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过渡是使文章连贯、结构严谨的一种手段。一篇文章一定会有许多层次，而层次之间如果没有过渡性的字、词、句、段，就不能衔接贯通，浑然一体。正确使用过渡来串联思想，可以使文章结构舒展，内容流畅，也能正确表达作者的思想，使文章中的句子逻辑关系更加清楚，这样读者能自然地跟踪作者的思路，理解作者的意图。
这种过渡大致分为三种情况。第一种是承上过渡，即在记叙或议论之后，用几句话对所记事物或议论的问题，作一个归纳性的小结。这是一种由分到合的写法。第二种是启下过渡，即在记叙或议论过后，不再作承上归纳小结，而直接用几句话启引下文。这是一种由合到分的写作。第三种是既承上又启下，即在记叙或议论之后，用一句话，既对上文作归纳，又对下文做启引。这种过渡常用于段末句或段首句。
下面这个段落的最后一句话起了总结上文的作用，是一种承上过渡。 Perhaps my bike
is representative of a world gone by: the world before gimmicks and gadgets,
accessories and attachments. A time when people thought in terms of setting
into a cushioned seat,stopping the movement with their heel and traveling a bit
slower than we are traveling now. My bike is certainly not built for speed,but
who needs speed when I can coast along the streets, hold my head high and
deliciously feel the wind on my face? My bike is built for taking time. It
makes people feel relaxed.
下面这个段落第一句话的作用是启引下文，是一种启下过渡。 Zoos are
maintained for the education and enjoyment of visitors and for scientific word
with animals. Many of the animals are from parts of the world where the
visitors are not likely to travel. Zoos exhibit such well-known animals as
lions, bears, and monkeys; many also include interesting local animals. In
modern zoos, animals are kept in habitats that are as nearly natural as
possible. Zoos serve an important function as sanctuaries for rare, wild
animals.
下面这段文字的最后一句话起的是承上启下的作用。它既总结了前面一段所述的“我的破自行车在一些人中引起了共鸣”，又为下一段陈述引起共鸣的原因埋下了伏笔。 But really,
what is it that people are admiring？Are they admiring me
for resisting the lure of mass bicycle consumerism? I must look like an eyesore
pedaling behind my family,who all ride the latest model of mountain bike. On
the other hand, maybe people are just genuinely curious, as they would be if
confronted with a dinosaur bone. I never get the feeling that they think I'm
crazy for riding something so old when I could be fussing with gears and having
a presumably easier timer of things. My bike seems to touch a sensitive chord
in people, and I'm not quite sure what or why that is. |
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