the matter was with him C. what’s matter with him. D. what was the matter with him ( ) 11. The teacher told us the leaves ______ from the trees in fall. A. fall B. fell C. falls D. fells ( ) 12. Could you tell us where ________? A. is the bank B. the bank is C. is bank D. bank is ( ) 13. She said she _____ to Beijing the next week. A. would fly B. will fly C. fly D. flew ( ) 14. My mother asked me ___ when I grew up. A. what I was B. what I would be C. what was I D. what was I going to be ( ) 15. Nobody knows _______ in 100 years. A. what will our life be like B. what our life will like C. what our life will be like D. what our life is like ( ) 16. Don’t be afraid of asking for information ____ it is needed. A. when B. after C. although D. unless ( ) 17. My sister didn’t go to bed ____ my mother came back home last night. A. where B. until C. as soon as D. while ( ) 18. You’ll do much better _____ you’re more careful with your spelling. A. before B. although C. if D. unless ( ) 19. He didn’t catch the early bus ____ he got up late. A. or B. if C. because D. before ( ) 20. Do you know _____ Lin Li’s mother will come to see us or not next Saturday? A. if B. whether C. who D. which ( ) 21. --Kate, how about going camping if it _____ tomorrow? --That sounds great. A. didn’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. won’t rain D. hasn’t rained ( ) 22. –Bill, ____ you have finished your homework, let’s fly kites together now. --All right. A. although B. after C. before D. since ( ) 23. Could you tell us which floor ______? A. does he live in B. he lives in C. does he live D. he lives ( ) 24. I’m satisfied with _____ you said. A. whatever B. when C. whichever D. which ( ) 25. A robot is a machine _____ can do some difficult work instead of man. A. who B. that C. what D. / ( ) 26. The boy _____ won the first prize is called Roy. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which ( ) 27. I hate people ____ talk much but do little. A. who B. whose C. whom D. who’s ( ) 28. Jim likes music ____ is quiet and gentle. A. that B. which C. who D. A and B ( ) 29. I have read all the books ___ you gave me. A. that B. which C. who D. what ( ) 30. He is the very person ___ I want to talk to. A. which B. that C. whose D. which ( ) 31. They talked of things and persons ____ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whose ( ) 32. This is the most beautiful skirt ____ I saw. A. that B. which C. who D. whose ( ) 33. I know the reason _____ he came late. A. when B. where C. why D. what ( ) 34. This is the school __ I taught for ten years. A. that B. which C. where D. what ( ) 35. I’ll never forget the days ____ we spent together in Xingyi. A. that B. what C. when D. where ( ) 36. This is the house __ Mr. Green once lived. A. that B. which C. in which D. in that ( ) 37. Football, ____ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. A. which B. that C. is D. what ( ) 38. I’ll never forget the morning _____ we left for Beijing. A. when B. where C. which D. that ( ) 39. This is one of the best films _____ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. where D. when ( ) 40. He lives in the room ____ window faces south. A. which B. that C. whose D. whom ( ) 41. --Have you found the information about the famous people ______ you can use for the report? --Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.（2010兰州） A. who B. what C. whom D. which ( ) 42. I still remember the park _____ we first met. (2010广州市) A. that B. which C. where D. when ( ) 43. I still remember the park _____ has many animals. A. that B. when C. who D. where ( ) 44. ---I’m not sure _____ there are living things on other planets or not. --Even scientists aren’t sure about it. (2010福州) A. whether B. where C. why D. if ( ) 45. I hear Tom lives here, but I’m not sure ____.