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简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题
2013-02-07 | 阅:  转:  |  分享 
  
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语基本句型一:?S十V主谓结构

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,等等。如:1).学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________

2).她再次向我道歉。_______________________________________

3).事故是昨天晚上发生的。_____________________________________

补充:少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语,这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的,这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。

常见的能带同源宾语的动词有:lead,live,die,sleep,dream,breathe,smile,laugh,fight,run,sing等。例如:

4).UndertheleadershipoftheParty,thepeasantsleadahappylife.

_______________________________________________________________________。

5).Idreamedaterribledreamlastnight.__________________________________________。

6).OursoldiersfoughtawonderfulfightagainstthefloodslastAugust.

______________________________________________________________________。

7).Hediedagloriousdeath._____________________________________________________。

基本句型二:??S十V十P主系表结构

这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。如:8)Weshould____________________anytime.?????我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。9)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________.

B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如:

10)?Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。

11)?Don''thavethefood._______________________________.

不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。12)?Thefact_____________________.?????这个事实证明是正确的。

基本句型三:S十V十O主谓宾结构

这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:

13)我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.14)Youplacemeinadifficultsituation.________________________________________。

15)Theyfinallymanagedtogetalongwithus._____________________________________。

16)Theyhave_________________________ofthechildren.这些孩子他们照看得很好。

17)Idon’tlikebeingtreatedlikethis.________________________________。

基本句型四:S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构,O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语

这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。如:18)Yesterdayherfather________________________________________asabirthday???????present.??昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19)TheoldmanistellingthechildrenstoriesintheLongMarch.

___________________________________________________。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:

A.动词+直接宾语+forsb.;

B.动词+直接宾语+tosb.。

20)Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.==Please_____________________________________.??请把你的画给我看一下。

21)I''llofferyouagoodchanceaslongasyoudontloseheart.==

I''lloffer________________________________________aslongasyoudon''tloseheart.

只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。

基本句型五:S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构

这种句型中的宾语+补语可统称为“复合宾语”,作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:22)Keep________________________________,please.请让孩子们安静下来。23)他把墙漆成白色。________________________________________________________.24)我们发现他是一个诚实的人。______________________________________________.注意:动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,observe,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:

25)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.______________________________________。

