在《使用篇》中我们谈到扩展的验证编程方式,并且演示了本解决方案的三大特性:消息提供机制的分离、多语言的支持和多验证规则的支持,我们现在来看看这样的验证解决方案最终是如何实现的。
一、为验证创建一个上下文:ValidatorContext“基于某个规则的验证”是本解决方案一个最大的卖点。为了保持以验证规则名称为核心的上下文信息,我定义了如下一个ValidatorContext(我们本打算将其命名为ValidationContext,无奈这个类型已经存在)。ValidatorContext的属性RuleName和Culture表示当前的验证规则和语言文化(默认值为当前线程的CurrentUICulture),而字典类型的属性Properties用户存放一些额外信息。当前ValidationContext的获取与设置通过静态Current完成。 1: public class ValidatorContext 2: { 3: [ThreadStatic] 4: private static ValidatorContext current; 5: 6: public string RuleName { get; private set; } 7: public CultureInfo Culture { get; private set; } 8: public IDictionary<string, object> Properties { get; private set; } 9: 10: public ValidatorContext(string ruleName, CultureInfo culture=null) 11: { 12: this.RuleName = ruleName; 13: this.Properties = new Dictionary<string, object>(); 14: this.Culture = culture??CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture; 15: } 16: 17: public static ValidatorContext Current 18: { 19: get { return current; } 20: set { current = value; } 21: } 22: } 我们为ValidatorContext定义了如下一个匹配的ValidatorContextScope对象用于设置ValidatorContext的作用范围。 1: public class ValidatorContextScope : IDisposable 2: { 3: private ValidatorContext current = ValidatorContext.Current; 4: public ValidatorContextScope(string ruleName, CultureInfo culture = null) 5: { 6: ValidatorContext.Current = new ValidatorContext(ruleName, culture); 7: } 8: public void Dispose() 9: { 10: if (null == current) 11: { 12: foreach (object property in ValidatorContext.Current.Properties.Values) 13: { 14: IDisposable disposable = property as IDisposable; 15: if (null != disposable) 16: { 17: disposable.Dispose(); 18: } 19: } 20: } 21: ValidatorContext.Current = current; 22: } 23: } 二、通过自定义ActionInvoker在进行操作执行之前初始化上下文通过《使用篇》中我们知道当前的验证规则名称是通过ValidationRuleAttribute来设置的,该特性不仅仅可以应用在Action方法上,也可以应用在Controller类型上。当然Action方法上的ValidationRuleAttribute具有更高的优先级。如下面的代码片断所示,ValidationRuleAttribute就是一个包含Name属性的普通Attribute而已。 1: [AttributeUsage( AttributeTargets.Class| AttributeTargets.Method)] 2: public class ValidationRuleAttribute:Attribute 3: { 4: public string Name { get; private set; } 5: public ValidationRuleAttribute(string name) 6: { 7: this.Name = name; 8: } 9: } 很显然,以当前验证规则验证规则为核心的ValidatorContext需要在Action操作之前设置(严格地说应该在进行Model绑定之前),而在Action操作完成后清除。很自然地,我们可以通过自定义ActionInvoker来完成,为此我定义了如下一个直接继承自ControllerActionInvoker的ExtendedControllerActionInvoker类。 1: public class ExtendedControllerActionInvoker : ControllerActionInvoker 2: { 3: public ExtendedControllerActionInvoker() 4: { 5: this.CurrentCultureAccessor= (context=> 6: { 7: string culture = context.RouteData.GetRequiredString("culture"); 8: if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(culture)) 9: { 10: return null; 11: } 12: else 13: { 14: return new CultureInfo(culture); 15: } 16: }); 17: } 18: public virtual Func<ControllerContext, CultureInfo> CurrentCultureAccessor { get; set; } 19: public override bool InvokeAction(ControllerContext controllerContext, string actionName) 20: { 21: CultureInfo originalCulture = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture; 22: CultureInfo originalUICulture = CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture; 23: try 24: { 25: CultureInfo culture = this.CurrentCultureAccessor(controllerContext); 26: if (null != culture) 27: { 28: Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture; 29: Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = culture; 30: } 31: var controllerDescriptor = this.GetControllerDescriptor(controllerContext); 