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句子及段落的连贯性要求恰当地使用关联词，也叫过渡词。段落是否连贯主要取决于文章内容是否符合逻辑，但是段落缺乏连贯性并不仅仅是逻辑顺序问题，过度词语也起着十分重要的作用。试比较： (1)Nowadays there is a lack of understanding between parent and child. (2)Parents complain that their children’s behavior is often unreasonable. (3)Children complain that their parents are too old-fashioned. (4)When a child has a problem, he will not tell his parents. (5)He will go to his friends instead. (1)Nowadays there is a lack of understanding between parent and child. (2)Parents often complain about their children’s “unreasonable” behavior, while children usually think their parents are too “old-fashioned”. (3)Then when a child has a problem, he usually goes to his intimate friends for sympathy and advice, leaving his parents totally in the dark. 比较： 1. 增加过渡词While，一方面强化了两代人之间互不理解的对立关系，另有一方面将（2）句和（3）句浓缩成一个句子，避免了雷同句式罗列造成的平庸感。由 Then引出结尾句，增强连贯性。 2. 句（3）分词短语leaving…充当表示结果的状语，将初稿中的句（4）和（5）合并为一个句子，增加了句式变化。To leave…in the dark意思是“使…蒙在鼓里”是一个习语。作文中如能出现一两个习语，不仅能使文章有闪光的语言点，而且显得文章地道。 3. 初稿中complain 后的that从句改成complain about，使得语言更简练。 熟练掌握一些过渡词： 1. 表示叙述顺序：first,…second,…,/ firstly,…secondly,…lastly,…/ to begin with,…, next…,finally… 2. 补充，递进：besides,/ moreover/ furthermore/in addition/ what is more/most important of all/last but not least/worse still/to make matter worse 例：The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location. 3. 结果，原因： 原因：since / because /for /due to/ owing to/ thanks to/ with the help of 结果：so/ therefore/ consequently/ thus/ for this reason/ as a result/ as a consequence 4. 对照，对比，转折，让步： 让步：even though/ in spite of that/ regardless of …/nevertheless 转折：however/ but 对比：while/ whereas/ on the contrary/ as opposed to this…/ on the one hand…on the other hand 例句： It is hard work; I enjoy it though. 尽管困难，我还是挺喜欢的。 Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun. 与我先前预料的相反，结果这趟旅行还蛮好玩的。 5. 举例：for instance/ for example/ take…for example/ such as/ like/ namely/ that is to say 6. 总结：in a word/ in short/ in brief/ in conclusion/ to sum up/ generally speaking/ briefly/ 熟练掌握一些句式： 1. 原因：(1)There are three reasons for this. (2) The reasons for this are as follows. (3)The reasons for this are obvious. (4) We have good reasons to believe that… 2. 优点：(1) It has the following advantages. (2) It benefits us quite a lot. (3)It is beneficial to us. (4) It does us a lot of good. 例：Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better….Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us. 3. 缺点：(1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. (2)It does us much harm. (3)It is harmful to us. 例：However, everything has two sides. Television can also be harmful to us…. Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages． Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages． Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages． 4. 表示重要，必要，困难，方便，可能： (1)It’s important (necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb to do sth. (2) It plays an important role in our life. (3) We think it necessary to … 例：Computers are now being used everywhere……We have good reasons to say that computers are playing an increasing important role in our life. 5. 表示措施：(1)We should take some effective measures. (2) We should try our best to overcome the difficulities. (3)We should solve the problem that we are faced with. 6. 事实，现状： (1) We can’t ignore the fact that… (2) No one can deny the fact that… (3) This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 7. 结论：(1) In short, it can be said that… (2) It may be brifely summed up as follows. (3) From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that… 8. 表达观点： (1) As far as I am concerned/as for me (2) In my point of view, I like/prefer A much more than B. (3) Different people have different attitudes towards…, some believe that…others, however, argue that…still others maintain that… 议论文常用句型 （一）段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that …… 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。 Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, …… Second,……What makes things worse is that……. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。 Nowadays，it is common to ……. Many people like …… because …… Besides，…… 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say that ……To them,…… 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。 ……has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that……while. Obviously，……but why? （二）中间段落句 1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……at the same time，they say…… 2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。 But I don't think it is a very good way to solve …….For example，……Worst of all，……. 3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是…… ……is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First，……What's more, ……Most important of all,…… 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can…… 5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面， Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to……. For one thing，For another， 6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All these measures will certainly……. 7. 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于…… Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to ……. 8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as …… 9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous. 10. 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下： I fully agree with the statement that ……because……. （三）结尾句 1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that …… 2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future. 3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）…… But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example, …… while…… Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to…… 4. 至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能…… For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you…… 5. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是…… In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First ……second …… Last but not least,…… 6. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。 It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view, I find…… 7. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论…… From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that…… 8. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是…… If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is…… 让写作增色的好句子 1. Time flies.时光易逝。 2. One today is worth two tomorrows.一个今天胜似两个明天。 3. When an opportunity is neglected, it never comes back to you. 机不可失，时不再来。 4. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 5. Wisdom is more to be envied than riches.知识可羡，胜于财富。 6. It is good to learn at another man’s cost.前车可鉴。 7. Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 8. Practice makes perfect. 9. God helps those who help themselves. 10. Easier said than done. 11. Where there is a will, there is a way. 12. One false step will make a great difference. 13. Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往不胜。 14.A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。 15. Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。 16.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻。 17.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰。 18. More hasty, less speed. 欲速则不达。 19. It’s never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。 20. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 21. Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 22. Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。 23. Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。 24. Well begun, half done.好的开始等于成功的一半。 25. Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见心不烦。 26. Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 27. First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。 28. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 29. Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。 30. It won’t be long before…. 议论文的框架 （1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ） There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点1 ________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因1 _______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因2 _____. So it goes without saying that ___观点1 _____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点1 _______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因1 _______. On the other hand, ____原因2 _____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点2 ______. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点1或2 ______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. （2）利弊型的议论文 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点1 ______. And secondly ___优点2 _____. Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点1 ______. In addition, ____ 缺点2 ______. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___. （3）解决问题性议论文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径1 ______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径2 _____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____. （4） 谚语警句性议论文 It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ） A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job. 学会正确使用On the one hand,… on the other hand. On the one hand,… on the other hand译为“一方面，另一方面”但二者之间必须有对立关系，如果没有对立关系则不能用。比较： On the one hand, I admire his gifts, but on the other hand I distrust his judgement. For one thing, I don’t like the color, and for another the price is too high. I would not advise you to read the book, because, in the first place, it is very difficult and, in the second place, it is rather dull. 很多同学脑子里一出现“一方面,….另一方面”的概念， 就马上想到“On the one hand,… on the other hand”，所以经常出错。记住“On the one hand,… on the other hand”表示对立，但“for one thing,…for another…”, “in the first place,… in the second place…”,表示增补。而汉语的“一方面,….另一方面”则既可表示增补，又可以表示对立。而且注意，“for one thing,…for another…”可单独使用“for one thing,…”， 而“On the one hand,… on the other hand”，可单独使用“… on the other hand…”不要记混。 |
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