1.
Alain Robbe-Grillet
Writer, L'année dernière à Marienbad
Born in Brest in 1922, Alain Robbe-Grillet
initially studied mathematics and biology. He graduated from the
Paris-based Institut National Agronomique (National Institute of
Agronomy) in 1945, and embarked on a career of scientific research in
the tropics and in France. Then at age thirty, he decided to change the
direction of his career and to concentrate on the thorny problem of
literature...
2.
Alejandro Jodorowsky
Actor, The Holy Mountain
Alejandro Jodorowsky was born in Iquique,
Chile on February 7, 1929. In 1942 he moved to Santiago where he
attended university, was a circus clown and a puppeteer. In 1955 he went
to Paris and studied mime with Marcel Marceau. He worked with Maurice Chevalier there and made a short film, La cravate...
3.
Aleksandr Sokurov
Director, Russkiy kovcheg
Alexandr Sokurov is a Russian director of
avant-garde and independent films that have won him international
acclaim. A son of an army officer, Sokurov was born in 1951, and spent
his childhood traveling with his family around Russia as his father was
transferred from one location to another. This fast change of places and
schools kept him lonely...
4.
Andy Warhol
Director, Chelsea Girls
Andrew Warhola was born on 6 August 1928
in Forest City, Pennsylvania, USA, a small town northeast of Scranton.
His father, Ondrej, came from the Austria-Hungary Empire (now Slovakia)
in 1912, and sent for his mother, Julia Zavacky Warhola, in 1921. His
father worked as a construction worker and later as a coal miner...
5.
Artavazd Peleshian
Director, Mer dare
Creator of the "distange montage," Artavazd Peleshian,
one of the key Soviet documentarians, removed the boundaries of feature
and documentary films, editing both sequences as a real poetical unity.
His "distange montage" was a new step in the development of film
editing. Even his student works (The Earth of the People 1966 and the
Beginning 1967) shot at VGIK...
6.
Bruce Conner
Director, A Movie
Bruce Conner was born in McPherson,
Kansas, in 1933 and studied art at Wichita University, the University of
Nebraska, the Brooklyn Art School, and the University of Colorado.
Moving to San Francisco in 1957, Conner became involved with the
Beatniks. He continued to live and work in San Francisco, until his
death in 2008...
8.
Dziga Vertov
Director, Chelovek s kino-apparatom
Born in Bialystok, Poland, studied music
and enrolled in St. Petersburg Neurological Institute in 1916. Worked on
first Soviet newsreel, Kinonedelia (1918-1919), then on subsequent
newsreel series (inc. Kinopravda, 1922-1925).
9.
Ed Emshwiller
Director, Thanatopsis
After majoring in painting and
illustration at the University of Michigan, Ed Emshwiller studied in
Paris at the école des Beaux Arts and NYC's Art Students League. An
abstract expressionist, he was also a major science fiction illustrator
during the 1950s and 1960s, winning Hugo Awards for his imaginative
paperback and magazine covers...
11.
Germaine Dulac
Director, La souriante Madame Beudet
The daughter of a cavalry captain, she was
raised by a grandmother in Paris, where she studied various forms of
art with an emphasis on music and the opera. In 1905 she married
engineer-novelist Marie-Louis Albert-Dulac and under his influence
veered toward journalism. As one of the leading radical feminists of her
day...
12.
Godfrey Reggio
Director, Koyaanisqatsi
Godfrey Reggio is a pioneer of a film
style that creates poetic images of extraordinary emotional impact for
audiences worldwide. Reggio is prominent in the film world for his QATSI
trilogy, essays of visual images and sound that chronicle the
destructive impact of the modern world on the environment...
20.
Jan Svankmajer
Director, Otesánek
After studying at the Institute of Industrial Arts and the Marionette Faculty of the Prague Academy of Fine Arts in the 1950s, Jan Svankmajer
started working as a theatre director, chiefly in association with the
Theatre of Masks and the Black Theatre. He first experimented with
film-making after becoming involved with the mixed-media productions of
Prague's Lanterna Magika Theatre...
21.
Jean Cocteau
Writer, La belle et la bête
Jean Cocteau was one of the most
multi-talented artists of the 20th century. In addition to being a
director, he was a poet, novelist, painter, playwright, set designer,
and actor. He began writing at 10 and was a published poet by age 16. He
collaborated with the "Russian Ballet" company of Sergei Diaghilev...
22.
Jean-Luc Godard
Director, Vivre sa vie: Film en douze tableaux
Jean-Luc Godard was born in Paris on
December 3, 1930, the second of four children in a bourgeois
Franco-Swiss family. His father was a doctor who owned a private clinic,
and his mother came from a preeminent family of Swiss bankers. During
World War II Godard became a naturalized citizen of Switzerland and
attended school in Nyons (Switzerland)...
25.
John Waters
Actor, Hairspray
Growing up in Baltimore in the 1950s, John
Waters was not like other children; he was obsessed by violence and
gore, both real and on the screen. With his weird counter-culture
friends as his cast, he began making silent 8mm and 16mm films in the
mid-'60s; he screened these in rented Baltimore church halls to
underground audiences drawn by word of mouth and street leafleting
campaigns...