(2010陕西省) A. which room he lives in B. which room does he live in C. he lives in which room D. in which room does he lives ( ) 46. If you don’t go to the park tomorrow, ____. A. he will, too B. he won’t, either C. he does, too D. he doesn’t, either ( ) 47. I don’t know if it ________ tomorrow. If it _____, I won’t go shopping. A. will rain, rains B. will rain, will rain C. rains, will rain D. rains, rains ( ) 48. I don’t know when he _____ tomorrow, when he _____, I’ll call you immediately. A. will come, comes B. comes, will come C. will come, will come D. comes, comes. ( ) 49. She asked me ___ I would do it or not. A. if B. whether C. as D. until ( ) 50. John plays basketball ______, if not better, than Jim. A. as well B. so well as C. so well D. as well as II．合并句子。 51. The room is very small. He lives in the room. ____________________________________. 52. That man is my English teacher. He is standing under the tree. _____________________________________. 53. What time will the visitors arrive here? She knew. _____________________________________. 54. Can we find out some information about the island on the Internet? Let’s see. ____________________________________. 55. “Does the earth go around the sun?” Mr. Green asked us. _____________________________________. III. 同义句转换。 56. Tom is careful enough to do it well. Tom is _____ careful _____ he can do it well. 57. Lucy speaks Chinese worse than Lily. Lucy doesn’t speak Chinese ___ ___ ___ Lily. 58. He came back. I told him the news. I told him the news __ ___ ___ he came back. 59. He got up early this morning to catch the early train. He got up early this morning ____ ____ he _____ catch the early train. 60.Tom went to bed. He finished his work. Tom ___ ___ to bed ___ he finished his work. IV. 选词填空
61. Betty didn’t go to see the film yesterday _____ she was ill. 62. Jim spends much money on books ____ he is not rich. 63. Mr. Zhang has worked in our school ____ he came here in 2006. 64. We’ll have a picnic ____ it doesn’t rain this Saturday. 65. ____ I passed the street corner, I saw the accident clearly. 66. ______ they had a short rest, they went on working. 67. She didn’t know _____ ball she should choose, the red one or the blue one. 68. I don’t know ____ she said at the meeting. 69. Can you tell me ____ they have gone? 70. Do you know ____ the little girl is crying? V. 选出与句中划线部分相同的选项。 ( )71.–Is this Mr. Chen’s car? --I don’t think so. He can’t afford to pay for this kind of car. A. is too poor to B. is able to C. is rich enough to D. doesn’t want to ( ) 72. -–English is the most widely used language in the world. --Yeah. Nowadays, the study of English is considered as a very important industry in China as well as in the rest of the world. A. is looked as B. is regarded as C. takes as D. treats as ( ) 73. The boy was too young to work on the farm. A. so; that he couldn’t B. so; that he could C. enough; that he could D. so; enough to ( ) 74. Once I got into trouble, I would turn to my parents. A. ask my parents to help me. B. come to see my parents C. ask my parents D. write to my parents ( ) 75. I’m sorry to say I can’t answer your question. A. I think B. I’m sure C. I hope D. I’m afraid ( ) 76. --Would you like some more fish? --No, thank you. I’ve had enough. A. I’m full B. I’m hungry C. I can eat some D. Give me some ( ) 77. Li Lei didn’t go with us because he was ill. A. so he was ill B. because of his illness C. because he is ill D. so that he is ill ( ) 78. Nothing can live without air or water. A. whether there is air or water or not B. if there is no air or water C. if there is air or water D. with air and water ( ) 79. It was late, but Miss Lin didn’t stop working. A. didn’t work any more B. went to work C. went on working D. stopped to work ( ) 80. Most children begin school when they are seven. A. in the age of seven B. at the age seven C. at the age seven D. out of the age seven VI. 