新目标八年级英语下学期备课笔记

新目标八年级英语下学期备课笔记

 

8下1单元

一、词组：

1.in the future在将来2.   be good for对…有益3.     in 100 years在100年以后4.   live in住在5.   last year去年6.     fall in love with sb.爱上某人7.    keep a pet pig 养一头宠物猪8.   go skating去滑冰9.    every day每天10.   look smart看上去聪明11.   at the weekend在周末12.   be able to do sth.能做某事13.   go on vocation去度假14.   one day（将来）有一天15.   come true实现16.   win award 赢得奖项17.   do something for fun做某事取乐18.   science fiction movie科幻影片19.   help…with…在某方面帮助某人20.   hundreds of成百上千的21.   look like看上去像22.   the same as与…一样23.   for example例如24.   wake up唤醒25.   talk to对…谈话26.   over and over again一遍又一遍地27.   get ready to do准备做某事28.   go through穿过29.   the United States美国

 

 

 

二、句型：

1. Japanese companies have made robots walk and dance.日本公司已经使得机器人行走和跳舞。2.There are already robots working in factories.在工厂，已经有了可以行走的机器人。   3.  People will live to be 200 years old.人们可以活到200岁。                             4.People would not like to do such jobs.人们不想做这样的工作。                            5.No one would want to see actors talk.没有人会想看见演员们说话。                    6.It’s easy for a child to wake up and know where they are.对孩子来说醒来知道他们在哪很容易。

7.There will be fewer people.  会有更少的人。

8.There will be less free time.会有更少的空闲时间。

9.People will use the subway less. 人们会更少使用地铁。

10.There will be more pollution.会有更多的污染。

11.What do you think Sally will be in five years?你认为五年后Sally会成为什么人(干什么)？

12.I don’t like living alone.我不喜欢独自生活。

13.I might even keep a pet parrot.我甚至可能养一只宠物鹦鹉。

14.During the week I’ll look smart,and probably will wear a suit.上班期间我要看上去潇洒，可能会穿西装。

15.At the weekends, I’ll be able to dress more casually.在周末，我能打扮地更随意。

16.There are many famouse predictions that never came ture.有许多从没有实现的预言。

17.I want to work for myself when I’m older.当我长大一些的时候，我想为自己工作。

18.I need to look smart for my job interview.我需要为我的工作面试看上去潇洒。

19.We have to wear a uniform to school.我们必须穿校服去上学。

20.One day people will fly to the moon for vacation.将来某一天人们会飞到月球度假。

21.These  robots are just like humans.这些机器人就像人类一样。

22.Humans will have less work to do.人类将会有更少的工作要做。

23.New robots will have many different shapes.新型机器人将会有许多不同的形状。

24.We never know what will happen in the future.  我们永远也不会知道未来会发生什么。

25.They agree it may take hundreds of years. 他们同意这会花费数百年的时间（的说法）。

26.He thinks that it will be difficult for a robot to do the same things as a person.

  他认为对于一个机器人来说像人一样做同样的事情是很难的。

 

 

 

★★★8下1单元词法 

1. People will have robots in their homes. 人们家里将会有机器人。

will助动词，表单纯的未来。用于陈述句表“将……，会……”。

e.g. I will (I'll) be 15 next month.下个月我就15岁了。Mr. Green will be back soon.

否定句：won't = will not   eg. He won't be back before 10.

will用于疑问句意为“会……吗？”e.g. Will you be free on Friday evening?

Will people have robots?

2. There will only be one country.将会只有一个国家。There will be 是there be句型的将来时。

e.g. There won't be any paper money. （否定）Will there be less pollution? (疑问)

Yes, there will./ No, there won't.There will be more people. (肯定)  ※常见错误：there will have…

3.  I think there will be more / less pollution. 我认为将会有更多/更少的污染。

fewer 与less及more表数量的用法。

（1）few（形容词）“几乎没有，很少的”，修饰可数名词。其比较级、最高级为规则变化：few－fewer－fewest。“a few”表示“一些”，“few”带否定含义，“几乎没有”。例：a few days ago, for a few weeks,

He has few friends here.   There will be fewer trees.

