托福阅读考试题小汇总
Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:theinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce."InEurope,saidThomasJefferson,"theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingabundant:hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant.ItwasintheUnitedStates,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenth-centuryagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.
???Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrudeplow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturalimplementsontheirbacks;by1860,mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1790CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthisentirefortuneinintroducinghisinvention.Thefarmers,however,werenotinterestedinit,claimingthattheironpoisonedthesoilandmadetheweedsgrow.Nevertheless,manypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow,untilin1869JamesOliverofSouthBend,Indiana,turnedoutthefirstchilled-steelplow.
???1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?
???(A)Theneedforagriculturaladvancestohelpfeedagrowingpopulation
???(B)Thedevelopmentofsafermachinesdemandedbythelabormovement
???(C)Machinerythatcontributedtotheagriculturalrevolution
???(D)NewJerseyasaleaderintheagriculturalrevolution
???2.Theword"naturally"inline3isclosestinmeaningto
???(A)unsurprisingly
???(B)gradually
???(C)apparently
???(D)safely
3.Theexpression"makethemostof"inline4isclosestinmeaningto
???(A)getthebestyieldfrom
???(B)raisethepriceof
???(C)exaggeratetheworthof
???(D)earnalivingon
???4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromwhatThomasJeffersonsaid(line3-5)?
???(A)EuropewaschangingmorequicklythantheUnitedStates.
???(B)EuropehadgreaterneedoffarmmachinerythantheUnitedStatesdid.
???(C)TheUnitedStateswasfinallyrunningoutofgoodfarmland.
???(D)TherewasashortageofworkersonUnitedStatesfarms.
???5.Theword"here"inline4refersto
???(A)Europe
???(B)UnitedStates
???(C)NewJersey
???(D)Indiana
???6.Whatpointistheauthormakingbystatingthatfarmerscouldcarrynearlyalltheirtoolsontheirbacks.
???(A)Farmershadfewtoolsbeforetheagriculturalrevolution.
???(B)PeopleintheUnitedStatesweretraditionallyself-reliant.
???(C)Lifeonthefarmwasextremelydifficult.
???(D)Newtoolsweredesignedtobeportable.
???7.Whenwastheironplowinvented?
???(A)In1790.
(B)Intheearly1800s.
???(C)In1869.
???(D)Intheearly1900s.
???8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutCharlesNewboldistrue?
???(A)HewasJamesOliversassistant.
???(B)HewasborninEurope.
???(C)Hewasopposedtoscientificagriculture.
???(D)Hespenthisownmoneytopromotehisinvention.
???9.Theword"it"inline12refersto
???(A)scientificagriculture
???(B)JamesOliversinvention
???(C)thecast-ironplow
???(D)CharlesNewboldsfortune
???10.WhydidfarmersrejectNewboldsplow?
???(A)Theirhorseswerefrightenedbyit.
???(B)Theypreferredlightertools.
???(C)Itwastooexpensive.
?(D)Theythoughtitwouldruintheland.
