(abridged)
ByAnothonyBurgess
A.Answerthefollowingquestionsonthetext:
1.WhatwerethingslikeinItalywhentheauthorreturnedthere?
2.HowdidItalianstaketheirlife?Howcouldtheyhavesuchareaction
3.Whydidn’tAmericanshavesuchareactiontowhatwasgoingwrongintheirowncountry?
4.WhydoestheauthorsaythatAmericanindividualismposesaparadoxintheirmannerofconsumption?
5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmericanservicesingeneralandthemeansoftransportationinparticular?
6.WhathaveAmericansrealizedabouttheirhabitsofconsumption?Whydoesthisleadtoneurosis?
7.WhatdoestheauthorthinkiswrongwithAmericaneducation?
8.WhatmadeAmericansrealizetheyarealsosubjecttoevil?
9.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheAmericanyoung?
10.whatdoestheauthorsuggestAmericansshoulddoimmediately?
KeyA
1.TheItalianGovernmentwasunstable,andthingswereexpensive.Peoplewerenotsatisfiedwiththeirlives.
2.Italianstooktheirlifehumorously,fortheywerefamiliarwiththebitternessofliving.
3.Americanswerepsychologicallyunpreparedforonethingtogowrongasaprewarcountry.
4.Forthedesireforpossessionsmusteventuallymeandependenceonpossessions.Freedomisslavery.
5.Americanservicesdecayandthemeansoftransportationrundown.
6.(1)Americanshaverealizedthattheyarenotonlytheworld‘sbiggestconsumer,butalsotheworld’sbiggestpolluter.
(2)Theyareconsciousofguiltbutunabletoreform,whichleadstoneurosis.
7.Americahasalwaysdespiseditsteachersandtheteachersworkedrigidlyfromtheapprovedrigidlyprogrammedprimers.Buttherewassospark,nodaring,nomadness,noreadinesstoengagetheindividualchild’smind.
8.TheVietnamWarmadeAmericansrealizetheyarealsosubjecttoevil.
9.Americanyoungmustnotbetakenasguidessincetheyhavebeenmisguided.
10.Americansshoulddemandfromtheirgovernmentamenitiesforthemany,ofwhichadequatestatepensionsandsicknessbenefits,aswellasnationalizedtransport,shouldbepriorities.
B.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:
1.Newappetitesareinvented;WhattotheEuropeanarebizarreluxuriesbecome,totheAmerican,plainnecessities.
2.Whereprivateownershipprevails,publicamenitiesdecayorarepreventedfromcomingintobeing.
3.ThefearofbeingunorthodoxisrootedintheAmericanteacher’ssoul;youcanbefiredfortreadingthepathofexperimentalenterprises.
4.butinstantecstasyhastobepurchased,likeanyothercommodity,and,ineconomicterms,thatpassivelifeinvolvesparasitism.
5.TheAmericanyoungarewell-meaningbutmisguided,andmustnotthemselvesbetakenasguides.
6.Literatureoftenreactsmagnificentlytoanambienceofuneaseorapparentbreakdown.
7.I‘mnotsuggestingthatAmericansitbackandwaitforatransientperiodofmistrustanddespairtoresolveitself.
8.Asenseofsinisalwaysadmirable,thoughitmustnotbeallowedtobecomeneurotic.
KeyB
1.养成了新胃口，对欧洲人是希奇古怪的奢侈品的东西，却成了美国人普通的必需品。
2.在私制占优势的地方，公共性的便利设施不是衰败就是受到阻挠无法存在某些方面。]
3.害怕离经叛道的思想在美国教师的灵魂中根深蒂固，踏上实验事业之路可能使你被解雇。
4.但是和其他所有商品一样，短暂的心醉神迷需要去购买，从经济角度来看，消极的生活意味着寄生状态。
5.美国青年本意是好的，但是误入歧途，因此自己不应再被当作领路人。
6.文学常常在不安或表面崩溃的气氛中才能做出最出色的反应。
7.我的意思并不是说美国人应坐着等待一个怀疑与绝望的过渡阶段自行消失。
8.罪过感总是值得钦佩的，虽然不应允许它发展成神经质。
C.Fillintheblankineachsentencewiththebestwordandexpressionfromtheboxbelow,changingitsfromwhennecessary:
Havethegracecallouslusciousattheseamschokeintermsofavailabletoself-containedrepentanceacquisitionsubjecttoneurotic
1.Theircleverplancameapartattheseamswhenthegovernmentchangedthetaxlaws.
2.Thesmokefromtheburningbuildingalmostchokedthefiremantodeath.
3.Ihaveneverseensuchanimpolitemanbefore.Heshoutedinsultsatmebeforemyfriendsandyethedidnotevenhavethegracetoapologize.
4.Thecorporatepolicycannotbecriticizedintermsofconsumersatisfaction.
5.Heisarathersilent,self-containedmanwhenwithstrangers.
6.Thecompanyandtheunionagreedthattheworkers’wagesshouldbesubjectedtochangesinthecostofliving.
7.Wewereshockedattheircallousslaughterofdozensofelephants.
