一、形容词与副词比较级、最高级的变化规则
1、规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，Eg:，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，Eg:，nice-nicer-nicest
3以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，Eg:，heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，Eg:，big-bigger-biggest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，Eg:，slowly-moreslowly-mostslowly；beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful
、不规则变化
下列单、双音节词只能加more和most.
、原级的用法
1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too
Eg:Heistootiredtowalkon.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
2.原级常用的句型结构
（1）“甲+be+（倍数）+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
Eg:TomisasoldasKate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。
TomistwiceasoldasKate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。
“甲+实意动词+（倍数）+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”
Eg:TomrunsasfastasMike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
TomrunstwiceasfastasMike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。
（2）“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
Eg:Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.这个房间不如那个大。
“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…
Eg:Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.他走路不像你那样慢。
、比较级的用法
1.可以修饰比较级的词，much，alot，far，…的多alittle，abit，…一点儿
even甚至，still仍然
Eg:LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.第一课比第二课容易得多。
Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。
Thistrainrunsmuchfasterthanthatone.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。
Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanherhusband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。
2.比较级常用的句型结构
（1）“甲+be+（倍数）+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
Eg:TomistallerthanKate.汤姆比凯特高。
Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.这个房间比那个大三倍。
“甲+实意动词+（倍数）+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
Eg:Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
Herunsthreetimesfasterthanhisbrother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
（2）甲+be+形容词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词（+介词短语）Eg:TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.Eg:Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyotherstudentinhisclass.
=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。
=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。
=Mikegetstoschoolearliestinhisclass.迈克在他们班到校最早。
注意：MikegetstoschoolearlierthananystudentinTom’sclass.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。（迈克和汤姆不是同一个班）
（3）“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。
Eg:Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。
（4）“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
Eg:Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他变得越来越高了。
Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
Hedoeshishomeworkmoreandmorecarefully.他做作业越来越认真了。
（5）“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。
Eg:Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyou’llmake.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
（6）“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”
Eg:Whichisbigger，theearthorthemoon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？
“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”
Eg:Whodrawsbetter，JennyorDanny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？
3.最高级常用句型结构
（1）“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
Eg:Tomisthetallestinhisclass./ofallthestudents.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
Thisappleisthebiggestofthefive.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。
“主语+实意动词+（the）+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
Eg:Ijump（the）farthestinmyclass.我是我们班跳得最远的。
（2）“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
Eg:BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最大城市之一。
（3）“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。
Eg:Whichcountryisthelargest，China，BrazilorCanada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？
“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较
Eg:Whichseasondoyoulike（the）best，spring，summerorautumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？1.tall_______________________
2.fast_______________________
3.brave_______________________
4.late_______________________
5.big_______________________
6.fat_______________________
7.heavy_______________________
8.early_______________________
9.far_______________________
10.bad/ill_______________________
11.much/many____________________
12.good/well_____________________
13.careful________________________
14.beautifully____________________
(二)单项选择
1、Ihave_____todotoday.
A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportant
C.importantnothingD.importantsomething
2——Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphysics？
——No，chemistryisn’tas____asphysics.
A.easyB.difficult
C.easierD.moredifficult
3.Beijingisbecoming_________and__.
A.morebeautiful，moreB.beautiful，beautifulC.more，morebeautifulD.morebeautiful，morebeautiful4.______childrenthereareinafamily，_____theirlifewillbe.A.Theless，thebetterB.Thefewer，thebetterC.Fewer，richerD.More，poorer
5.Theexperimentwas________easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch
6、Oct15thwasoneof________daysin2003.TheShenzhou-Vwassentupsuccessfully.
A.excitingB.moreexciting
C.themostexcitingD.muchexciting
7.It’sseveno’clockintheafternoon，buttheyare______havingameeting.
AalreadyB.stillC.yetD.ever
8.Remembernottospeak_______whenweareinthereadingroom.
A.fastB.slowlyC.politelyD.loudly
9.“______hasthisfoodstorebeeninbusiness？”
“Since2001.”
A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowoldD.Howsoon
10.——Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday？
——Itwasterrible.Itrainedso___thatpeoplecould_________goout.
A.hardly…hardB.hardly…hardly
C.hard…hardlyD.hard…hard
11.Whata____cough！Youseem_____ill.
A.terrible，terriblyB.terribly，terrible
C.terrible，terribleD.terribly，terribly2.Ifeeleven_____now.
A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst
13.Shewasveryhappy.Sheran_____ofalltherunners.
A.fastestB.thequickestC.slowestD.quickly
14.Keepquiet，please.It’s_____noisyhere.
A.manytooB.toomanyC.muchtooD.toomuch
15.——Haveyou_____spokentoaforeigner？
——No，_____.
A.already，neverB.ever，never
C.yet，alreadyD.ever，ever
6.Heistallerthan_________inhisclass.
A.anyboyB.any
C.anyotherboyD.someotherboys
17.I’llgoandvisityou____nextweek.
A.sometimeB.sometimes
C.sometimesD.sometime
18.Thecarisrunning________.Itseemstobeflying.