HotelswereamongtheearliestfacilitiesthatboundtheUnitedStatestogether.Theywerebothcreaturesandcreatorsofcommunities,aswellassymptomsofthefreneticquestforcommunity.Eveninthefirstpartofthenineteenthcentury,Americanswerealreadyformingthehabitofgatheringfromallcornersofthenationforbothpublicandprivate,businessandpleasurepurposes.Conventionswerethenewoccasions,andhotelsweredistinctivelyAmericanfacilitiesmakingconven-tionspossible.ThefirstnationalconventionofamajorpartytochooseacandidateforPresident(thatoftheNationalRepublicanparty,whichmetonDecember12,1831,andnominatedHenryClayforPresident)washeldinBaltimore,atahotelthatwasthenreputedtobethebestinthecountry.ThepresenceinBaltimoreofBarnumsCityHotel,asix-storybuildingwithtwohundredapartmentshelpsexplainwhymanyotherearlynationalpoliticalconventionswereheldthere.Inthelongerrun,too.Americanhotelsmadeothernationalconventionsnotonlypossiblebutpleasantandconvivial.Thegrowingcustomofregularlyassemblingfromafartherepresentativesofallkindsofgroups-notonlyforpoliticalconventions,butalsoforcommercial,professional,learned,andavocationalones-inturnsupportedthemultiplyinghotels.Bymid-twentiethcentury,conventionsaccountedforoverathirdoftheyearlyroomoccupancyofallhotelsinthenation,abouteighteenthousanddifferentconventionswereheldannuallywithatotalattendanceofabouttenmillionpersons.Nineteenth-centuryAmericanhotelkeepers,whowerenolongerthegenial,deferential"hosts"oftheeighteenth-centuryEuropeaninn,becameleadingcitizens.Holdingalargestakeinthecommunity,theyexercisedpowertomakeitprosper.Asownersormanagersofthelocal"palaceofthepublic",theyweremakersandshapersofaprincipalcommunityattraction.Travelersfromabroadweremildlyshockedbythishighsocialposition.1.Theword"bound"inline1isclosestinmeaningto(A)led(B)protected(C)tied(D)strengthened2.TheNationalRepublicanpartyismentionedinline10asanexampleofagroup(A)fromBaltimore(B)oflearnedpeople(C)owningahotel(D)holdingaconvention3.Theword"assembling"inline19isclosestinmeaningto(A)announcing(B)motivating(C)gathering(D)contracting4.Theword"ones"inline22refersto(A)hotels(B)conventions(C)kinds(D)representatives5.Theword"it"inline30refersto(A)Europeaninn(B)host(C)community(D)public6.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatearlyhotelkeepersintheUnitedStateswere(A)activepoliticians(B)Europeanimmigrants(C)Professionalbuilders(D)Influentialcitizens7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutearlyAmericanhotelsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?(A)Travelersfromabroaddidnotenjoystayinginthem.(B)Conventionswereheldinthem(C)Peopleusedthemforbothbusinessandpleasure.(D)Theywereimportanttothecommunity.Question8-17Beadswereprobablythefirstdurableornamentshumanspossessed,andtheintimaterelationshiptheyhadwiththeirownersisreflectedinthefactthatbeadsareamongthemostcommonitemsfoundinancientarchaeologicalsites.Inthepast,astoday,men,women,andchildrenadornedthem-selveswithbeads.Insomeculturesstill,certainbeadsareoftenwornfrombirthuntildeath,andthenareburiedwiththeirownersfortheafterlife.Abrasionduetodailywearaltersthesurfacefeaturesofbeads,andiftheyareburiedforlong,theeffectsofcorrosioncanfurtherchangetheirappearance.Thus,interestisimpartedtothebeadbothbyuseandtheeffectsoftime.Besidestheirwearability,eitherasjewelryorincorporatedintoarticlesofattire,beadspossessthedesirablecharacteristicsofeverycollectible,theyaredurable,portable,availableininfinitevariety,andoftenvaluableintheiroriginalculturalcontextaswellasintodaysmarket.Pleasingtolookatandtouch,beadscomeinshapes,colors,andmaterialsthatalmostcompelonetohandlethemandtosortthem.Beadsareminiaturebundlesofsecretswaitingtoberevealed:theirhistory,manufacture,culturalcontext,economicrole,andornamentaluseareallpointsofinformationonehopestounravel.Eventhemostmundanebeadsmayhavetraveledgreatdistancesandbeenexposedtomanyhumanexperiences.Thebeadresearchermustgatherinformationfrommanydiversefields.Inadditiontohavingtobeageneralistwhilespecializinginwhatmayseemtobeanarrowfield,theresearcherisfacedwiththeproblemofprimarymaterialsthathavelittleornodocumentation.Manyancientbeadsthatareofethnographicinteresthaveoftenbeenseparatedfromtheiroriginalculturalcontext.Thespecialattractionsofbeadscontributetotheuniquenessofbeadresearch.Whileoftenregardedasthe"smallchangeofcivilizations",beadsareapartofeveryculture,andtheycanoftenbeusedtodatearchaeologicalsitesandtodesignatethedegreeofmercantile,technological,andculturalsophistication.8.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?(A)Materialsusedinmakingbeads.(B)Howbeadsaremade(C)Thereasonsforstudyingbeads(D)Differenttypesofbeads9.Theword"adorned"inline5isclosestinmeaningto(A)protected(B)decorated(C)purchased(D)enjoyed10.Theword"attire"inline14isclosestinmeaningto(A)ritual(B)importance(C)clothing(D)history11.AllofthefollowingaregivenascharacteristicsofcollectibleobjectsEXCEPT(A)durability(B)portability(C)value(D)scarcity.12.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingarefactorsthatmakepeoplewanttotouchbeadsEXCEPTthe(A)shape(B)color(C)material(D)odor13.Theword"unravel"inline23isclosestinmeaningto(A)communicate(B)transport(C)improve(D)discover14.Theword"mundane"inline16isclosestinmeaningto(A)carved(B)beautiful(C)ordinary(D)heavy15.Itisdifficulttotracethehistoryofcertainancientbeadsbecausethey(A)aresmallinsize(B)havebeenburiedunderground(C)havebeenmovedfromtheiroriginallocations(D)arefrequentlylost16.Knowledgeofthehistoryofsomebeadsmaybeusefulinthestudiesdonebywhichofthefollowing?(A)Anthropologists(B)Agriculturalexperts(C)Medicalresearchers(D)Economists17.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthordescribewhytheappearanceofbeadsmaychange?(A)Lines3-4(B)Lines6-8(C)Lines12-13(D)Lines20-22.Question18-31Intheworldofbirds,billdesignisaprimeexampleofevolutionaryfine-tuning.Shorebirdssuchasoystercatchersusetheirbillstopryopenthetightlysealedshellsoftheirprey,hummingbirdshavestiletto-likebillstoprobethedeepestnectar-bearingflowers,andkiwissmelloutearthwormsthankstonostrilslocatedatthetipoftheirbeaks.Butfewbirdsaremoreintimatelytiedtotheirsourceofsustenancethanarecrossbills.Twospeciesofthesefinches,namedforthewaytheupperandlowerpartsoftheirbillscross,ratherthanmeetinthemiddle,resideintheevergreenforestsofNorthAmericaandfeedontheseedsheldwithintheconesofconiferoustrees.
Theefficiencyofthebillisevidentwhenacrossbilllocatesacone.Usingalateralmotionofitslowermandible,thebirdseparatestwooverlappingscalesontheconeandexposestheseed.Thecrossedmandiblesenablethebirdtoexertapowerfulbitingforceatthebilltips,whichiscriticalformaneuveringthembetweenthescalesandspreadingthescalesapart.Next,thecrossbillsnakesitslongtongueintothegapanddrawsouttheseed.Usingthecombinedactionofthebillandtongue,thebirdcracksopenanddiscardsthewoodyseedcoveringactionandswallowsthenutritiousinnerkernel.Thiswholeprocesstakesbutafewsecondsandisrepeatedhundredsoftimesaday.Thebillsofdifferentcrossbillspeciesandsubspeciesvary-somearestoutanddeep,othersmoreslanderandshallow.Asarule,large-billedcrossbillsarebetteratsecuringseedsfromlargecones,whilesmall-billedcrossbillsaremoredeftatremovingtheseedsfromsmall,thin-scaledcones.Moreover,thedegreetowhichconesarenaturallyslightlyopenortightlyclosedhelpsdeterminewhichbilldesignisthebest.OneanomalyisthesubspeciesofredcrossbillknownastheNewfoundlandcrossbill.Thisbirdhasalarge,robustbill,yetmostofNewfoundlandsconifershavesmallcones,thesamekindofconesthattheslender-billedwhite-wingsrelyon.18.