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【 term 1 steel sheet】
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1. [applications]
Can be used in the lamps and lanterns of layering, little lamp body, lamp cap, embedded lamps box, control panel, the base and the projector.
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Level features:
Mild steel has good mechanical strength and ductility, but no corrosion, has a circle tube, sheet or plate form, thickness of 0.45 ~ 0.45 MM. For indoor don't pay attention to the use of beautiful places, choose the best a layer of zinc plated steel plate surface, but for most use place must brush paint.
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2. [processing]
Cutting, drilling, punching, bending and compression process.
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3. [manual]
Cut out shape, and then the plate stamping or flywheel.
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4. [semi-automatic operation]
CNC control, parts movement performed by the operator.
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5. [automatic cold roll forming ]
Batten usually adopt the way of processing.
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6. [roll machine automatic sheet metal production control]
For a large box into the lamp and dome light manufacturing, European manufacturer of the equipment has been fully realized automatic mechanization.
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7. [press]
For some of the smaller circular lamps and lanterns, usually directly with deep drawing forming levels of low carbon steel plate stamping forming.
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8. [attached steel components]
Before spraying, uncoated steel material can spot welding and continuous welding. However not coating material must use rivets, nuts and bolts, self-tapping screws or glue.
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9. [painting]
The powder coating process is normally used. Relative to the traditional wet coating layer, it can obtain more thick coating film, can be up to 50 ~ 100 um thickness, a typical, traditional methods can only achieve 25 um. This requires a high reflection characteristics of the device (such as the device box) is very beneficial. There are two types of process: oil removal process and pretreatment (usually phosphide), followed by the electrostatic spraying process and subsequent drying process. Less used in electroplating, usually only have adornment effect, or for some requirements covering layer of small parts, such as screws, bolts and nuts etc. Chromium and nickel was the typical representative of decorative plating and electroplating of zinc are used for protection purpose. In the steel plate surface coated with a layer of metal plastic film was used as a reflector.
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【material term 2 aluminum alloy castings】
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1. [applications]
Flood light, street light and small indoor lamps and lanterns in the shell.
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2. [level features]
With fusible components LM6 al-si alloy (containing 12% Si) is the most commonly used alloy material, because it's short coagulation time, good liquidity and low shrinkage, very suitable for gravity casting and pressure casting.
In addition, it has good corrosion resistance, in the outdoor work also do not need to coating protective layer (unless there is a beautiful demand). Contain a little bit less copper aluminum silicon alloy LM2 and LM24 also economical and practical, has high strength, good casting properties, but in terms of relative LM6 corrosion resistance is poor.
In some places, such as the airport lighting, need higher strength and corrosion resistance of the alloy, such as LM25. These alloys by high temperature calcination to ensure sufficient strength. Most of the application used in aluminum because it has some important features, namely its heat-resisting performance. Because aluminum is a relatively low-level metal, when it come into contact with other metals such as steel, stainless steel and copper, electrolytic action will occur. As a result, the outside it is necessary for these metal plating on the performance of the middle metal material (zinc, or cadmium), or with grease right plastic gasket, blocking barrier effect.
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3. [technology]
There are two main process, the hole is the molten metal into the mold.
Pressure comes from the cavity in the gravity casting molten metal itself, above in pressure casting, molten metal is against squeezing into the steel in the mould, which can produce a thinner devices.
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4. [painting]
Before coating, trimmed or roll to remove surface dust or debris. Adopt related process such as anodized LM25 apply process, in which each process when aluminum exposed to air, artificially in instantaneous formation on the surface of the oxide thin and tenacity, about 10 um thick, before oxide permanently closed, the dip dye can get in the surface color.
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【 material term 3 aluminum - sheet】
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1. [applications]
Reflector and grille
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2. [feature level]
For satisfactory effect, the reflector chinalco's content is 99.8%, at least when using 99.99% of ultrapure materials can obtain best results. Most of the reflector to form a layer of thin oxide film by anodization process, oxidation film is brittle, so the small Angle bending surface oxidation film can produce many fine texture. After heated over 100 ℃ because expansion is different also can produce the same effect.
Another characteristic of oxide film is can produce a rainbow effect, especially under the trichromatic lamp.
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3. [technology]
Reflective materials were divided into two main parts:
One is the thickness of 0.4 ~ 0.4 mm coil or sheet;
One is thicker sheet generated by symmetric reflector by spinning.
Coil or sheet blanking first - forming - manual or semi-automatic punching shear, bending can be performed by rolled plate mechanical processing. Grille and assembly of the cross is the labor intensive production process; Spinning processing are commonly used to produce large parabolic reflector or axisymmetric reflector, mainly used in the spotlight.
Manual or semi-automatic operation, lathe processing, using a variety of steel forming machine processing - rotating flat plate will be a convex molding forming, polishing surface chemical treatment.
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4. [coating]
For reflector, it is mainly for the anode oxidation, the oxidation layer thickening of several microns, become the natural oxide layer that makes aluminium has good corrosion resistance.
In the electrochemical process, oxidation layer can grow on the funds belong to, must have a manual or chemical polishing process before.
Membrane layer is thicker reflectivity is lower, the reflector surface efficiency of the method is a new development: the thin oxide layer (such as Ti) evaporates to the anodized surface, its reflection performance consistent with that of aluminium coated glass reflection efficiency, this kind of material is more expensive but no rainbow phenomenon and reduce the possibility of small cracks.