29.
Kenneth Anger
Director, Eaux d'artifice
Kenneth Anger is an independent filmmaker
and author. He claims to have appeared as the child prince in A
Midsummer Night's Dream (1935), but Warner Brothers production reports
and casting sheets conclusively document that a little girl, child
actress Sheila Brown, actually played the role. Anger did...
34.
Luis Bu?uel
Writer, Viridiana
The father of cinematic Surrealism and one
of the most original directors in the history of the film medium, Luis
Bu?uel was given a strict Jesuit education (which sowed the seeds of his
obsession with both religion and subversive behavior), and subsequently
moved to Madrid to study at the university there, where his close
friends included Salvador Dalí and Federico García Lorca...
36.
Martin Arnold
Director, Alone. Life Wastes Andy Hardy
Born 1959 in Vienna. Studied Psychology
and History of Art at Vienna University. Free-lance film maker since
1987. Founding member of Sixpack Film. Organisor of several avant-garde
film festivals in Vienna. Presentation of a selection of Austrian
avant-garde films at American cinematheques in 1990. Since 1993 teaching
at various American Universities (Milwaukee, San Francisco, ...)
37.
Maya Deren
Director, Meshes of the Afternoon
Maya Deren
came to the USA in 1922 as Eleanora Derenkowsky. Together with her
father, a psychiatrist, and her mother, an artist, she fled the pogroms
against Russian Jews. She studied journalism and political science in at
Syracuse University in New York, finishing her BA at NYU in June 1936
and then received her MA in English literature from Smith in 1939...
38.
Michael Snow
Director, Wavelength
Central figure of the American avant-garde. An artist who made an isolated animated short, A to Z,
Snow concentrated on his painting career until moving to New York in
1963. After attending avant-garde film screenings organized by
critic-filmmaker Jonas Mekas and turning out a second film...
39.
Norman McLaren
Producer, Neighbours
Norman McClaren is one of the most awarded
filmmakers in the history of Canadian cinema, and a pioneer in both
animation and filmmaking. Born in Scotland, he entered the Glasgow
School of Fine Arts in 1932 to study set design. His early experiments
in animation included actually scratching and painting the film stock
itself...
42.
Paul Morrissey
Director, Trash
Born in New York City in 1938, Paul
Morrissey studied literature at Fordham University. In the early 1960s,
following a stint in the Army and jobs in insurance and as a social
worker, he began directing short independent films. In 1965, he was
introduced to Andy Warhol, who asked him to contribute ideas and bring new direction to the film experiments he had been recently begun presenting...
44.
Peter Greenaway
Peter Greenaway
trained as a painter and began working as a film editor for the Central
Office of Information in 1965. Shortly afterwards he started to make
his own films. He has produced a wealth of short and feature-length
films, but also paintings, novels and other books. He has held several
one-man shows and curated exhibitions at museums world-wide.
50.
Sergei M. Eisenstein
Director, Bronenosets Potyomkin
The son of a affluent architect,
Eisenstein attended the Institute of Civil Engineering in Petrograd as a
young man. With the fall of the tsar in 1917, he worked as an engineer
for the Red Army. In the following years, Eisenstein joined up with the
Moscow Proletkult Theater as a set designer and then director...
51.
Sergei Parajanov
Director, Tini zabutykh predkiv
One of the 20th century's greatest masters
of cinema Sergei Parajanov was born in Georgia to Armenian parents and
it was always unlikely that his work would conform to the strict
socialist realism that Soviet authorities preferred. After studying film
and music, Parajanov became an assistant director at the Dovzhenko
studios in Kiev...
56.
Su Friedrich
Director, Sink or Swim
Su Friedrich is a New York-based filmmaker
who writes, directs, photographs and edits. She currently teaches film
and video production at Princeton University.
58.
Vera Chytilová
Director, Sedmikrásky
Vera Chytilová was born on February 2,
1929, in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic). She studied
philosophy and architecture in Brno for two years, then worked as a
technical draftsman, a designer, a fashion model, a photo re-toucher,
then worked as a clapper girl for Barrandov Film Studios in Prague.
There she continued as a writer, actress, and assistant director...
59.
Walerian Borowczyk
Director, La bête
Born in Kwilcz, Poland, Walerian Borowczyk
trained as a painter and lithographer, winning Poland's National Prize
in 1953. He began his film career as a film poster designer, then
started making short animated films in the late 1950s. Moving to France
in the early 1960s, he gained a reputation as a leading animator before
switching to live-action features...
60.
Wladyslaw Starewicz
Director, Mest kinematograficheskogo operatora
Although his name nowadays means very little except to animation buffs (and even they have to be pretty well informed), Wladyslaw Starewicz ranks alongside Walt Disney,
as one of the great animation pioneers, and his career started nearly a
decade before Disney's. He became an animator by accident - fascinated
by insects...
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来自： oiseau > 《cinematographie》