A.moreandfasterB.moreandfast
C.fastandfastD.fasterandfaster
19.Englishisas_____asChinese.Youshouldlearnitwell.
A.importantB.moreimportant
C.themostimportantD.muchmoreimportant
20.Musicisnotsousefulasscience.It’s________usefulthanscience.
A.fewerB.lessC、moreD.alot
21.We’veneverheardof_____storybefore.
A.suchastrangeB.suchstrange
C.soastrangeD.sostrange
22.Youmustwearglasses.Theycankeepyoureyes______.
A.softB.safeC.safelyD.safety
23.Passmyglassestome，Jack.Ican_____readthewordsinthenewspaper.
A.hardlyB.reallyCclearlyD.rather
24.Threeyears_______，hebecomeadriver.
A.lateB.laterC.latelyD.morelately
25.Heis______enoughtocarrytheheavybox.
A.strongerB.muchstronger
C.strongD.thestrongest
26.Ibought_____exercise-bookswith____money.
A.afew，afewB.afew，alittle
C.alittle，afewD.alittle，alittle
7.Theboxis_____heavyforthegirl____carry.
A.too，toB.to，tooC.so，thatD.no，to
8.Doyouhave____totellus？
A.somethingnewB.newsomething
C.anythingnewD.newanything
29.——Doyouthinkthefishtastes_______？
——Shecookedit______，Ithink.
Agood，goodB、well，good
Cwell，wellD、good，well
0.Sheplayedthepiano_____thanwehadthought.
A.successfulB.successfully
C.moresuccessfulD.moresuccessfully
一．教学过程：具体讲解
1．比较级和最高级的构成：
（1）一般情况在词尾+“er”或“-est”，例如：clear—clearer—clearest
（2）以“e”结尾的单词在词尾+“-r”或“-st”，例如：wide—wider—widest
(3)以辅音字母+“y”结尾的单词，把y改为“i”，再+“-er”或“-est”，例如：happy—happierhappiest
(4)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，双写最后一个字母，再在词尾+“-er”或“-est”，例如：big—biggerbiggest
（5）双音节或多音节的单词在词前+“more”“most”，我们目前学过的单词有下面这些：slowly（慢地），famous（著名的），beautiful（美丽的），delicious（可口的），important（重要的），interesting（有趣的），difficult（困难的），excited（兴奋的），horrible（可怕的），dangerous（危险的），comfortable(舒服的)例如：beautiful—morebeautifulmostbeautiful
delicious—moredeliciousmostdelicious
(6)比较级和最高级有规则和不规则变化
原形 意思 比较级 最高级 good 好；好的 better
best well 好；好地 many 多；许多 more most much 多；大量的 bad 坏；坏的 worse worst ill 病的；有病的 little 少的；小的 less least far 远的 farther farthest
2．比较级和最高级的运用。
(1)比较级的运用:句中有“than”或表示两类人／物比较时，我们用比较级，例如：
Theelephantisbiggerthanthebog.
Whichisstronger,atigeroralion?
(２)最高级的运用：句中有“of”．“the”．“in”或三类人／物比较时，我们用最高比较级，例如：
Thebluewhaleisthebiggestanimalintheworld.
二．仔细观察，找规律，写下来。
Model1:small---smaller---smallest
(1)new---__________(2)short---___________(3)cold---___________
(4)high---__________(5)low---____________(6)cheap---__________
Model2:nice---nicer---nicest
(7)fine---__________(8)white---___________
(9)large---_________(10)cute---____________
Model3:heavy---heavier----heaviest
(11)easy---_________(12)dirty---___________(13)ugly---___________
(14)lovely---_________(15)hungry---_________(16)sorry---___________
Model4:big---bigger---biggest
(17)fat---__________(18)thin---___________
(19)hot---__________(20)wet---___________
三．实战训练
（一）用括号里词的适当形式填空。
1．Bobis______(young)thanFredbut_______(tall)thanFred.
2．Yingtianis______(tall)thanYongxian.
3．Almostallthestudents’facesarethesamebutLiDeminglooks________(fat)thanbeforetheholidays.
4．Whichis_________(heavy),ahenorachicken?
5．---How________(tall)isSally?
---She’s1.55metres_________(tall).WhataboutXiaoling?
---She’sonly1.40metres_______(tall).
Sheismuch________(short)thanSally.
Sheisalsothe________(short)girlintheclass.
6．Heis_________(bad)atlearningmaths.Heismuch______(bad)atChineseandheisthe_______(bad)atEnglish.
7．AnniesaysSallyisthe________(kind)personistheworld.
8．Heisoneofthe________(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ithink.
9．Adictionaryismuch_____________(beautiful)thanastory-book.
10．Anorangeisalittle_________(big)thananapple,butmuch________(small)thanawatermelon.
11．TheChangjiangRiveristhe_________(long)riverinChina.
12．Sueisalittle___________(beautiful)thanhersister.
13．Myroomis___________(big)thanmybrother’s.
14．---Annieplaysthepianovery_________(well).
---Sueplaysit__________(well)thanAnnie.
AndSallyplaysit___________(well)inherclass.
