Throughout Finland's prehistory and history, cultural contacts and influences have concurrently, or at varying times, come from all directions. As a result of Swedish and Russian rule, cultural influences are still notable. Today, cultural influences from North America are prominent. Into the twenty-first century, many Finns have contacted cultures from distantly abroad, such as with those in Asia and Africa. Beyond tourism, Finnish youth in particular have been increasing their contact with peoples from outside Finland by traveling abroad to both work and study.
贯穿芬兰整个的史前历史和历史阶段， 来自各方面的文化接触和文化影响或同时发生，或发生在不同时段。由于瑞典和俄罗斯的统治，文化的影响依旧显著。今时今日，来自北美的文化影响非常明显。进入21世纪，许多芬兰人接触了来自远海那边的不同文化，比如亚洲和非洲的文化。除了旅游，芬兰的年轻人会特别通过旅居国外工作或学习来增加他们和芬兰之外的人的接触。
One of the most traditional activities characterized by the Finnish culture is cottage life by a lake, often combined with going to sauna, swimming and barbecuing. Many Finns are emotionally connected to the countryside and nature, as urbanization is a relatively recent phenomenon. The Finnish mentality is often characterized by less small talk and more honest and straight forward types of communication compared to other cultures.
芬兰文化中一个最具特色的传统活动是湖边小屋生活，它一般结合了桑拿浴，游泳和烧烤。许多芬兰人对乡村和自然有着浓厚的感情，因为城市化是相对近期的现象。和其他文化相比，芬兰人在各类交往中表现出少言、忠实和直率的精神特点。
There are still differences between regions, especially minor differences in accents and vocabulary. Minorities, such as the Sami, Swedish-speaking Finns, Romani, and Tatar, maintain their own cultural characteristics.
芬兰也有区域性差别，尤其是方言和词汇方面有的细微不同。其少数民族，比如萨米人，说瑞典语的芬兰人，罗马尼人和塔塔尔人，都保持了他们自己的文化特色。
Finns have made major contributions to handicrafts and industrial design. Finland's best-known sculptor of the twentieth century was W?in? Aaltonen, remembered for his monumental busts and sculptures. Finnish architecture is famous around the world. Among the top of the twentieth century Finnish architects to win international recognition are Eliel Saarinen (designer of the widely recognised Helsinki Central railway station and many other public works) and his son Eero Saarinen. Alvar Aalto, who helped bring the functionalist architecture to Finland, is also famous for his work in furniture and glassware.
芬兰人在手工艺和工业设计方面做出过重大贡献。芬兰二十世纪里最知名的雕像家是瓦特 阿尔托尼， 他以半身纪念像和雕塑为人所知。芬兰的建筑闻名世界。在二十世纪顶尖的建筑师之中，芬兰在国际上获得认可的建筑师是艾利尔 萨里南（闻名遐迩的赫尔辛基火车站和许多公共设施的设计者）和他的儿子埃罗 萨里南。阿尔瓦 阿尔托，将实用主义建筑带入芬兰的人，在家具和玻璃器皿方面的设计亦负有盛名。
Music
音乐
Much of the music of Finland is influenced by traditional Karelian melodies and lyrics, as comprised in the Kalevala. Karelian culture is perceived as the purest expression of the Finnic myths and beliefs, less influenced by Germanic influence, in contrast to Finland's position between the East and the West. Finnish folk music has undergone a roots revival in recent decades, and has become a part of popular music.
芬兰的多数音乐都受到传统的卡累利阿曲调和歌词的影响，融入了史诗《凯莱维拉》。卡累利阿文化被视为芬兰神话和信仰最纯粹的精华，极少受到日耳曼人势力的影响。对比芬兰地理位置的东部和西部，芬兰的民间音乐在近几十年经历了一次复兴，现已成为流行音乐的一部分。
The people of northern Finland, Sweden and Norway, the Sami, are known primarily for highly spiritual songs called Joik. The same word sometimes refers to lavlu or vuelie songs, though this is technically incorrect.