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)Theimportanceofconifersinevergreenforests(B)Theefficiencyofthebillofthecrossbill(C)Thevarietyoffoodavailableinaforest(D)Thedifferenttechniquesbirdsusetoobtainfood19.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthetypeof"evolutionaryfine-turning"mentionedinline1?(A)Differentshapesofbillshaveevolveddependingontheavailablefoodsupply(B)White-wingcrossbillshaveevolvedfromredcrossbills(C)Newfoundlandsconifershaveevolvedsmallcones(D)Severalsubspeciesofcrossbillshaveevolvedfromtwospecies20.Whydoestheauthormentionoystercatchers,hummingbirds,andkiwisinlines2-5?(A)Theyareexamplesofbirdsthatliveintheforest(B)Theirbeaksaresimilartothebeakofthecrossbill(C)Theyillustratetherelationshipbetweenbilldesignandfoodsupply(D)Theyarecloselyrelatedtothecrossbill21.Crossbillsareatypeof(A)shorebird(B)hummingbird(C)kiwi(D)finch22.Whichofthefollowingmostcloselyresemblesthebirddescribedinlines8-11?(A)（图）(B)（图）(C)（图）(D)（图）23.Theword"which"inline16refersto(A)seed(B)bird(C)force(D)bill24.Theword"gap"inline18isclosestinmeaningto(A)opening(B)flower(C)mouth(D)tree25.Theword"discards"inline20isclosestinmeaningto(A)eats(B)breaks(C)findsout(D)getsridof26.Theword"others"inline25refersto(A)bills(B)species(C)seeds(D)cones27.Theword"deft"inline27isclosestinmeaningto(A)hungry(B)skilled(C)tired(D)pleasant28.Theword"robust"inline32isclosestinmeaningto(A)strong(B)colorful(C)unusual(D)sharp29.InwhatwayistheNewfoundlandcrossbillananomaly?(A)Itislargerthantheothercrossbillspecies(B)Itusesadifferenttechniquetoobtainfood(C)Thesizeofitsbilldoesnotfitthesizeofitsfoodsource(D)Itdoesnotliveinevergreenforests.30.Thefinalparagraphofthepassagewillprobablycontinuewithadiscussionof(A)otherspeciesofforestbirds(B)thefragileecosystemofNewfoundland(C)whatmammalsliveintheforestsofNorthAmerica(D)howtheNewfoundlandcrossbillsurviveswithalargebill31.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthordescribehowacrossbillremovesaseedfromitscone?(A)Thefirstparagraph(B)Thesecondparagraph(C)Thethirdparagraph(D)TheforthparagraphQuestion32-38IfyoulookcloselyatsomeoftheearlycopiesoftheDe-larationofIndependence,beyondtheflourishedsignatureofJohnHancockandtheother55menwhosignedit,youwillalsofindthenameofonewoman,MaryKatherineGoddard.Itwasshe,aBaltimoreprinter,whopublishedthefirstofficialcopiesoftheDeclaration,thefirstcopiesthatincludedthenamesofitssignersandthereforeheraldedthesupportofallthirteencolonies.MaryGoddardfirstgotintoprintingattheageoftwenty-fourwhenherbrotheropenedaprintingshopinProvidence,RhodeIsland,in1762.Whenheproceededtogetintotroublewithhispartnersandcreditors,itwasMaryGoddardandhermotherwhowerelefttoruntheshop.In1765theybeganpublishingtheProvidenceGazette,aweeklynewspaper.SimilarproblemsseemedtofollowherbrotherasheopenedbusinessesinPhiladelphiaandagaininBaltimore.EachtimeMs.Goddardwasbroughtintorunthenewspapers.AfterstartingBaltimoresfirstnewspaper,TheMarylandJournal,in1773,herbrotherwentbroketryingtoorganizeacolonialpostalservice.Whilehewasindebtorsprison.MaryKatherineGoddardsnameappearedonthenewspapersmastheadforthefirsttime.WhentheContinentalCongressfledtherefromPhiladelphiain1776,itcommissionedMs.GoddardtoprintthefirstofficialversionoftheDeclarationofIndependenceinJanuary1777.Afterprintingthedocuments,sheherselfpaidthepostriderstodelivertheDeclarationthroughoutthecolonies.DuringtheAmericanRevolution,MaryGoddardcontinuedtopublishBaltimoresonlynewspaper,whichonehistorianclaimedwas"secondtononeamongthecolonies".Shewasalsothecityspostmasterfrom1775to1789-appointedbyBenjaminFranklin-andisconsideredtobethefirstwomantoholdafederalposition.32.Withwhichofthefollowingsubjectsisthepassagemainlyconcerned?
