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Since the invention of lightning from the 1880 s, has been 100 years of history.
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【light】
Light source is in the form of electromagnetic wave transmission, electromagnetic waves can be felt by people's eyes, the m - 780 - nm wavelength range of 380 n (nm: nano, length of unit 1 nm = 10 to 9 m), more than 780 nm for infrared, radio and so on, less than 380 nm for ultraviolet (uv) light, x-rays, cosmic rays, etc.
Visible part is divided into solution ChengGongGuang, yellow light, orange light, green light, green light and blue light, purple light seven basic monochromatic light.
All light and other electromagnetic radiation, like in a vacuum spread along a straight line at a speed of 300000 kilometers per second. When light passing through a substance, such as water or air, the speed will slow. The speed of light in a vacuum and that is called the medium the refractive index of medium speed ratio, the different index of refraction on the interface of two medium, incoming light produces reflection and emission phenomenon.
Light scattering may be created in the communication process, diffuse reflection, diffuse transmission phenomenon and so on.
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【 color concept of term 1 】
Human visual organs in color stimulation cause the psychological reaction of the brain, the visual organ under the different wavelength of light physical stimulus at the same time produce color stimulation signals to the brain, and brain to accept the color signal it into color concept unceasingly, and stored in the brain's visual experience, explain, to form the color perception.
Achromatic color points and color.
The color refers to the variety of different shades of white, black color. Color refer to the various colors of black and white series.
Due to emotional effect and association of objective things, the color of visual stimuli produced a series of color perception psychological effect. This effect as the specific time, place, condition (such as shape, natural conditions, hobbies, living habits, form size and position, etc.) of different and different, generally can produce color temperature feeling, distance feeling, weight feeling and dimensional feeling, dark feeling, etc.
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【 color term 2 color temperature Application 】
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1. The color temperature of light source
Use and light source color temperature is equal or close to the perfect radiator of absolute temperature to describe the color of the light source table looks directly at light source (human eyes can see color) also known as the light source color temperature.
Color temperature is the absolute temperature (K). Different color temperature would cause people emotionally different reactions, we usually put the color temperature of light source is divided into three categories:
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A. warm color light
Warm color light color temperature below 3300 k. Incandescent light warm color light and color, more red light components, give a person with warm, healthy, comfortable feeling, suitable for families, homes, dormitories, hospital, hotel and other places, or temperature is lower.
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B. warm white
Also called the middle color, its color temperature between 3300 k to 5300 k.
Warm white light is downy, make the person feel happy, comfortable, peaceful, is suitable in shop, hospital, office, hotel, restaurants, waiting rooms and other places.
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C. light cool color
Also called daylight color, its colour temperature above 5300 k, light close to natural light, bright feeling, make the person focused, suitable for office, conference room, drawing room, classroom, studio, library reading room, window display etc.
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D. play of colour
The degree of color rendering of light source object called a play of colour
Is the color of the lifelike degree, play high color light source of color performance is good, we can see the color of the color is more close to nature, in low light color with color performance is bad, we can see the color deviation is bigger also.
Why do high and low points of the color? Its key depends on the spectral characteristics of the light, of visible light wavelengths in the range of 380 mm to 380 mm, is we to see in the spectrum of red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, purple light range, if the light emission by the light of the proportion of each color close to natural light in, is we the color of the eyes can see is more realistic.
General color rendering index as the characterization of color rendering. Standard color under the radiation of standard light source, color rendering index for 100. When colour is test illuminant, the color degree of distortion on the vision, it is the light source color rendering index. Is the color rendering index, the greater the distortion is less, on the other hand, the greater the distortion, the less the color rendering index.
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(2) different places for light source color rendering index requirements are not the same. In the international association of lighting to color rendering index is divided into five general categories:
| | Ra category | | application scope
1 a > 90 art galleries, museums and printing industries and locations
2 b 80-90 families, restaurants, advanced textile technology, and similar industry
2. 60-80 offices, schools, outdoor street lighting
3 40-60 heavy industry factories, outdoor street lighting
4 20-40 outdoor road lighting and some requirements is not high
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【source】
Lighting source because of their light condition is different, the different photoelectric properties.
In order to correctly choose lighting light source, it must be the electrical characteristics, photoelectric properties and applied occasion.
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【light source term 1 classification】
Carried out in accordance with the glow in the form of different classification.
Radiation source/gas discharge lighting light source
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[Radiation source]
Using the electric current through the electric wire, it is heated to incandescence state and emit visible light
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[gas discharge light source]
Using certain elements of the atoms are electron excitation and radiation.
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【light source term 2 property index 】
| light source type | luminous efficacy (Lm/W) | color rendering index (Ra) | color temperature (K) | | | stroboscopic effect color temperature the average life expectancy (h) | | to ignite time note | (power range)
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[incandescent] - 6.5-20-95-99-2400-2700 - warm color no -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1000 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- instantaneous 15 w - 500 - w
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/ halogen tungsten lamp - 15-30-95-99-280-3300 - warm color -- - no -- -- -- -- -- -- 2000 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - instantaneous - 20 w - 120 w
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Halide phosphate fluorescent lamp - T10, T12-40-60, 50-60-2700-4000-5400 - warm color - a color light color middle - a - 6000-1-4 s - 20 w - 120 w
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[trichromatic fluorescent] - T8-60-80-80-2700-4000-5400 - color warm color - middle - daylight color - 10000 - a - 1-4 s - 18 w - 120 w
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/ compact fluorescent lamps - 50-60, 80, 2700, 4000, 5400 among the warm color light color no 8000 < 1 s 3 w - 120 w
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/ low voltage sodium lamp - 90-160-2000 - warm color - a - 20000-8-10 min - 18 w - 180 w
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(high pressure sodium lamp] - 80-100-25-5500 - a cool color - 20000-8-10 min - 35 w, 180 w
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(high pressure mercury lamp) - 40-60-30-50-4000-6500 - a cool color - 10000-8-10 min - 50 w - 1000 w
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[metal halide lamp] - 60-80-80-95-4000-6500 - a cool color - 8000-8-10 min - 35 w, 3500 w
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【 source term 3 choice】
The electric light source should be selected for implementation of green lighting engineering basis points.