15．Saturdayisthe____________(busy)dayinaweek.
16．Hermotherisgetting_________(heavy)and_________(heavy).
17．Ithinkit’stooexpensive(贵的).I’dlikea_________(cheap)one.
18．Hecomestoschoolmuch_________(early)thanI.
19．Thisbookis____________(interesting)thanthatone.
20．Yourclassroomis_________(wide)and_________(bright)thanours.
21.NowEnglishis____________(important)thananyothersubject,Ithink.
22.Mostofthestudentsthinkalionismuch___________(dangerous)thanabearanditisthe__________(dangerous)animalintheworld.
(二)改错，指出下面句子中的一处错误，写在题后的括号里，并改正在后面的横线上。
（1）Heistallestthanme.()_____________
（2）Sheisalittleyoungestthanshelooks.()_____________
(3)Bobisheavierthananyotherboysintheclass.()_____________
(4)Thegirlsstudythebetterthantheboy.()____________
(5)Thisbookismuchmostinterestingthanthatone.()_____________
(6)HesaysMaryismostfriendlypersonintheclass.
()_____________
(7)Whichcityismostbeautiful,BeijingofGuangzhou?
()_____________
(8)Jackworkshard.MikeworksveryharderthanJack.
()_____________
(9)LondonisthebiggercityinBritain.()____________
(10)BobplaysfootballbadlybutFredplaysfootballmuchbadlierthanBob.()___________
(三)根据中文意思，完成下面的句子，把答案写在横线上。
1．她看起来比玛丽年轻。
Shelooks________________________Mary.
2．杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。
Jack’sfatheris_______________________thanhermother.
3．我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。
Ourclassroomis___________________________theirs.
4．你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？
Whichanimaldoyoulike_____________,acatoradog?
(四)根据上下文的意思，选用方框里单词的填空（每个只能选用一次）。
happybetterearliereatingbestearliestwellearly
Tomusuallygetsup(1)________inthemorning.Buthisfathergetsup(2)________thanhim.Hisgrandmothergetsup(3)________inhisfamily.Tomcancookbreakfast(4)________.Hismothercancookbreakfast(5)_________thanhim.Hisgrandmothercooks(6)________inhisfamily.Tomfeels(7)__________everyday.Heenjoys(8)_________themealseveryday.
四．就画线部分提问题。
Model:IlivedinChangsha,Hunanfrom2000to2006.
WhendidyouliveinChangsha,Hunan?
Iworkedinafarmtoolfactoryin2000.
_________________________________________________________________________
Weusuallygotoschoolonfoot.
________________________________________________________________________
Ilikepandasbecausetheyarelovely.
________________________________________________________________________
Theteachersoftenhelpus.
________________________________________________________________________
ThesportshoesareJane’s.
________________________________________________________________________
Thatmanis100yearsold.
________________________________________________________________________
Thefishisfiveyuanakilo.
________________________________________________________________________
Therearetwogreenbirdsinthetree.
__________________________________________________________________________
Ipreferhamburgers.
________________________________________________________________________
Mymotherusuallygetsupatsix.
________________________________________________________________________
Iamgoingtostaythereforthreedays.
________________________________________________________________________
Mygrandfatherwaterstheflowerseveryday.
________________________________________________________________________
三．根据提示，用适当的单词填空。
（1）Thesearemyhands.Thisismyl_________handandthisismyr___________hand.
(2)MaLiisChinese.Shehasl_________b_________hair,b_________eyes,andas___________mouth.Shel___________beautiful.
(3)Theoldmanwasveryu_________tolookat,buthewasp________,k_________andf___________.
(4)Thelittlegirlistwelvey___________old.Sheis140c__________tall.
(5)Weusuallyp__________treesins__________inourschoolgarden.
(6)Howm__________arethemushrooms?Arethey30yuanak__________?
(7)Lookatthebox.Thereareal__________ofbooksinit.Allofthemarem__________.
(8)Thiselephantistheo__________elephantinthezoo.Itisf__________Africa.
(9)N__________toseeyou,MrSmith.
(10)Theroomisveryd_________.Ican’tseeanything.
四．仿照例子，改写下面的句子。
Model1:Myfatherisanofficeworker.(factoryworker)
Myfatherisn’tafactoryworker.Heisanofficeworker.
Thechildrenareinthegym.(playground)
_____________________________________________________________
Thereissomewaterintheglass.(coffee)
_____________________________________________________________
Wehaveafootball.(basketball)
_____________________________________________________________
KenandCarlareplayingwithatoycar.(toyplane)
_____________________________________________________________
Theboycanswim.(jumphigh)
_____________________________________________________________
Sallyisn’tcleaninghermother’sclothes.(herfather’sclothes)
_____________________________________________________________
ThechildrenaregoingtovisitthemuseumnextSunday.(factory)
_____________________________________________________________
Tomwillreadalotofbooksonholiday.(playballgames)
_____________________________________________________________
Thetoytruckischeaperthantoymotorbike.(thetoybike)
_____________________________________________________________
JimwatchedTVlastnight.(listenedtothetape)
_____________________________________________________________
1
1
|
|
