双色水位锅炉缺水的原因
在锅炉运行中,锅炉水位低于最低安全水位而危及锅炉安全运行的现象,称为缺水事故。缺水事故可分为轻微缺水和严重缺水两种。如水位在最低安全水位线以下,但还能看见,或虽然已看不见水位,但对允许采用“叫水法”的锅炉进行“叫水”后水位很快出现时,属于轻微缺水。如水位已看不见,用“叫水法”也不能出现时,属于严重缺水。锅炉缺水事故,如果处理不当,会造成设备严重损坏,如果在锅炉严重缺水的情况下进水,就会导致锅炉爆炸。这是因为锅炉缺水后,一方面钢板被干烧而过热,甚至烧红,使强度大为下降,另一方面由于过热后的钢板温度与给水的温度相差极为悬殊,钢板先接触水的部位因遇冷急剧收缩而龟裂,在蒸汽压力的作用下,龟裂处随即撕成大的破口,汽水从破口喷射出来,即造成爆炸事故。
Inboileroperation,boilerwaterlevelislowerthanthelowestsecurityandendangerthesafeoperationoftheboilerwaterlevelphenomenon,knownasthewateraccident.Watershortageaccidentscanbedividedintomildandseverewatershortage.WatershortageSuchaswaterlevelbelowthelowestsafewaterline,butalsocansee,oralthoughalreadycan''tseewater,butallowedtheuseof"water"to"call"waterboilerwaterlevelaftersoonappeared,belongtominorlackofwater.Suchaswaterlevelhavebeeninvisible,inthe"water"appear,belongtoseverewatershortages.Theboilerwatershortageaccident,ifnothandledproperly,cancauseseveredamagetoequipment,ifundertheconditionofseverewatershortageinboilerfeedwater,willresultinboilerexplosion.Thisisbecauseaftertheboilerwatershortage,ontheonehand,steelisdryandoverheating,burningred,evenmakestheintensitydecrease,ontheotherhandduetooverheatingafterthesteelplatetemperaturedifferencebetweenwatertemperatureisextremelywide,steelcontactwaterfirstplaceduetoencountercoldcontractioncrack,undertheactionofsteampressure,thentoreintobigcrevassecrackplace,sodaoutofthecrevassespray,whichcausedtheexplosion.
1.锅炉缺水的现象:
1.Theboilerwatershortagephenomenon:
(1)水位低于最低安全水位线,或看不见水位,水位表玻璃管(板)上呈白色;(2)双色水位计呈全部气相指示颜色;(3)高低水位警报器发生低水位警报信号;(4)低水位联锁装置使送风机、引风机、炉排减速器电机停止运行;(5)过热器汽温急剧上升,高于正常出口汽温;(6)锅炉排烟温度升高;(7)给水流量小于蒸汽流量,如若因炉管或省煤器管破裂造成缺水时,则出现相反现象;(8)缺水严重时,可嗅到焦味;(9)缺水严重时,从炉门可见到烧红的水冷壁管;(10)缺水严重时,炉管可能破裂,这时可昕到有爆破声,蒸汽和烟气将从炉门、看火门处喷出。
(1)waterlevelislowerthanthelowestsafewaterline,orinvisiblewaterlevel,waterlevelgaugeglasstube(onboard)withawhite;(2)doublecolorgaugeinstructionsisallgasphasecolor;(3)highandlowwaterlevelalarminlowwaterlevelalarmsignal;(4)lowwaterlevelinterlockblower,draughtfan,gratestoprunninggearreducermotor;(5)thesuperheatersteamtemperaturerisesharply,higherthanthenormaloutletsteamtemperature;(6)theboilerexhaustsmoketemperature;(7)feedwaterflowislessthanthesteamflow,ifbecauseofthefurnacetubeoreconomizertuberupturecausedbywatershortage,appearedoppositephenomenon;(8)seriouswatershortage,cansmellburnttaste;(9)seriouswatershortage,visiblefromthedoortothered-hotwaterwalltube;(10)seriouswatershortage,furnacetubemayrupture,thisisxintohaveoriginal,steamandfluegaswilllookfromtheovendoor,firedoor.
2.锅炉缺水的原因
2.Thecauseoftheboilerwatershortage
(1)司炉人员疏忽大意,对水位监视不够;(2)司炉人员或维修人员冲洗水位表或维修水位表时,误将汽、水旋塞关闭,造成假水位;(3)司炉人员冲洗水位表不及时,造成假水位;(4)给水设备发生故障,给水自动调节器失灵或水源中断,停止供水;(5)给水管路设计不合理;(6)通风除尘设备给水管道被污垢堵塞或破裂;给水系统的阀门关闭或损坏;(7)排污阀泄漏或忘记关闭;(8)炉管或过热器管、省煤器管破裂;(9)高低水位报警器失灵,不发出铃声和光信号。
(1)tofirestaffnegligence,thewaterlevelmonitoringisnotenough;(2)tofireworkersorrinsewatergaugeormaintenancepersonnelmaintenancewatergauge,mistaking,steam,watercockclosed,causingfalsewaterlevel;(3)tofirestaffrinsewaterlevelindicatorisnottimely,causingfalsewaterlevel;(4)watersupplyequipmentfails,theautomaticfeedwaterregulatorfailureorinterruptionofwater,stopwatersupply;(5)feedlinedesignisnotreasonable;(6)watersupplypipewerechokedupwithdirtorburst;Watersupplysystemordamagetothevalveisclosed;(7)drainvalveleakageorforgettoshutdown;(8)furnaceandsuperheater,economizertubeburst;(9)highandlowwaterlevelalarmfailure,notringsandlightsignal.