居住在北芬兰的人，瑞士人和挪威人，萨米人都因极其富有灵性的歌曲而闻名，其歌曲称为Joik吟唱。这种歌曲有时也被称为lavlu或者 vuelie，但理论上来说这种叫法是不对。
Modern Finnish popular music includes a number of prominent rock bands, jazz musicians, hip hop performers, and dance music acts such as Bomfunk MCs and Darude. Finnish electronic music such as the S?hk? Recordings record label enjoys underground acclaim. Iskelm? (coined directly from the German word Schlager, meaning hit) is a traditional Finnish word for a light popular song. Finnish popular music also includes various kinds of dance music; tango, a style of Argentine music, is also popular. One of the most productive composers of popular music was Toivo K?rki, and the most famous singer Olavi Virta (1915–1972). Among the lyricists, Sauvo Puhtila (born 1928), Reino Helismaa (1913–1965) and Veikko "Vexi" Salmi are the most remarkable authors. The composer and bandleader Jimi Tenor is well known for his brand of retro-funk music.
现代芬兰流行音乐囊括许多知名的摇滚乐队，爵士音乐人，街舞表演者和舞曲表演，例如有电波双人组和达鲁（芬兰首席电音DJ）。芬兰的电子音乐比如萨蔻唱片公司享有先锋派的盛誉。Iskelm?（直接出自德语 Schlager，意为成功）是一个形容流行轻音乐的传统芬兰词语。芬兰流行音乐也有不同类型的舞曲；探戈，一种阿根廷音乐，也很流行。流行音乐中意为最多产的作曲家是托瓦 卡尔奇，最著名的歌者是欧拉薇 维尔塔 (1915–1972)。在作词家中萨沃 菩提拉（生于1928年），雷诺 黑里斯玛阿(1913–1965)和维克 维希 萨尔米最为著名。作曲家和乐队头领吉米 忒诺尔则因其古风音乐而闻名。
Cuisine
美食
Traditional Finnish cuisine is a combination of European, Fennoscandian and Western Russian elements; table manners are European. The food is generally simple, fresh and healthy. Fish, meat, berries and ground vegetables are typical ingredients whereas spices are not common due to their historical unavailability. In years past, Finnish food often varied from region to region, most notably between the west and east. In coastal and lakeside villages, fish was a main feature of cooking, whereas in the eastern and also northern regions, vegetables and reindeer were more common. The prototypical breakfast is oatmeal or other continental-style foods such as bread. Lunch is usually a full warm meal, served by a canteen at workplaces. Dinner is eaten at around 16.00 to 18.00 at home.
传统芬兰菜系结合了欧洲，芬诺斯堪的亚地区和俄罗斯西部元素；餐桌礼仪则是欧式的。食物材料通常简单，新鲜，健康。鱼类，肉类浆果和蔬菜是其典型的元素，但香料并不常见于烹饪，这是因为其历史上的封闭。在过去几年，芬兰的不同地区有不同类型的食物，其中最明显的差异是东西部。在海岸和湖畔村庄，鱼是主要的食品，然而在东部和背部地区，蔬菜和驯鹿肉则更为常见。芬兰人最为典型的早餐是燕麦粥或其它欧陆类型的食品，比如面包。午餐常常是丰盛的热餐，由餐厅或公司提供。而晚餐则安排在下午4点到6点间，在家里吃。
Modern Finnish cuisine combines country fare and haute cuisine with contemporary continental cooking style. Today, spices are a prominent ingredient in many modern Finnish recipes, having been adopted from the east and west in recent decades.
现代芬兰菜把传统高级料理和当代欧陆烹饪风格结合起来。今时今日，香料是许多现代芬兰菜中的重要元素，在最近十几年，香料已被芬兰菜肴所接受。undefined