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【 material term 4 other metal materials 】
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1. [filament]
Material: the development of natural fiber - jet - carbon, osmium, titanium, tungsten
The main advantages: tungsten
(1) high melting point 3420 ℃ make it than other metal at a higher operating temperature, in the case of all the conditions are the same, the higher temperature means the higher lumen efficiency.
(2) in the vapor pressure is the lowest among all conductive material, and on this basis, can obtain very high evaporation of the filament temperature and minimum (blister black).
(3) tungsten is a spectrum selective emitter, it in the region of the visible spectrum emissivity is higher than the infrared emissivity, it is important for any given temperature efficiency.
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2. [Other use]
Tungsten filament and electrode materials.
Pure aluminium and brass material used in the manufacture of lamp holder, brass is nickel plated in order to achieve high corrosion resistance, aluminum gradually become low-cost lamp manufacturing materials (such as the incandescent light bulb).
Soldering, or brazing is often used for electric connection between lamp holder and the filament, in some lamp type, lamp holder and thread between traditional welding was replaced by mechanical pressure.
Aluminum is another important use as a vapor deposition in the condenser and map light reflective coating, this is mainly due to its low melting point 660 ℃.
In incandescent light bulbs, filament scaffold by molybdenum (no halogen) and tungsten (contain halogen). Used for discharge or incandescent lamps stent in coat parts generally used into required shape, made of stainless steel wire spot welding.
Nickel, iron, and copper alloys are widely used in the fuse, sealing glass alloy, bimetallic strip and godet, heating control of bending metal piece was introduced in some high pressure sodium lamp is used as the boot device.
In order to discharge the spectrum radiation belt, a large number of metals used in vapor state, such as dysprosium, indium, gallium, holmium, mercury, scandium, sodium, thallium, thorium, thulium, tin and so on.
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3. [electrode]
Electrode electricity into the discharge, and provides the holding current of electrons.
Due to work requirements under the high temperature (2000 ℃), electrode materials used must have a low vapor pressure, not only to ensure that its own life, and want to stop excessive pollution of lamp itself (the end black), in addition the material strength, must have enough machinery PengZhuangXing, if any, must have the enough ductility to allow complex geometrical shape electrode manufacturing.
So far, tungsten is the most important commercial purposes, although tantalum, nickel and iron is also used, such as neon electrode (cold cathode) is made of pure iron.
When temperature exceeds 2000 ℃, tungsten electron emitter is rich, but in many of the long life of the discharge, such a high temperature cannot be accepted, therefore, must find a way to strengthen the electron emission.
A solution is made from thoriated tungsten electrodes, thorium oxide particles in the material source of thorium, thorium source diffusion to the electrode surface is the most hot spots, is usually the tip of the electrode, the its work function decrease and then increase the rate of electron emission. Containing thorium electrode has been used in many of the metal halide lamp. Emission materials to significantly strengthen the electron emission, usually is to some kind of oxide coating on the electrode or assembled in the form within the electrode. In high pressure sodium lamp, spiral electrode based on calcium, barium and tungsten composite oxides by dipping, commonly referred to as BCT emission material, and the launch of an alternative material is oxygen ytterbium, and low pressure sodium lamp and fluorescent lamp USES is based on the launch of calcium, barium and strontium oxide materials
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【 material term 5 plastic】
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1. [The advantages and disadvantages ]
Advantage: the versatility and the flexibility of the design.
Disadvantages: reduces the high temperature resistance, resistance to chemical corrosion resistance, strength and the stability of the uv light is not ideal.
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2. [feature level]
Two main types: thermoplastic (to melting and recycling), thermosetting plastic (irreversible) in process.
Using traditional thermosetting plastic accessories, such as lamp holder has been replaced by thermoplastic materials especially polycarbonate.
Plastic can resistance to high temperature about 200 ℃, but at higher temperatures, the hardening and embrittlement and changing color, the price is more expensive, good flame retardancy.
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3. [applications]
Lamps and lanterns of ontology, diffuse, refractor, reflector, end cover, lamp holder, bushing, patch panel, and the elastic screw.
1) plastic ultra high temperature (160 ℃ ~ 200 ℃) :
2) high temperature materials (130 ℃ ~ 160 ℃)
3) material temperature (100 ℃ ~ 130 ℃)
4) material at low temperature (< 100 ℃)
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4. [technology]
Injection molding molding is a kind of thermoplastic plastic molding methods, especially in the mass production.
Injection molding can produce complex shape, thin wall and a better outside surface of the product. Other molding process include extrusion, diffuse grooved roller, blow molding and vacuum forming. The shape of the product determines the process.
Extrusion and rolling process of the main products are acrylic and a prism of polystyrene board. Through blow molding and vacuum technology, thin slab can be further processed. In recent years developed a new technology - plastic model making use of 3 D modeling technology, computer control of the laser in the resin tank work out 3-d modelling. By this method the intricacies of the products can be comparable with injection molding molding products, the technology for small complex reflector or refractor is very effective. SMC, thermosetting plastic manufacturing should pass pressure molding process. DMC is more suitable for injection molding casting.
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【Article is excerpted from: Web Search】
【Reserved Integrate / Just Reference】
【Translation is by The Network】