3.锅炉缺水的处理
3.Theboilerwatertreatment
当锅炉水位表见不到水位时,首先用冲洗水位表的方法判断缺水还是满水。如果判断为缺水,对于水位表的水连管低于最高火界的锅炉,应立即紧急停炉,降低炉膛温度,关闭主汽阀和给水阀。对于水容量较大,并且水连管高于锅炉最高火界的锅炉,可用“叫水”法判断缺水严重程度,以便采取相应措施。
Whencan''tseewaterboilerwaterlevelgauge,thefirstwiththemethodoftheflushingwaterlevelindicatortojudgewaterisfilledwithwater.Ifjudgedtolackwater,forwaterlevelgaugewaterpipeislowerthanthehighestfireindustryboiler,shallbeimmediatelystoppedemergency,thelowerthetemperatureinthefurnace,closethemainsteamvalveandthewatersupplyvalve.Forwatercapacityislarger,andeventhewaterpipeishigherthanthehighestfireindustryboiler,boilercanuse"water"methodtojudgetheseverityshortage,inordertotakecorrespondingmeasures.
通过“叫水”判断缺水不严重时,可以继续向锅炉给水,恢复正常水位后,可启动燃烧设备逐渐升温、升压投入运行。
Through"water"judgenotseriouswatershortage,cancontinuetotheboilerfeedwater,returnedtonormallevelafter,canstartburningdeviceheatsup,boosterinoperation.
通过“叫水”判为严重缺水时,必须紧急停炉,严禁盲目向锅炉给水。决不允许有侥幸心理,企图掩盖造成锅炉缺水的责任而盲目给水。这种错误的做法往往酿成大祸,扩大事故,甚至造成锅炉爆炸而炉毁人亡。
Through"water"sentencetoseverewatershortages,musturgentlyboilerstop,donotblindlytotheboilerfeedwater.Notallowedtohaveflukypsychology,attemptingtocoveruptheresponsibilityoftheboilerwatershortageandwaterblindly.Thiskindofmistakeoftendisaster,expandtheaccident,eventhefurnaceapartboilerexplosion.
“叫水”的方法是:(1)开启水位表的放水旋塞。(2)关闭汽旋塞。(3)关闭水旋塞。(4)再关闭放水旋塞。(5)然后开启水旋塞,看是否有水从水连管冲出。如有水冲出,则是轻微缺水;如无水位出现,证明是严重缺水。“叫水”过程可反复几次但不得拖延太久,以免扩大事故。
"Awater"methodis:(1)openthedraintapwatergauge.(2)shutoffthesteamcocks.(3)shutoffthewatercock.(4)closethedraincockagain.(5)andthenopenthewatercock,looktowhetherhaverushedoutofthewaterfromthewaterpipe.Ifyouhaverushedoutofthewater,isaslightlackofwater;Ifthereisnowater,provedtobeanacuteshortageofwater."Water"processcanberepeatedseveraltimesbutcannotdelaytoolong,soastoavoidaccidents.
二、锅炉满水事故
Second,accidentofboilerwithwater
在锅炉运行中,锅炉水位高于最高安全水位而危及锅炉安全运行的现象,称为满水事故。满水事故可分为轻微满水和严重满水两种。如水位超过最高许可水位线,但低于水位表的上部可见边缘,或水位虽超过水位表的上部可见边缘,但在开启水位表的放水旋塞后,能很快见到水位下降时,均属于轻微满水。如水位超过水位表的上部可见边缘,当打开放水旋塞后,在水位表内看不到水位下降时,属于严重满水。
Inboiler,theboilerwaterlevelishigherthanthehighestsecurityandendangerthesafeoperationoftheboilerwaterlevelphenomenon,calledwateraccident.Withwateraccidentcanbedividedintotwowithwaterslightlyfilledwithwaterandserious.Suchaswaterlevelhighestpermissioninthewater,buttheupperedgeofthevisiblebelowthewatertable,orwaterlevelismorethantheupperpartofthewatergaugevisibleedge,butintheopenafterthedraintapwatergauge,canquicklyseewhenwaterlevelsfall,allbelongtoslightlyfilledwithwater.Suchaswaterlevelgaugeintheupperpartofthevisibleedge,whenopenthedraintap,thewaterlevelinthetablecan''tseethewaterlevelfalls,belongstotheseriousfilledwithwater.
发生满水与缺水事故时,在水位表内几乎都看不见水位,但满水事故可从水位表放水管放出炉水,而缺水事故不能从水位表放水管放出炉水。锅炉满水事故的危害,主要是造成蒸汽大量带水,从而可能使蒸汽管道发生水锤现象,降低蒸汽品质,影响正常供汽,严重时会使过热器管积垢,损坏用汽设备。
Whenfilledwithwaterandwatershortageaccidents,almostinvisiblewaterlevelinsidethewatergauge,butfilledwithwateraccidentcanputoutfromthewatergaugeputpipewater,andwatershortageaccidentscan''tputoutthewaterfromthewatergaugeputpipe.Boilerwithwateraccidentharm,itiscausedbysteamwithwateramount,whichcouldmakesteampipelinewaterhammeroccurs,lowerthequalityofsteam,affectthenormalsteamsupply,seriouswhentheymakethesuperheatertubefouling,steamequipmentdamage.
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