8.Heshoweddeeprepentanceforhiswrongdoing,hopingtogetalighterpunishment.
A.Circletherightwordorexpressionfromthebracketsineachofthefollowingsentences:
1.Inspiteofhisweaknesshis(rugged,dogged)determinationhelpedhimtowintherace.
2.Thetimebetweentwodistinctperiodsofhistory,artorliteratureiscalledaperiodof(transmission,transition).
3.Unawareofthetruth,thousandsofpeoplegatheredthere,(clamoring,glamorizing)forlegalrecognitionoftheirorganization.
4.(Accusation,Condemnation)ofthebombingoftheembassywentswiftlyacrossthecountry.
5.Thespeakerwentonreadinghispreparedspeechwithouta(consciousness,conscientiousness)thattheaudienceisalreadygettingbored.
6.Thedeathoftheirlovelydaughterlandedthemingreat(ecstasy,anguish).
7.Ateachershouldnotbe(segmental,partial)toanyofhisstudents.
8.Therestaurantissmallbutcozywithan(amenity,ambience)ofease,friendliness,andelegance.
E/ExplaintheunderlinedwordsinEnglish:
1.….tobacoonistsreadytogoonstrikeatthedropofahat…
2.Duringmyyear’sstayinNewJerseyIletmyappetiteflowerintofullAmericanismexceptforonething.
3.…peopleareliterallychokingtodeathintheirexhaustfumes.
4.Consumption,ononelevel,isturninginsipid…
5.Thereisagrowingguiltaboutthemassesofdiscardedjunk…thatitisuneconomicaltorecycle.
6.AndnowAmerica,fillinginthevacuumleftbytheliquefiedBritishEmpire…
7.….thattheyouthofAmericahasbeeninthevanguardofthediscoveryofboththediseaseandthecure.
8.Ibravethebrutalityandtheguiltinordertobeonthescene.
１．Readytogoonstrikeonslightestpretext.
２．IadaptedmyselftoAmericanism.
３．Theharmfulgasesdischargedfromthecarenginesmakeitextremelydifficultforpeopletobreathe.
４．Consumptionisbecomingunattractive.
５．Itisnotworthwhilereusingthediscardedjunk.
６．AmericaisfillingtheempitinessinbeliefleftbytheBritishEmpirethathasthoroughlycollapsed.
７．TheyouthofAmericaisthepioneerwhodiscoverstheproblemsofthesocietyandalsoprovidessolutions.
８．Ifacecrueltyandtheguiltwithoutfearinordertobepresent.
F.Translatethefollowingintoenglish:
很多人都认为美国的教育在世界上是一流的，但作者却有自己独特的看法，认为美国的教育存在严重的问题。美国教育质量差并不是因为教师水平低，教师是认真负责的，问题在于他们教书太死板，不敢超出初级读本半步，生怕丢了饭碗，这样就培养不出来怪才。美国教育另外一个严重的问题是不教孩子如何尊重和继承为类的文化遗产。作者这里讲的是初等教育的情况，中等教育和高等教育的情况是否也是这样呢？
KeyF
MostpeoplebelievethatAmericaneducationisofthehighestqualityintheworld,buttheauthorhashisuniqueopinion.HethinksthatthereareseriousproblemsinAmericaneducation.ThelowqualityofAmericaneducationcannotbefaultedonthelowteachinglevel.Teachersareworkinghard,buttheproblemisthattheyareteachingsorigidlythattheyworkrigidlyfromtheapprovedrigidlyprogrammedprimers.Theyareafraidoflosingthejob.Theycan’tcultivateraregeniusinthisway.Anotherseriousprobleminamericaneducationisthatchildrenarenottaughthowtorespectandinheritculturalheritageofhumanbeings.Whattheauthorstateshereisthesituationofprimaryeducation.Arethesecondaryeducationandhighereducationinthesamesituation.?
G.Writeashortpassageof150-200wordsonthetopic“DoyouagreewiththeAuthor‘sopinionsabouttheAmericanYoung?”youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:
1.Ageneralstatementofyouropinion;
2.oneortwopointsyouagreeordisagree;
3.yourreasons.
KeyG
Doyouagreewiththeauthor’sopinionsabouttheAmericanyoung?”
Inthisarticle,theauthorpointsoutwhatproblemswithAmericaare,analyseshowtheyleadtoneurosis,andsuggestswhatAmericansshoulddo.ButwhenitcomestotheproblemoftheAmericanyoung.Ican’tagreewithhim.
TheauthorpointoutthattheAmericanyoungaremisguided,andmustnotthemselvesbetakenasguides.Ican’thavehisopinion.Aboveall,itisacommonsensethatyoungpeoplearealwaystheguidesormainforcestobuildthecountry.Americacan’tmakeanexception.Theirrightstobetakenasguidescan’tbedeprivedonlybecausetheyarenotperfect.Next,Ithinktheauthormakesaseriousmistakethathehasmistakentheproblemsofsomeyoungpeoplefortheproblemsofalltheyoungpeople.Itistruethatthereareescapists,drugaddictsamongtheAmericanyoung.Buttheycan’trepresentalltheyoungpeople.Theauthorignoresthefactthatnumerousyoungeliteshavebecomethebackboneofthecountryinallwalksoflife.