英语简单句翻译练习我想把王同志介绍给你。I?want?to?introduce?Comrade?Wang?to?you.2.?依我看,他在浪费时间。In?my?opinion,?he?is?wasting?time.3.?由于大火的结果,成千上万的人失去了家园。As?a?result?of?the?fire,?thousands?of?people?lost?their?homes.4.?你能说英语,我也能。You?can?speak?English,?and?so?can?I.5.?学生们一路上不停地说笑。The?students?went?on?talking?and?laughing?all?the?way.6.?我妈妈叫我做作业,而不是洗碗。My?mother?asked?me?to?do?my?homework?instead?of?washing?dishes.7.?在公共场合,不允许人们吸烟。People?aren’t?allowed?to?smoke?in?public?places.8.?昨天下午我妈在那家商店给我买了橡皮、小刀和铅笔盒等。Yesterday?afternoon?my?mother?bought?me?an?eraser,?a?knife,?a?pencil-box?and?so?on.9.?你怎样在夏天把水变成冰呢?How?can?you?change?water?into?ice?in?summer?10.?我英语发音方面有些困难。I?have?some?difficulty?in?English?pronunciation.11.?你打算到北京呆多久呢?How?long?are?you?going?to?stay?in?Beijing?12.?祝你在深圳玩得愉快。Have?a?pleasant/wouderful?time?in?Shezhen.13.?这顶帽子是由手工而不是机器做的。The?hat?is?made?by?hand?not?by?machine.14.?明天晚上我要到机场去送我姨妈。Tomorrow?evening?I’m?going?to?the?airport?to?see?my?aunt?off.15.?在我的家乡过去大量的小树被砍掉了。In?the?past?plenty?of?little?trees?were?cut?down?in?my?hometown.16.?所有的学生都必须遵守校规。All?the?students?must?obey?the?school?rules.17.?事实上,我非常喜欢学英语。In?fact,?I?like?to?study?English?very?much.18.?有时,英语口语完全不同于英语书面语。Sometimes?spoken?English?is?different?from?written?English.19.?我可以看一看那张照片吗?May?I?have?a?look?at?that?photo?20.?每年我花费二百元买书。I?spend?200?yuan?on?books?every?year.21.?我们学校图书馆将为学生们提供各种类型的书。The?library?of?our?school?will?suply?all?kinds?of?books?to?the?students.22.?下一年我的家乡将建一所新医院。A?new?hospital?will?be?built?in?my?hometown?next?year.23.?一年级的学生的英语学习从ABC开始学起。The?students?of?Junior?One?begin?to?learn?English?with?ABC.24.?许多人在这次车祸中丧生,仅有少数幸运者没有受伤。A?lot?of?people?lost?their?lives?in?the?accident.?Only?a?few?lucky?ones?were?not?injuired.25.?玉米最先在美国种植。Corn?was?first?grown?in?America.26.?再来块豆腐好吗?Would?you?like?another?piece?of?beancurd?27.?飞机比火车重20倍。The?plane?is?twenty?times?heavier?than?the?car.28.?你离开家乡有多久了?3年。How?long?have?you?been?away?from?your?hometown?Three?year.29.?每人只允许从图书馆借两本书。Everyone?is?allowed?to?borrow?2?books?from?the?library.30.?吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果对你的健康很有益。Eating?fresh?fruits?and?vegetables?is?good?for?your?hearlth.31.?由于老师的帮助,他考上了一所名牌学校。Thanks?to?the?teachers’?help,?he?could?enter?a?famous?college.32.?这件上衣有点大,请您换一件小的,好吗?The?coat?is?a?bit?larger.?Will?you?please?change?for?a?smaller?one?33.?我的父母下周将出国。My?parents?will?go?abroad?next?week.34.?我每隔两天(每三天)去那里一趟。I?go?there?every?three?days.35.?外面在下大雨,可是我认为我们还是该出去了。It?is?raining?hard,?however,?I?think?we?should?go?out.36.?在二十世纪八十年代,电话开始进入中国的许多家庭。In?the?1980s,?telephones?began?to?go?into?many?Chinese?families.37.?同学们对新来的老师评价很好。The?students?thought?well?of?their?new?teacher.38.?这份英语报纸深受英语学习者的欢迎。The?English?paper?is?popular?with?the?English?learners.39.?到目前为止我们没有取得成功。So?far?we?haven’t?had?any?success.40.?这项决定非常重要。The?decision?is?of?great?importance.41.?你为何不跟我一起走呢?Why?don’t?you?go?with?me?42.?教室里只有十来个学生。There?are?no?more?than?ten?students?in?the?classroom.43.小偷挣脱了警察逃跑了。The?thief?broken?away?from?the?policeman?and?ran?away.44.?我们应当竭尽全力帮助那个可怜的老人。We?should?try?our?best?to?help?that?poor?old?man.45.?人们认为他是一个热心肠的人。He?is?considered?to?be?a?warm-hearted?man.46.我发现他很滑稽可笑。I?find?him?very?funny.47.?我一定把工作做好。I?will?try?my?best?to?do?the?work?well.48.你的功课学的怎么样?How?are?you?getting?along?with?your?studies?49.他过去喜欢乡村音乐现在则喜欢爵士乐。He?used?to?like?country?music,?but?now?he?prefers?Jazz.50.这些小树长得很好。The?young?trees?are?growing?well.51.这些年来你到哪里去了?Where?have?you?been?all?these?years?52.我将让学生们制定一份学外语的计划。I’ll?get?the?students?to?make?a?plan?for?learning?a?foreign?language.53.这本书过去很受欢迎,但现在没人看了。The?book?was?once?very?popular?but?nobody?reads?it?today.54.他宁可呆在家里也不愿见她。He?prefers?to?stay?at?home?rather?than?(to)meet?her.21.?我们学校图书馆将为学生们提供各种类型的书。The?library?of?our?school?will?suply?all?kinds?of?books?to?the?students.22.?下一年我的家乡将建一所新医院。A?new?hospital?will?be?built?in?my?hometown?next?year.23.?一年级的学生的英语学习从ABC开始学起。The?students?of?Junior?One?begin?to?learn?English?with?ABC.24.?许多人在这次车祸中丧生,仅有少数幸运者没有受伤。A?lot?of?people?lost?their?lives?in?the?accident.?Only?a?few?lucky?ones?were?not?injuired.25.?玉米最先在美国种植。Corn?was?first?grown?in?America.26.?再来块豆腐好吗?Would?you?like?another?piece?of?beancurd?27.?飞机比火车重20倍。The?plane?is?twenty?times?heavier?than?the?car.28.?你离开家乡有多久了?3年。How?long?have?you?been?away?from?your?hometown?Three?year.29.?每人只允许从图书馆借两本书。Everyone?is?allowed?to?borrow?2?books?from?the?library.30.?吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果对你的健康很有益。Eating?fresh?fruits?and?vegetables?is?good?for?your?hearlth.31.?由于老师的帮助,他考上了一所名牌学校。Thanks?to?the?teachers’?help,?he?could?enter?a?famous?college.32.?这件上衣有点大,请您换一件小的,好吗?The?coat?is?a?bit?larger.?Will?you?please?change?for?a?smaller?one?33.?我的父母下周将出国。My?parents?will?go?abroad?next?week.34.?我每隔两天(每三天)去那里一趟。I?go?there?every?three?days.35.?外面在下大雨,可是我认为我们还是该出去了。It?is?raining?hard,?however,?I?think?we?should?go?out.36.?在二十世纪八十年代,电话开始进入中国的许多家庭。In?the?1980s,?telephones?began?to?go?into?many?Chinese?families.37.?同学们对新来的老师评价很好。The?students?thought?well?of?their?new?teacher.38.?这份英语报纸深受英语学习者的欢迎。The?English?paper?is?popular?with?the?English?learners.39.?到目前为止我们没有取得成功。So?far?we?haven’t?had?any?success.



