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听写稿：
So the two pillars of 20th century physics are quantum theory and Einstein's theory of general relativity.Quantum theory describes the basic microscopic constituents of nature, and the interactions, such as the electrons and photons. While general relativity describes the force of gravity, it is curvature of space-time itself and governs large scale dynamics from ??____?? all the way to the evolution of the universe.The problem of quantum gravity arises because while these two theories are tremendously successful in their own domains, they cannot be complete since they are mutually incompatible.On the one hand, general relativity describes gravity as a ??causal?? deterministic theory, which cannot be treated quantum mechanically in the same ways as the other forces. If one tries to apply, the conventional rules of quantum mechanics gravity, it’s based back on uncontrollable infinities, or in other words, completely nonsense.On the other hand, the very foundations of quantum theory are threatened by Steven Hawking's famous result, that black holes, firmly radiate photons. It is anticipated that these issues cannot be resolved without a successful unified theory which incorporates both quantum mechanics and gravity. While there are many proposals, such as string theory, loop quantum gravity, and causal sets theory. Where the old ??atmosphere?? of the quantum gravity will be, remains a question for 21st century physics.译稿：
So the two pillars of 20th century physics are quantum theory and Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Quantum theory describes the basic microscopic constituents of nature, and the interactions, such as the electrons and photons. While general relativity describes the force of gravity, it is curvature of space-time itself and governs large scale dynamics from ??____?? all the way to the evolution of the universe.
The problem of quantum gravity arises because while these two theories are tremendously successful in their own domains, they cannot be complete since they are mutually incompatible.
On the one hand, general relativity describes gravity as a ??causal?? deterministic theory, which cannot be treated quantum mechanically in the same ways as the other forces. If one tries to apply, the conventional rules of quantum mechanics gravity, it’s based back on uncontrollable infinities, or in other words, completely nonsense.
On the other hand, the very foundations of quantum theory are threatened by Steven Hawking's famous result, that black holes, firmly radiate photons. It is anticipated that these issues cannot be resolved without a successful unified theory which incorporates both quantum mechanics and gravity. While there are many proposals, such as string theory, loop quantum gravity, and causal sets theory. Where the old ??atmosphere?? of the quantum gravity will be, remains a question for 21st century physics.
20世纪物理学的两大支柱，是量子理论和爱因斯坦的广义相对论。
量子理论描述了大自然的微观构成，以及它们之间（比如电子和光子）的相互作用。而广义相对论描述的则是引力。引力是时空本身的曲率，掌管着从？？一直到宇宙演化的大尺度动力学过程。
虽然这两个理论在各自的领域大放异彩，但它们还并非完美，因为它们相互之间是不相容的。量子引力的问题由此兴起。
一方面，广义相对论将引力表述为一个（因果？）决定性的理论，它不像其它几种力那样可以用量子力学的方式处理。如果硬要这么做，那么量子力学式引力的一般法则，就会建立在含有不可控无穷大的基础上。换句话说，就是这样做毫无意义。[译者注：这句话没听明白……大意是，如果用处理其它三种相互作用的方法处理引力，就会导致理论中出现一些无法消除的无穷大量。]
另一方面，量子力学稳固的根基也为史蒂芬·霍金的著名发现——即黑洞会持续辐射出光子所动摇。人们认为，如果没有一个成功融合量子力学和引力的统一理论，这些问题就不能得到解决。不过，现在已经有了很多这样的理论，比如弦论，圈量子引力和因果集理论等。量子引力将何去何从，依旧是21世纪物理学需要面对的问题。
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