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苏格兰（英語：Scotland；蓋爾語：Alba）是大不列顛與北愛爾蘭聯合王國下屬的王國之一，位於大不列顛島北部，英格蘭之北，约有510万人口，人口密度每平方公里67人。第一大城市格拉斯哥，约有60万人口， 是苏重镇；苏格兰的工业二大城市為爱丁堡，约有50万人口，為苏格兰自治政府所在地，乃政治、经济、文化中心。苏格兰人是性格粗犷，友好善良的人民，他们较好地保存了传统文化，在民歌、音乐、服饰上至今还保留着自己的民族特点。风笛、格子裙、高尔夫和威士忌是苏格兰人的标志。
                       Scotland Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba (Scottish Gaelic: [?al??ap?] ( listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland is made up of more than 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides. Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres.[16] Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital. The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707, although it had been in a personal union with the kingdoms of England and Ireland since James VI of Scotland succeeded to the English and Irish thrones in 1603. On 1 May 1707, Scotland entered into an incorporating political union with England to create the united Kingdom of Great Britain. This union resulted from the Treaty of Union agreed in 1706 and enacted by the twin Acts of Union passed by the Parliaments of both countries, despite popular opposition and anti-union riots in Edinburgh, Glasgow and elsewhere. Scotland's legal system continues to be separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, and Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in public and private law. The continued existence of legal, educational and religious institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the Union. In 1999, a devolved legislature, the Scottish Parliament, was reconvened with authority over many areas of home affairs following a successful referendum in 1997. In 2011, the Scottish National Party (SNP) won an overall majority in parliament and intends to hold a referendum on independence in the autumn of 2014. Scotland is a member nation of the British–Irish Council,[28] the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly and also participates within the Common Travel Area agreement. |
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