复合句的翻译练习

1.当你离开教室时,务必关灯。

Besuretoturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.

2.你一旦开始,就必须进行下去。Onceyoubegin,youmustgoon.

3.如果你不快点,你就会误了火车。

You’llmissthetrainunlessyouhurryup.

4.这个男孩说他曾经和一位美国人讲过英语。

TheboysaidhehadeverspokenEnglishtoanAmerican.

5.老师告诉我们英国英语与美国英语拼写方面有些不同。

TheteachertoldusthatthereweresomedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishinspelling.

6.如果今天下午下雨的话,我就乘出租车去上学。

Ifitrainsthisafternoon,I’lltakeataxitogotoschool.

7.为了赶上头班车我明天得起得早点。

I’vetogetupearlytomorrowsothatIcancatchthefirstbus.

8.科学家担心有一天一次更大的地震会袭击这座城市。

Thescientistsareafraidthatonedayanotherbigearthquakewillhitthecity.

9.建于1960年的那栋房子在这次地震中巍然屹立。

Thehousewhichwasbuiltin1960stillstayedupintheearthquake.

10.研究地震的人们认为把房子建在沙地上是不安全的。

Peoplewhodoresearchonearthquakesthinkitnotsafetobuildhousesonsand.

11.去年地震时,失去家园的人数多达5千。

Thenumberofthepeoplewholosthomesreached5,000intheearthquakelastyear.

12.这就是你昨天买的那本书吗?

Isthisthebookyouboughtyesterday?

13.正站在我们教室前面的那位女士是我们的英语老师。

ThewomanwhoisstandinginfrontofourclassroomisourEnglishteacher.

14.在西方国家人人都喜欢牛奶作成的奶酪。

Inwesterncountrieseverybodylikesthecheesewhichismadefrommilk.

15.当你说英语时,必须让别人听懂。

WhenyouspeakEnglish,youmustmakeyourselfunderstood.

16.你认为他来回答这些问题很难吗?

Doyouthinkitdifficultforhimtoanswerthesequestions?

17.据报道在那个地区又建了一所新学校。

Itisreportedthatanothernewschoolhasbeensetupinthatarea.

18.她出生的那个村庄很美。

Thevillagewhereshewasbornisverybeautiful.

19.他想要一个能放书的箱子。

Hewantedaboxinwhichhecouldkeepbooks.

20.Jack有两个姐姐,其中一个是护士。

Jackhastwosisters,oneofwhomisanurse.

21.借走我自行车的那个人叫Paul。

ThemanwhoborrowedmybikeiscalledPaul.

22.你越表扬他,他工作越努力。

Themoreyoupraisehim,theharderheworks.

23.他买了一引起与书相配的磁带。

Shehasboughtsometapeswhichgowiththebook.

24.他在巴黎时学会了法语。

HelearnedFrenchwhenhelivedinParis.

25.那是一个女人只能呆在家里的时代。

Therewasatimewhenwomencouldonlystayathome.

26.你最好带把伞,以防万一下雨。

You’dbettertakeanumbrellaincaseitrains.

9.建于1960年的那栋房子在这次地震中巍然屹立。

Thehousewhichwasbuiltin1960stillstayedupintheearthquake.

10.研究地震的人们认为把房子建在沙地上是不安全的。

Peoplewhodoresearchonearthquakesthinkitnotsafetobuildhousesonsand.

11.去年地震时,失去家园的人数多达5千。

Thenumberofthepeoplewholosthomesreached5,000intheearthquakelastyear.

12.这就是你昨天买的那本书吗?

Isthisthebookyouboughtyesterday?

13.正站在我们教室前面的那位女士是我们的英语老师。

ThewomanwhoisstandinginfrontofourclassroomisourEnglishteacher.

14.在西方国家人人都喜欢牛奶作成的奶酪。

Inwesterncountrieseverybodylikesthecheesewhichismadefrommilk.

15.当你说英语时,必须让别人听懂。

WhenyouspeakEnglish,youmustmakeyourselfunderstood.

16.你认为他来回答这些问题很难吗?

Doyouthinkitdifficultforhimtoanswerthesequestions?

17.据报道在那个地区又建了一所新学校。

Itisreportedthatanothernewschoolhasbeensetupinthatarea.

18.她出生的那个村庄很美。

Thevillagewhereshewasbornisverybeautiful.

19.他想要一个能放书的箱子。

Hewantedaboxinwhichhecouldkeepbooks.

20.Jack有两个姐姐,其中一个是护士。

Jackhastwosisters,oneofwhomisanurse.

21.借走我自行车的那个人叫Paul。

ThemanwhoborrowedmybikeiscalledPaul.

22.你越表扬他,他工作越努力。

Themoreyoupraisehim,theharderheworks.

23.他买了一引起与书相配的磁带。

Shehasboughtsometapeswhichgowiththebook.

24.他在巴黎时学会了法语。

HelearnedFrenchwhenhelivedinParis.

25.那是一个女人只能呆在家里的时代。

Therewasatimewhenwomencouldonlystayathome.

26.你最好带把伞,以防万一下雨。

You’dbettertakeanumbrellaincaseitrains.

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