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Massive storm surge is occurring with Superstorm Sandy, and while Sandy is no longer a tropical cyclone, it will bring serious danger to the shorelines of the Northeast especially Monday evening.
(MORE: Latest Sandy maps, forecast)
Let's take a look at the threat.
Storm Surge Forecast Storm surge forecast for New York City, Long Island Sound, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Delaware Bay, the Delmarva Peninsula, and the Norfolk/Virginia Beach area.
New York City/Tri-State Area
The National Weather Serice in Upton, N.Y., serving the "Tri-State" area, is, in concert with the National Hurricane Center forecasting a life-threatening storm surge Monday through Tuesday morning, particularly during the Monday evening high tide.
(COASTAL FLOOD ALERTS: N.Y. | Conn.)
At 9:30 p.m. EDT, the tide gauge at The Battery in New York City reached 13.88 feet, surpassing the previous all-time record of 11.2 feet in 1821. Water continued to rise rapidly.
Water is being pushed north into New York Harbor from Lower Bay, and westward from Long Island Sound via the East River.
Western parts of Long Island Sound were already reporting storm surge of more than 12 feet above normal tide levels by early Monday evening.
As a result, water has inundated portions of the New York City area.
Irene Water Rise 2011 Water rise, or storm surge, observed during Hurricane Irene in August 2011 around New York City.
New Jersey
Atlantic City, Ventnor, and many other South Jersey shore communities flooded with Monday morning's high tide, despite a north wind blowing parallel to the Jersey Shore.
The culprit appears to be wave setup -- the slow piling of water caused by relentless wave action. In addition, water from other parts of Sandy's huge circulation may have been pushed into this area from farther offshore where winds were blowing more toward land.
Major to record coastal flooding is forecast for Monday evening's high tide, according to the NWS and NHC, leading to a very dangerous situation.
Sandy Hook, N.J., broke its record-high water marks from the December 1992 Nor'easter and 1960's Hurricane Donna.
Atlantic City's record from the December 1992 event is in jeopardy.
(MORE: Additional NWS N.J./Del. surge forecasts)
In areas with an offshore wind, there could be some water buildup on the bay side of the barrier islands and peninsulas.
New England
The NWS and NHC are forecasting moderate to major coastal flooding on the south coast of southern New England, as well as the eastern coast of Massachusetts through Tuesday morning's high tide.
(COASTAL FLOOD ALERTS: R.I. | Mass. | N.H. | Maine)
According to NWS, coastal flooding along the south coast of southern New England may be comparable to Hurricane Bob in 1991. Peak tides there would occur during Monday evening's high tide.
Particularly vulnerable to storm surge flooding is Narragansett Bay as far north as Providence, R.I.
Tides are also running more than 2 feet above normal in Boston Harbor and other areas along the coast of eastern Massachusetts.
Minor flooding during times of high tide area expected along the coasts of New Hampshire and Maine.
(MORE: New England prepares)
Storm Surge Forecast Storm surge forecast for North Carolina and South Carolina including the Outer Banks, Cape Hatteras, Albemarle Sound, Pamlico Sound, New Bern, Wilmington, and Myrtle Beach.
Delaware Bay to North Carolina
Delaware Bay has experienced significant surge, as water was pushed in while Sandy was farther south.
(COASTAL FLOOD ALERTS: Del. | Md. | Va. | N.C.)
(MORE: Mid-Atlantic roundup)
For Chesapeake Bay, some locations along Maryland's Eastern Shore have experienced storm surge flooding due to northwesterly winds pushing the water into inlets. Farther south, water levels peaked 4 to 5 feet above normal tide levels in the Norfolk, Va., area, but the tide anomalies will slowly diminish from here on out.
Sound-side flooding in eastern North Carolina's Outer Banks will continue through Tuesday with strong west winds; at high tide water levels of 3 to 6 feet above ground level are possible. Ocean-side flooding will diminish quickly because of those winds.
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