（2）little（形容词）“很少的，几乎没有的”（“小的，幼小的”），修饰不可数名词。其比较级、最高级为不规则变化：little－less－least。“a little”表“一些”，“little”带否定含义，“几乎没有”。例：There’s little food left. We have to buy some. There’s a little water in the cup.

（3）many“许多”，修饰可数名词。much“许多”，修饰可数名词。

    many / more比较级、最高级为不规则变化：many / much －more－most。

    例：I have many magazines. She has more magazines. But he has the most.

    There will be more people on the earth in future.

    More and more students start to exercise more every day to keep fit.

 4. in  与 after的区别　

  例句：I'll be back in half an hour. 我半小时后就回来.

　本句中的in作"以后"解，不能用after代替。

　after和in都可以表示"以后"的意思，其区别是：

　1）after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态的句子。例如：

　They started working after lunch. 他们是午餐后开始工作的。

　The film was shown after the meeting. 电影是会议结束以后放的。

　2）in以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。如：

　They will start working in half an hour. 他们将在半小时后开始工作。

　The film will be shown in 2 or 3 days. 这部电影将在两三天后上映。

　3）在某个特定的时间以后，after也可用于将来时态的句子。例如：

　They will start working after 10 am. 他们将在上午10点以后开始工作。

　The film will be shown after 5 o'clock. 这部电影将于4点以后上映。

4)  “after+一段时间”或“一段时间+later”表示“（在过去某个时间看来）一段时间之后”。

He went home after two days.   他两天后回家了。

Three years later，she had a baby.   三年后，她生了一个婴儿。

5. fall in love with 爱上…

      fall in love with a girl 爱上一个女孩    fall in love with a country 爱上一个国家

 [注] fall 是“陷入”的意思. 它与feel（感觉）很像。fall→fell→fallen    feel→felt→felt.

6．alone  adj.（只作表语） adv.  独自；单独  He was alone in the house他一个人在屋里 。

 I went to the movies alone，I felt lonely.    我独自去看电影了，我觉得很孤独。

 [注] alone

      表示“单独的，独自一人的”，不含感情色彩.做形容词时，只能在be动词或系动词之后做表语与lonely不同，lonely表示“孤独的，寂寞的”含有丰富的感情色彩.lonely做形容词时，可做定语和表语。如: a lonely village 孤寂的村庄.