Green lighting project is designed to save energy and protect the environment.
Its specific content is: USES the electric light source of high photosynthetic efficiency, low pollution, raise lighting quality, protect eyesight, improve labor productivity and energy effective utilization rate, save energy, reduce illume cost, reduce the hydropower project construction, reduce emissions of harmful substances and escape, achieve the purpose of protecting human survival environment.
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1. [limit ordinary incandescent lamp application]
Ordinary incandescent lamp belongs to the older generation light source, light efficiency low, life is short, should be restricted, but can't be completely canceled, because ordinary incandescent lamp, no electromagnetic interference, facilitate adjustment, suitable for frequent need to switch places. For local lighting, flood lighting, signal indication, and is rich in hydropower is indispensable in the mountainous and remote rural areas of light source.
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2. [using incandescent light bulbs, halogen tungsten lamp to replace ordinary]
Tungsten halogen lamp and general lighting incandescent lamp is incandescent light bulbs, belong to the same kind of product, are the current through the filament incandescent light, is an upgraded version of ordinary incandescent lamp. Incandescent light bulbs, halogen tungsten light efficiency and service life than ordinary more than twice as high, therefore, in many lighting places such as commercial window display, the exhibition hall (including general commercial product, cultural art and historical relics exhibition, etc.) as well as photography lighting, etc., require high color rendering, high cold light or concentrated occasions, can be used in a variety of structural form different halogen tungsten lamp to replace ordinary incandescent bulbs, to save energy, improve the quality of lighting purposes.
Compared with the compact fluorescent lamp, compact halogen tungsten lamp efficacy is relatively low, life is relatively short. But compact fluorescent lamps missing point is a luminous body size is bigger than quartz tungsten halogen lamp with power, it is difficult to realize optical control of output light, therefore, generally in the beam of light output has strict requirements, adopting reflection type compact halogen tungsten lamp. Compared with the compact fluorescent lamp, compact halogen tungsten lamp also has good color, easy to realize the advantages of that move light, without specific requirements, should be used as far as possible compact type fluorescent lamp to replace incandescent lamp.
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3. [recommend using compact fluorescent lamps to replace incandescent ]
Compared with incandescent lamp, compact fluorescent lamps per watt of light flux is five times bigger than the general lighting incandescent, 10 times of the nominal life is incandescent lamp. Since the quality of phosphors constantly improve and improve, compact fluorescent color rendering index can be reached around 80, under the condition of general lighting, people can be satisfied completely.
Can compact fluorescent lamps and ballasts connected together, combined into integrated light, adopts the E27 lamp holder, with ordinary incandescent lamp replacement directly, very convenient.
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4. [phi is recommended for the 26 mm, phi and 16 mm thin tube diameter fluorescent lamp]
With phi 26 mm, phi and 16 mm thin tube diameter fluorescent lamp to replace incandescent lamp, ZhiGuanXing fluorescent light efficiency and longevity are 6 times more than ordinary incandescent lamp, is one of the best lamp kind of replace ordinary incandescent lamp.
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5. [metal halide lamp is recommended for the]
Metal halide lamp, high intensity gas discharge lamp. Due to the 80 s and 90 s of the 20th century, our country constantly introduced from abroad advanced equipment and technology, the technology of these two kinds of lamp performance almost at or near the level of similar foreign products. All kinds of high pressure sodium lamp and metal halide lamp with high light efficiency and long life characteristics, respectively, are widely used in various environmental conditions of indoor and outdoor lighting, such as airports, ports, docks, roads and urban streets, stadiums, large industrial workshop, exhibition hall, iron etc.
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【 source term 4 specific 】
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1. [Incandescent light bulbs]
Clear light bubble has excellent 6 ~ 25, 100, 2900 warm effect, high luminance requirements slightly exquisite sedate atmosphere in the living room, bathroom and so on.
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2. [frosted bubble]
6 ~ 25 attractive woman with a warm, comfortable effect food table lighting.
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3. [pearl bubble]
10 ~ 15 light happy atmosphere points out the more soft lighting, lighting time is shorter the porch, toilets and other places.
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4. [halogen lamp]
J, JCV, JC, JDR excellent type 10 to 20, 100, 3000, light color clear, bright color table, living room, wall act the role ofing, commodity exhibition, etc lighting.
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5. [fluorescent]
Daylight color 45 ~ 75 75 to 6500 micro blue light and cool atmosphere general
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6. [white]
48 ~ 82, 61, 4200 light yellow color, with a warm atmosphere
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7. [white day]
48 ~ 82 72 to 5000, downy atmosphere densities
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8. [high color]
Excellent 58-95 95 5000 with incandescent light bulb requires real colour performance venues
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9. [three wavelength daylight color]
54 ~ 88 84 84 with cool and refreshing feeling, visible object color, study, sitting room, bedroom, etc
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10. [white three wavelengths ]
58-95 84 5000, soft colors, natural health
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11. [mercury vapor]
Qing 23 6000 short 40 ~ 50 dazzling light garden, landscape lighting, outdoor lighting, lighting lighting, wall corner channel
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12. [fluorescent color]
45 ~ 70 53 fair 4100 wavelengths, not dazzling
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【Article is excerpted from: Web Search】
【Reserved Integrate / Just Reference】
【Translation is by The Network】