(A)Theaccomplishmentsofafemalepublisher(B)Theweaknessofthenewspaperindustry(C)Therightsofafemalepublisher(D)ThepublishingsystemincolonialAmerica33.MaryGoddardsnameappearsontheDeclarationofIndependencebecause(A)shehelpedwritetheoriginaldocument(B)shepublishedthedocument(C)shepaidtohavethedocumentprinted(D)herbrotherwasinprison34.Theword"heralded"inline7isclosestinmeaningto(A)influenced(B)announced(C)rejected(D)ignored35.Accordingtothepassage,MaryGoddardfirstbecameinvolvedinpublishingwhenshe
(A)wasappointedbyBenjaminFranklin(B)signedtheDeclarationofIndependence.(C)tookoverherbrothersprintingshop(D)movedtoBaltimore36.Theword"there"inline23refersto(A)thecolonies(B)theprintshop(C)Baltimore(D)Providence37.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatMaryGoddardwas(A)anaccomplishedbusinesswoman(B)extremelywealthy(C)amemberoftheContinentalCongress(D)afamouswriter38.Theword"position"inline33isclosestinmeaningto(A)job(B)election(C)document(D)locationQuestion39-50Galaxiesarethemajorbuildingblocksoftheuniverse.Agalaxyisgiantfamilyofmanymillionsofstars,anditisheldtogetherbyitsowngravitationalfield.Mostofthematerialuniverseisorganizedintogalaxiesofstarstogetherwithgasanddust.Therearethreemaintypesofgalaxy:spiral,elliptical,andirregular.TheMilkyWayisaspiralgalaxy,aflattishdiscofstarswithtwospiralarmsemergingfromitscentralnucleus.Aboutone-quarterofallgalaxieshavethisshape.Spiralgalaxiesarewellsuppliedwiththeinterstellargasinwhichnewstarsform:astherotatingspiralpatternsweepsaroundthegalaxyitcompressesgasanddust,triggeringtheformationofbrightyoungstarsandinitsarms.Theellipticalgalaxieshaveasymmetricalellipticalorspheroidalshapewithnoobviousstructure.Mostoftheirmemberstarsareveryoldandsinceellipticalsaredevoidofinterstellargas,nonewstarsareforminginthem.Thebiggestandbrightestgalaxiesintheuniverseareellipticalswithmassesofabout1013timesthatoftheSun,thesegiantsmayfrequentlybesourcesofstrongradioemission,inwhichcasetheyarecalledradiogalaxies.Abouttwo-thirdsofallgalaxiesareelliptical.Irregulargalaxiescompriseaboutone-tenthofallgalaxiesandtheycomeinmanysubclasses.Measurementinspaceisquitedifferentfrommeasure-mentonEarth.Someterrestrialdistancescanbeexpressedasintervalsoftime,thetimetoflyfromonecontinenttoanotherorthetimeittakestodrivetowork,forexample.Bycomparisonwiththesefamiliaryardsticks,thedistancestothegalaxiesareincomprehensiblylarge,buttheytooaremademoremanageablebyusingatimecalibration,inthiscasethedistancethatlighttravelsinoneyear.Onsuchascalethenearestgiantspiralgalaxy,theAndromedagalaxy,istwomillionlightyearsaway.Themostdistantluminousobjectsseenbytelescopesareprobablytenthousandmillionlightyearsaway.TheirlightwasalreadyhalfwayherebeforetheEarthevenformed.ThelightfromthenearbyVirgogalaxysetoutwhenreptilesstilldominatedtheanimalworld.39.Theword"major"inline1isclosestinmeaningto(A)intense(B)principal(C)huge(D)unique40.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?