32: var actionDescriptor = this.FindAction(controllerContext, controllerDescriptor, actionName); 33: ValidationRuleAttribute attribute = actionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes(true).OfType<ValidationRuleAttribute>().FirstOrDefault() as ValidationRuleAttribute; 34: if (null == attribute) 35: { 36: attribute = controllerDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes(true).OfType<ValidationRuleAttribute>().FirstOrDefault() as ValidationRuleAttribute; 37: } 38: string ruleName = (null == attribute) ? string.Empty : attribute.Name; 39: using (ValidatorContextScope contextScope = new ValidatorContextScope(ruleName)) 40: { 41: return base.InvokeAction(controllerContext, actionName); 42: } 43: } 44: catch 45: { 46: throw; 47: } 48: finally 49: { 50: Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = originalCulture; 51: Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = originalUICulture; 52: } 53: } 54: } 如上面的代码片断所示,在重写的InvokeAction方法中我们通过ControllerDescriptor/ActionDescriptor得到应用在Controller类型/Action方法上的ValidationRuleAttribute特性,并或者到设置的验证规则名称。然后我们创建ValidatorContextScope对象,而针对基类InvokeAction方法的执行就在该ValidatorContextScope中执行的。初次之外,我们还对当前线程的Culture进行了相应地设置,默认的Culture 信息来源于当前RouteData。 为了更方便地使用ExtendedControllerActionInvoker,我们定义了一个抽象的Controller基类:BaseController。BaseController是Controller的子类,在构造函数中我们将ActionInvoker属性设置成我们自定义的ExtendedControllerActionInvoker对象。 1: public abstract class BaseController: Controller 2: { 3: public BaseController() 4: { 5: this.ActionInvoker = new ExtendedControllerActionInvoker(); 6: } 7: } 三、为Validator创建基类:ValidatorBaseAttribute接下来我们才来看看真正用于验证的验证特性如何定义。我们的验证特性都直接或者间接地继承自具有如下定义的ValidatorBaseAttribute,而它使ValidationAttribute的子类。如下面的代码片断所示,ValidatorBaseAttribute还实现了IClientValidatable接口,以提供对客户端验证的支持。属性RuleName、MessageCategory、MessageId和Culture分别代表验证规则名称、错误消息的类别和ID号(通过这两个属性通过MessageManager这个独立的组件获取完整的错误消息)和基于的语言文化。 1: [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class|AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = false)] 2: public abstract class ValidatorBaseAttribute : ValidationAttribute, IClientValidatable 3: { 4: 5: public string RuleName { get; set; } 6: public string MessageCategory { get; private set; } 7: public string MessageId { get; private set; } 8: public string Culture { get; set; } 9: 10: public ValidatorBaseAttribute(MessageManager messageManager, string messageCategory, string messageId, params object[] args) 11: : base(() => messageManager.FormatMessage(messageCategory, messageId, args)) 12: { 13: this.MessageCategory = messageCategory; 14: this.MessageId = messageId; 15: } 16: 17: public ValidatorBaseAttribute(string messageCategory, string messageId, params object[] args) 18: : this(MessageManagerFactory.GetMessageManager(), messageCategory, messageId, args) 19: { } 20: 21: public virtual bool Match(ValidatorContext context, IEnumerable<ValidatorBaseAttribute> validators) 22: { 23: if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.RuleName)) 24: { 25: if (this.RuleName != context.RuleName) 26: { 27: return false; 28: } 29: } 30: 31: if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.Culture)) 32: { 33: if (string.Compare(this.Culture, context.Culture.Name, true) != 0) 34: { 35: return false; 36: } 37: } 38: 39: if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.Culture)) 40: { 41: if (validators.Any(validator => validator.GetType() == this.GetType() && string.Compare(validator.Culture, context.Culture.Name, true) == 0)) 42: { 43: return false; 44: } 45: } 46: return true; 47: } 48: public abstract IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule> GetClientValidationRules(ModelMetadata metadata, ControllerContext context); 49: private object typeId; 50: public override object TypeId 51: { 52: get { return (null == typeId) ? (typeId = new object()) : typeId; } 53: } 54: } 由于我们需要将多个相同类型的Validator特性应用到某个类型或者字段/属性上,我们需要通过AttributeUsageAttribute将AllowMultiple属性设置为True,此外需要重写TypeId属性。