7．keep  vt.& vi.    keep 有好几个意思，在本课中做“饲养；喂养”讲，相当于feed。

      keep a pet parrot 养一只宠物鹦鹉    feed a cat with fish 给猫喂鱼

（1）保住；保留：I’ll try my best to keep my job. 我要尽力保住我的工作。

（2）保守（秘密）：keep a secret（这对我来说可是太难了）

（3）保持（某状态）：Keep silent! 保持沉默！

      Keep top side up! 请勿倒放！（“保持上方朝上”不就是“请勿倒放”吗？）

（4）继续；持续：They kept walking. 他们继续步行。

8.That may not seem possible now.那可能现在看上去不可能。

  seem 是连系动词,意为“似乎”?“好像”?“看上去”,用来表示说话人内心的?有一定依据的推测?判断或猜想?其用法如下:
1. “seem(to be) +n(作表语)”,此结构中的 to be 可省略,但名词前一般应有形容词修饰?例如:
　　It seems(to be) the best answer. 这似乎是最好的回答?
　　His father seems(to be) a kind man. 他父亲看上去像个和善的人?
　　It seemed(to be) an interesting book. 这好像是本有趣的书?
2. “seem(to be) + adj(作表语)”,此结构中的 to be 也可省略?如果 to be 后面是 afraid, asleep, awake 等表语形容词,则 to be 不能省略?例如:
　　The green leaves seemed(to be) more beautiful after the rain. 绿叶在雨后显得更美?
　　These girls seem(to be) very happy. 这些女孩子们似乎很高兴?
　　The boy seems to be afraid of the teacher. 这男孩好像怕老师?
3. “seem + 介词 like 和 in 引起的短语”, seem like 表示“看上去好像”, seem in 表示“看起来处于……状态”?例如:
　　Those boats seem like many ducks. 那些船看上去好像是很多鸭子?
　　Mrs Brown seems in bad health. 布朗夫人看起来身体不好?
4. “seem to do something(动词不定式作表语)”,这种结构的否定形式是“do/does/did + not + seem + to do something”或“seem + not + to do something”,其中的动词不定式多为一般式?进行式或完成式?例如:
　　Tom seems to know everything. 汤姆好像什么都知道?
　　They seemed not to know each other. 他们看上去好像互不认识?
　　It doesn’t seem to be raining now. 天看起来不像在下雨?
　　She seemed to be sleeping. 她好像在睡觉?
　　Mary seems to have said so. 玛丽好像曾经这样说过?
5.与代词 it 连用,构成“it seems/seemed that...”句式?该句式相当于“从句的主语 + seem + to do”?例如:
It seems that his temperature is all right.(His temperature seems to be all right.)他的体温似乎正常?
It seems that she is thinking. (=She seems to be thinking.) 她好像在思考什么?
It seems that they have been on earth thousands of years.(=They seem to have been on earth thousands of years.) 它们似乎已在地球上生存了数千年?
6. “there seems/seemed(to be)...”意为“似乎有……”?例如:
There seems(to be) no answer to the question. 这个问题似乎没有答案?
There seems(to be) a mistake in these answers. 这些答案中好像有错误?
注意： seem 与 look 的区别:
　　seem 和 look 的意思相同,但它们的着重点不同,用法有相同之处,也有一些差别? seem 指说话人内心的主观判断,而 look 则强调从所述事物外表上看得出的视觉印象?
1. 两者后面都可接形容词?名词?动词不定式 to be 及介词短语?例如:
　　She seems/looks a nice teacher. 她看上去是个好老师?
　　My mother seems/looks tired. 我母亲似乎很疲倦?
　　The patient seemed/looked(to be) very ill. 那病人似乎病得很重?
2. 两者后面都可接 as if 引导的表语从句,但 seem 的主语一般是 it,而 look 的主语可以是 it,也可以是其他的名词或代词?例如:
　　She looked as if she slept badly. 看她那样子仿佛没有睡好?
下列几种情况下不能用 look 取代 seem:
1. seem 后面接动词不定式 to do 时?例如:

My father seemed to know the news. 我父亲好像知道这个消息?
2. 在“it seems/seemed that...”句式中?例如: It seemed that you were lying. 看来你在撒谎!
3. 在“there seems/seemed + 动词不定式”句式中?例如:
　There seems to be many young people at the concert. 好像有许多年青人在听音乐会?

★★★8下1单元语法

1)        一般将来时

1．用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。 如：go, come, leave, arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。

 We are having fish for dinner.    We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.

　 这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。

A: Where are you going?         B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?

A: Yes, I am just coming. Wait for me.

 2．用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。   Are you going to post that letter?    How long is he going to stay here?

另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。

　　　 It’s going to rain.

3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示预见。

　　 You will feel better after taking this medicine.      Do you think it will rain?

二是表示意图.    I will not lend the book to you.  Take it easy, I will not do it any longer.

　　      基本结构：

She will come to have class tomorrow.     Will she come to have class tomorrow?

She won’t come to have class tomorrow.    What will she do tomorrow?

4. 用一般现在时表示。
根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如：
　　1. The new term starts （begins） on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。
　　2. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow， we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将出野餐。

    3. I’ll call you as soon as he gets home.  他明天一到家我就打电话通知你。

5. be to表将来，表示“计划安排”要做的事，具有“必要”的强制性意义。

例如：You are to play tennis this afternoon.  你今天下午必须打网球。

be about to 表将来，表示即将发生的事情。

例如：He was about to start. （=He was leaving.）  他就要动身了。

练习：用括弧中动词的适当形式填空

1. When ____Mike ____（arrive）here tomorrow？

2. He____（be）back in three hours.

3. I____ (buy) a house when we save enough money.

4. They____（make）progress soon.

5. If he isn't free tomorrow，he____（not take）part in the party.

6. If he ___(have)time，he___（go）to the cinema that night.

7. We won't go until you___（come）soon.

8. If she___（return）I___（let） you know.

9. We___（send）for a doctor if you___（be）not better in the evening.

10. She_____（have）a concert the next year.

Keys：1、will…arrive      2、will be      3、am going to buy   4、are to   5、will not take