(A)TheMilkyWay(B)Majorcategoriesofgalaxies(C)Howellipticalgalaxiesareformed(D)Differencesbetweenirregularandspiralgalaxies41.Theword"which"inline10refersto(A)dust(B)gas(C)pattern(D)galaxy42.Accordingtothepassage,newstarsareformedinspiralgalaxiesdueto(A)anexplosionofgas(B)thecompressionofgasanddust(C)thecombiningofoldstars(D)strongradioemissions43.Theword"symmetrical"inline14isclosestinmeaningto(A)proportionallybalanced(B)commonlyseen(C)typicallylarge(D)steadilygrowing44.Theword"obvious"inline14isclosestinmeaningto(A)discovered(B)apparent(C)understood(D)simplistic45.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofellipticalgalaxies?(A)Theyarethelargestgalaxies.(B)Theymostlycontainoldstars.(C)Theycontainahighamountofinterstellargas.(D)Theyhaveasphericalshape.46.Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsofradiogalaxiesismentionedinthepassage?(A)Theyareatypeofellipticalgalaxy.(B)Theyareusuallytoosmalltobeseenwithatelescope.(C)Theyarecloselyrelatedtoirregulargalaxies.(D)Theyarenotasbrightasspiralgalaxies.47.Whatpercentageofgalaxiesareirregular?(A)10%(B)25%(C)50%(D)75%48.Theword"they"inline29refersto(A)intervals(B)yardsticks(C)distances(D)galaxies49.WhydoestheauthormentiontheVirgogalaxyandtheAndromedagalaxyinthethirdparagraph?(A)Todescribetheeffectthatdistancehasnovisibility.(B)Tocomparetheagesoftworelativelyyounggalaxies.(C)ToemphasizethevastdistancesofthegalaxiesfromEarth.(D)Toexplainwhycertaingalaxiescannotbeseenbyatelescope.50.Theword"dominated"inline37isclosestinmeaningto(A)threatened(B)replaced(C)weredevelopingin(D)wereprevalentin
托福（TOEFL）考试阅读模拟试题
Questions31-40
GlacierNationalparkinMontanasharesboundarieswithCanada,anAmericanIndianreservation,andanationalforest.AlongtheNorthForkoftheFlatheadRiver,theparkalsobordersabout17,000acresofprivatelandsthatarecurrentlyusedforranching,timber,andagriculture.Thislandisanimportantpartofthehabitatandmigratoryroutesforseveralendangeredspeciesthatfrequentthepark.Theseprivatelandsareessentiallytheonlyonesavailablefordevelopmentintheregion.
Withencouragementfromthepark,locallandownersinitiatedaland-useplanningefforttoguidethefutureoftheNorthFork.Theparkisapartnerinaninterlocalagreementthatcallsforresource-managingagenciestoworktogetherandwiththemorethan400privateownersinthearea.Adraftplanhasbeenprepared,withtheobjectiveofmaintainingtraditionaleconomicusesbutlimitingnewdevelopmentthatwoulddamageparkresources.Voluntaryactionbylandowners,incooperationwiththeparkandthecounty,ishelpingtorestrictsmall-lotsubdivisions,maintainwildlifecorridors,andminimizeanyharmfulimpactontheenvironment.
ThewillingnessoflocallandownerstoparticipateinthisprotectioneffortmayhavebeenstimulatedbyconcernsthatCongresswouldimposealegislativesolution.
Nevertheless,manylocalresidentswanttoretaintheexistingcharacterofthearea.
Meetingsbetweenparkofficialsandlandownershaveledtoadramaticallyimprovedunderstandingofallconcerns.