指出下列句子的基本类型及句子成分。 81. My mother is thirty-five now. 82. They arrived at six o’clock. 83. I have bought three books. 84. The boss makes the workers work 12 hours a day. 85. We must keep the classroom clean. 86. He told us an interesting story just now. 87. Will you please pass me the book on the desk? VII. 根据所给汉语完成句子翻译。 88. 这些照片是去年在北京拍的。 These photos ____ _____ in Beijing last year. 89. 我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。 My father ____________________________. 90. 张老师告诉我们考试时别粗心。 Mr. Zhang __________________ in the exam. 91. 据说这是大本钟第四次停止运转了。 ______________ this is the fourth time the Big Ben has stopping working. 92. 六点钟了该吃晚饭了。 It’s six o’clock. ____________ supper. 93. 你帮助我真是太好了。 It’s very nice _______________________. 94. 对我来说，学好英语真是太难了。 It’s very difficult _____________________. 95. 他在照顾他妹妹。 He is __________________ his sister. 【质量标准控制 考试满分过关】 以上95小题中，做错的题目有： ____________________________________； 解决日期是：________________________； 解决途径：__________________________； 感谢恩人：__________________________. 【全面冥想 纵横联系 睡前练习 终生记忆】 第三步学习目标：重点知识再现，加深印象 1. 闭上眼睛，花5分钟回忆句子的七种成分，它们分别由什么词充当，通常在句子的什么位置。 2．花3分钟回忆简单句的五种基本句型。 3. 闭上眼睛，花3分钟回忆状语从句主要有哪些，它们的引导词是什么。 4．花2分钟回忆宾语从句的三要素及其用法。 5．在定语从句中，当先行词是人、物时的引导词分别是什么？当先行词表示物时，哪些情况下只能用that,不能用which? 6. 回顾上述题目中的错题，想一想错在哪里？ 【链接中考 轻松备考】 第四步学习目标：能用所学知识解决2011年中考题。 ( ) 1. We’ll plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t know_____ Tom will come and join us. 【2011天津】 A. if B. which C. what D. where ( ) 2. — Do you know ____ tomorrow? — At 8 o'clock. 【2011北京】 A. when did she come B. when she came C. when will she come D. when she will come ( ) 3. — Linda, could you tell me ______? — He is an actor. 【2011浙江舟山】 A. what he does B. what does he do C. where he works D. where does he work ( ) 4.—I can’t find Mary. Where’s she? —Sorry, I don’t know ____.【2011扬州】 A. where has she been B. where she has been C. where has she gone D. where she has gone ( ) 5.--Can you tell me___? —I lost my MP3 player. 【2011铜仁】 A. What’s the matter with you B. what the matter is with you C. what the matter you is D. what the matter with you are. ( ) 6. I will send you an e-mail as soon as I____ in Canada. 【2011北京】 A. arrive B. arrived C. am arriving D. will arrive ( ) 7. If there no buying and selling of animals, there no killing in nature. 【2011陕西】 A. is; will be B. will be; will be C. is; is D. will be; is ( ) 8. They develop their skills _____ they can do things better and better. 【2011山东德州】 A. however B. because C. since D. so that ( ) 9. －What time will Diana get to Chengdu? －I’m not sure. When he ______, I’ll call you. 【2011四川广安】 A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrives ( ) 10. John is the boy_____ legs were badly hurt in the accident. 【2011天津】 A. whose B. that C. who D. which ( ) 11. The first thing _____ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. 【2011广东】 A. which B. that C. why D. who ( ) 12. —Do you know the girl _____is talking to our English teacher? —Yes. She's my sister. 【2011宁夏】 A. who B. whom C. which D. Whose ( ) 13 I’ll never forget the day_____ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech. 【2011山东菏泽】 A. that B. which C. when D. where ( ) 14. --They said sorry to me, but I wouldn’t listen. --It is foolish of you _____ others for their mistakes. 【2011苏州】 A. forgive B. not forgive C. to forgive D. not to forgive ( ) 15. It’s very nice ______ you _____ my parents your best wishes. 【2011无锡】 A. of; sending B. of; to send C. for; to send D. for; sending ( ) 16 . --- We can go to Jinan Railway Station by bus. --Why not ___ there for a change? 【2011新疆阜康】 A. try walking B. trying to walk C. to try and walk D. to try walking ( ) 17.-- It’s a fine day today. How about _____? --Sounds great! 【2011铜仁】 A. go hiking B. go to hike C. going hiking D. to go to hike |
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