至于为什么需需要这么做,可以参考我的上一篇文章《在ASP.NET MVC中如何应用多个相同类型的ValidationAttribute?》。对于应用在同一个目标元素的多个相同类型的Validator特性,只有与当前ValidatorContext相匹配的才能执行,我们通过Match方法来进行匹配性的判断,具体的逻辑是这样的:
四、通过自定义ModelValidatorProvider在验证之前将不匹配Validator移除应用在Model类型或其属性/字段上的ValidationAttribute最终通过对应的ModelValidatorProvider(DataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider)用于创建ModelValidator(DataAnnotationsModelValidator)。我们必须在ModelValidator创建之前将不匹配的Validator特性移除,才能确保只有与当前ValidatorContext相匹配的Validator特性参与验证。为此我们通过继承DataAnnotationsModelValidator自定义了如下一个ExtendedDataAnnotationsModelValidator。 1: public class ExtendedDataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider : DataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider 2: { 3: protected override IEnumerable<ModelValidator> GetValidators(ModelMetadata metadata, ControllerContext context, IEnumerable<Attribute> attributes) 4: { 5: var validators = attributes.OfType<ValidatorBaseAttribute>(); 6: var allAttributes = attributes.Except(validators).ToList(); 7: foreach (ValidatorBaseAttribute validator in validators) 8: { 9: if (validator.Match(ValidatorContext.Current, validators)) 10: { 11: allAttributes.Add(validator); 12: } 13: } 14: return base.GetValidators(metadata, context, allAttributes); 15: } 16: } 如上面的代码片断所示,在重写的GetClientValidationRules方法中,输入参数attributes表示所有的ValidationAttribute,在这里我们根据调用ValidatorBaseAttribute的Match方法将不匹配的Validator特性移除,然后根据余下的ValidationAttribute列表调用基类GetValidators方法创建ModelValidator列表。值得一提的是,关于System.Attribute的Equals/GetHashCode方法的问题就从这个方法中发现的(详情参见《为什么System.Attribute的GetHashCode方法需要如此设计?》)。自定义ExtendedDataAnnotationsModelValidator在Global.asax的Application_Start方法中通过如下的方式进行注册。 1: protected void Application_Start() 2: { 3: //... 4: var provider = ModelValidatorProviders.Providers.OfType<DataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider>().FirstOrDefault(); 5: if (null != provider) 6: { 7: ModelValidatorProviders.Providers.Remove(provider); 8: } 9: ModelValidatorProviders.Providers.Add(new ExtendedDataAnnotationsModelValidatorProvider()); 10: } 五、RequiredValidatorAttribute的定义最后我们来看看用于验证必需字段的RequiredValidatorAttribute如何定义。IsValid用于服务端验证,而GetClientValidationRules生成调用客户端验证规则。 1: [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = true)] 2: public class RequiredValidatorAttribute : ValidatorBaseAttribute 3: { 4: public RequiredValidatorAttribute(string messageCategory, string messageId, params object[] args) 5: : base(messageCategory, messageId, args) 6: { } 7: 8: public override bool IsValid(object value) 9: { 10: if (value == null) 11: { 12: return false; 13: } 14: string str = value as string; 15: if (str != null) 16: { 17: return (str.Trim().Length != 0); 18: } 19: return true; 20: } 21: 22: public override IEnumerable<ModelClientValidationRule> GetClientValidationRules(ModelMetadata metadata, ControllerContext context) 23: { 24: return new ModelClientValidationRequiredRule[] { new ModelClientValidationRequiredRule(this.ErrorMessageString) }; 25: } 26: } |
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