31.Thepassagemainlydiscusses
(A)theendangeredspeciesinGlacierNationalPark
(B)theprotectionoflandssurroundingGlacierNationalPark
(C)conservationlawsimposedbythestateofMontana
(D)conservationlawsimposedbyCongress
32.WhyaretheprivatelandssurroundingGlacierNationalParksoimportant?
(A)Theyfunctionasahuntingpreserve.
(B)Theyarerestrictedtogovernmentuse.
(C)Theyareheavilypopulated.
(D)Theycontainnaturalhabitatsofthreatenedspecies.
33.Theword"ones"inline6refersto
(A)privatelands
(B)endangeredspecies
(C)migratoryroutes
(D)ranching,timber,agriculture
34.Theword"initiated"inline7isclosestinmeaningto
(A)started
(B)requested
(C)purchased
(D)considered
35.Therelationshipbetweenparkofficialsandneighboringlandownersmaybestbe
describedas
(A)indifferent
(B)intimate
(C)cooperative
(D)disappointing
36.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamajorinterestoftheofficialsofGlacier
NationalParkisto
(A)limitlanddevelopmentaroundthepark
(B)establishanewParkinMontana
(C)influencenationallegislation
(D)settleborderdisputeswithCanada
37.Inlines15-16,theauthorimpliesthatlandownersmightberespondingtoenvironmental
concernsforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
(A)Theywishtostimulateeconomicgrowth.
(B)Theywishtoimprovetheirpublicimage.
(C)Theyhaveatraditionofcooperatingwiththegovernment.
(D)Theyfearfederallegislation.
38.Theword"stimulated"inline16isclosestinmeaningto
(A)motivated
(B)anticipated
(C)substituted
(D)undermined
39.Theword"retain"inline17isclosestinmeaningto
(A)preserve
(B)possess
(C)enjoy
(D)improve
40.Whereinthepassagedoestheauthormentionthepurposeoftheplandeveloped
bylocallandownersandparkofficials?
(A)Lines1-2
(B)Lines4-6
(C)Lines10-14
(D)Lines15-17
Question41-50
Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation——conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind.
Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.
Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.
Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.
IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.
4l.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
(A)Theelementsofsalt
(B)Thebodiesofwateroftheworld
(C)Themanyformsofoceanlife
(D)Thesalinityofoceanwater
42.Theword"this"inline5refersto
(A)ocean
(B)evaporation
(C)salinity
(D)crystals
43.Accordingtothepassage,theoceangenerallyhasmoresaltin
(A)coastalareas
(B)tropicalareas
(C)rainyareas
(D)turbulentareas
44.AllofthefollowingareprocessesthatdecreasesalinityEXCEPT
(A)evaporation
(B)precipitation
(C)runoff
(D)melting
45.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesalinityofabodywatercanbestbe
inferredfromthepassage?
(A)Thetemperatureofthewateristhemostimportantfactor.
(B)Thespeedwithwhichwatermovesisdirectlyrelatedtotheamountofsalt.
(C)Oceansalinityhaslittleeffectonsealife.
(D)Variousfactorscombinetocausevariationsinthesaltcontentofwater.
46.Theword"altered"inline16isclosestinmeaningto
(A)determined
(B)changed
(C)accumulated
(D)needed
47.Theworld"it"inline18refersto
(A)seaice
(B)salinity
(C)seawater
(D)manner
48.WhydoestheauthormentiontheWeddellSea?
(A)Toshowthatthisbodyofwaterhassalinityvariations
(B)TocompareAntarcticwaterswithArcticwaters
(C)Togiveanexampleofincreasedsalinityduetofreezing
(D)Topointoutthelocationofdeepwaters
49.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaresultoftheformationofoceanice?
(A)Thesaltremainsinthewater.
(B)Thesurroundingwatersinks.
(C)Watersalinitydecreases.
(D)Thewaterbecomesdenser.
50.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewaternearthebottomofoceans?
(A)Itisrelativelywarm.
(B)Itssalinityisrelativelyhigh.
(C)Itdoesnotmove.
(D)Itevaporatesquickly.
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