 6、has, will go       7、come        8、returns, will let   9、will send, are 10、will have

2） There be结构

英语中,There be句型常表示某处有某人或某物。

例如:There are always more than one hundred birds in the big tree every evening. 每天傍晚那棵大树上总会有100多只小鸟。

一、There be句型的用法:

1)There与be中间可插入一些表示推测的情态动词、表示时态的短语和一些动词短语,以强调某种语气。

例如:There must be some flowers in the box. 盒子里肯定有些鲜花。

There happened to be some money in my pocket.我的口袋里碰巧有一些钱。

There will be a meeting this afternoon.注意:be不能换成have及have的变化形式。

2)There be句型常与过去时间状语连用,构成一些固定句型,用于故事发生的开头,交代故事发生的时间。

例如:Many years ago,there was such a beautiful girl called Cindy.很久以前有一个叫Cindy的美丽女孩。

3)There be句型可换成There come / go,以引起注意,加强语气。

例如:There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。

4)There be句型或There加其他动词的句型,其动词的单复数,常采用就近一致的原则。

例如:There is a desk, two chairs and three benches in the room. There are two chairs, a desk and three benches in the room.

5)There be或There加其他动词的句型,其反意疑问句一律用…there？  例如:There is a cat in the garden, isn't there？ There used to be no house here, used there / did there？(过去这儿没有房子,是吗？)

二、使用There be句型时应注意:

1.      there be 结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。

　There is going to be a meeting tonight.　今晚有个会议。

　There was a knock at the door.　有人敲门。

　There has been a girl waiting for you.　有个女孩一直在等你。

　There will be rain soon.　不久天就要下雨了。

2.       动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据   

就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。

如：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。

　　How many people are there in the city?　这个城市里有多少人口。

There is a pen and two books on the desk.　课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。

3. 在there　be引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动 形式均可。

　There is no time to lose　(= to be lost).时间紧迫。

　There is nothing to see　(=to be seen).看不见有什么。

　There is nothing to do.(=to be done)　无事可做。

4、There is no doing.（口语）不可能…….

There is no telling when he will be back.   无法知道他什么时候回来。

There is no knowing what he is doing.　  无法知道他在做什么。

练习：

1. There ___ any rice in the bowl.                  A. are      B. is      C. isn’t     D. aren’t
2.There___ not ___ milk in the cup .A. are, many  B. are , much  C. is ,many D. is ,much
3.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.  A. have been    B. were      C. are      D. is  
4.Do you know if ___ a meeting next Sunday ?     
A. there was going to have    B. there was going to be
C. is there going to be       D. there will be
5.－ Is this the last exam we have to take ?   － No, but there ____ another test three months later.
A. will be going to  B. is    C. will be     D. has been
6.There ______ great changes in such kind of computers in the last few years.  
A. is     B. are     C. will be    D. have been
7.There  _____  a film tomorrow evening． A．will have    B．have    C．is going to be     D．has

8.There ____ a school at the foot of thehill.       A．have     B．stand      C．are     D．stands
9.There's going to ____ in tomorrow's newspapers.           
  A. have something new    B. have new something
  C. be something new      D. be new something
10.There is some milk in the bottle, ____ ? A．isn't there    B．aren't there    C．isn't it    D．are there
11.How many boys ____ there in Class one?     A. be     B. is    C. are     D. am
12.There ____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.    A. is     B. are   C. was   D. were
13. ____ any flowers on both sides of the street?        A．Is there   B．Are there   C．Has   D．Have
14. There ____ great changes in our country since 1982.  A. have been  B. were  C. has been  D. are
15. There is little water in the glass, ____ ?             A. isn't there   B. isn't it    C. is it   D. is there
16. ----There is no air or water on the moon. Is there?             --- ____.
   A. Yes, there are    B. No, there isn't    C. Yes, there isn't   D. No, there is
17.----What did you see in the basket then ?  ----There ____ a bottle of orange and some oranges.   
　     A. is     B. are     C. was     D. were
18. ____ any flowers on both sides of the street ?  A. Is there     B. Are there     C. Has      D. Have
19. ____ is there on the table?     
　    A. How many apples     B. How much bread   C. How much breads     D. How many food
20. There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get some for me?  
　     A. any     B. some    C. a    D. an