什么是无韵体诗

yiyidaodao 2013-05-10

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Blank Verse:无韵体诗(也称素体诗) Blank verse consists of unrhymed five-stress lines, properly, iambic pentameters. Blank verse is the one closest to the rhythms of everyday English speech. So dramatists like to use this form for their works. Shakespeare wrote most of his plays in blank verse.

无韵诗虽然不用韵脚，不压韵，但有韵律，还属于格律诗的范畴，仍是格律诗的一种，而且还是一种很重要的格律诗。它有抑扬格五韵律诗行，每行都有十个音节，读起来抑扬顿挫，和谐又有节奏。无韵体（Blank verse）与十四行诗（Sonnet）一样盛于伊丽沙白时代。莎士比亚的戏剧大多都用的是无韵体创作的。

举莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》一剧中的独白为例。

Hamlet:

To be, or not to be, ---that is the question: 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题

Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer 默默忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗

The slings and arrows of outrageous Fortune, 人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, 这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；

And by opposing end them? To die, --to sleep--- 什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们

No more; and, by a sleep, to say we end 心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免

The heart-ache, and the thousand natural shocks 的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们

That flesh is heir to, --’tis a consummation 求之不得的结局。

Devoutly to be wish’d. to die, ---to sleep;--- 死了，睡着了；睡着了也许还会做梦；恩，

To sleep! Perchance of dream: ---ay, there’s the rub; 阻碍就在这儿：

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, 因为当我们摆脱了这一具腐朽的皮囊以后

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, 在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，

Must give us pause. There’s the respect 那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于

That make calamity of so long life; 患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, 谁愿意忍受人世的鞭鞑和讥嘲、压迫

The oppressor’s wrong, the proud man’s contumely, 者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、

The pangs of dispriz’d love, the law’s delay, 法律的迁延、

The insolence of office, and the spurns 官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的

That patient merit of the unworthy takes, 小人的鄙视，

When he himself might his quietus make 要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？

With a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear, 谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下

To grunt and sweat under a weary life, 呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，

But that the dread of something after death, 惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的

The undiscover’d country, from whose bourn 神秘之国？

No traveller returns, puzzles the will, 是它迷惑了我们的意志，

And makes us rather bear those ills we have 使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，

Than fly to others that we know not of? 不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？

Thus conscience does not make cowards of us all; 这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，

And thus the native hue of resolution 决心的赤热的光彩，

Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought; 被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，

And enterprises of great pith and moment, 伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，

With this regard, their currents turn away. 也会逆流而退，

And lose the name of action. 失去了行动的意义。

（朱生豪译）