Thus,wecaneasilyseethattheauthor’sopinionabouttheAmericanyoungcan’tfindafoothold.TheAmericanyoungaresuretobetakenasguides.
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LessonsixteenThroughtheTunnel
ByDorisLessing
A.Answerthefollowingquestionsonthetext:
1.wherewerethemotherandson?Whatweretheydoingthere?
2.WasJerrytiredoftheusualbeachandlongingtogosomewhereelse?
3.Wheredidjerrywanttogoandwhy?
4.Didhismotheragreetolethimgo?Whatwereherworries?
5.whatweretheotherboysdoingunderwater?
6.Whydidheneedtolearntocontrolhisbreathing?
7.WasJerryacceptedbythebiggerboys?Howdidhefeelwhentheywentawayfromhim?
8.Didhefinallygetthroughthetunnel?
9.whatdoyouthinkabouttherelationshipbetweenmotherandson?
10.IsthereanythingwecanlearnfromJerry?
KeyA
1.1.theywereontheseashore.
2.theywerehavingtheirholidays.
2.Yes,Jerrywastiredoftheusualbeachandlongingtogotootherplace.
3.Hewantedtogowildbaybecauseitisdangerousandstimulating.
4.Yes,Jerry‘smotheragreedtolethimgo.
5.Theotherboyswereswimmingthroughthetunnel.
6.Helearnedtocontrolhisbreathinginordertoswimthroughthetunnel,becauseswimmingthroughthetunnelwillcostsometime.
7.No,hewasn’tacceptedbythebiggerboys.
Hefeltsadandit’sunbearableforhimwhentheywentawayfromhim.
8.Yes,hedid.
9.Themotherandsonloveandcareeachother.
10.WecanlearnfromJerryhisstrongwillandpersistence.
BTranslatethefollowingintoChinese:
1.Shefrowned,conscientiouslyworryingoverwhatamusementshemightsecretlybelongingfor…
2.Shewasdeterminedtobeneitherpossessivenorlackingindevotion.
3.…theyunderstoodthathewasaforeignerstrayedfromhisownbeach,andtheyproceededtoforgethim.
4.jerrydived,shotpasttheschoolofunderwaterswimmers…andbobbedupatoncetothesurface…
5.Therock,latelyweightedwithboys,seemedtorearupoutofthewaterastheirweightwasremoved.
6.Hecountedfaster,faster,tohurrythemup,tobringthemtothesurfacequickly…
7.Butshesaltwassopainfulinhiseyesthathecouldnotsee.
8.Hefixedthegogglestightandfirm,filledhislungs,andfloated,facedown,onthewater.
KeyB
1.她皱起眉头，挖空心思在想杰里内心渴望从事什么样的娱乐活动。
2.她决心对儿子既不充满占有欲也不缺乏爱心。
3.他们明白了他是从他那儿的海滩误游过来的外国人，他们不再理睬他。
4.杰里跳入水中，飞快地超过水下游泳者。。。。立即浮出水面。。。。]
5.刚站满了那群大男孩的礁石好像随着孩子们的离去减轻了重量而升出水面。
6.他越数越快，想催他们快点游，尽快游到水面上来。
7.但是海水太刺痛眼睛了，他什么也看不见。
8.他把眼罩戴紧，吸足了气，脸朝下浮在水中。
C.Fillintheblankineachsentencewiththebestwordorexpressionfromtheboxbelow,changingitsformwhennecessary:
Cravingblurtoutoverdodefiantirregularscattergropemotionlessswerveoffhaulnagunbearable
1.Thecarswervedofftothelefttoavoidabicycle.
2.Thehusbandpleadedwithhiswifetostopnagging.
3.Thelightssuddenlywentoutandwewereallgropingfortorchesinthedark.
4.Theexplosionsentthecrowdscatteringinalldirections.
5.Thesoldierslaymotionlessinambushbehindthehedge.
6.Thechildblurtedoutthetruththattheemperorhadnothingon.
7.Afteryearsofpoliticalturbulencethepeoplehada(n)cravingforpeaceandstability.
8.Beijingwashitbya(n)unbearableheatinthesummerof1999.
D.Circletherightwordorexpressioninthebracketsineachofthefollowingsentences:
1.His(unfailing,lasting)courageandwisdomhelpedhimovercomedifficultiesintimesofadversity.
2.Thestudent‘puzzled(uncomprehending,incomprehensible)lookshowsthattheyfindtheprofessor’sexplanation(uncomprehending,incomprehensible).
3.Thesonfelt(contented,relieved)uponlearningthathismotherwasoutofdanger.
4.Theboatis(weighed,weighted)withoverloading.
5.Referencebooksandperiodicalsmaynotbe(moved,removed)fromthereading–room.
6.Thepianist’sfingersdarted(easily,effortlessly)overthekeys.
7.Bobhasshownamazing(persistence,perseverance)intryingtopersuademetogocampingwithhimintherainforest.
8.Thetraitorwaseternally(tormented,disturbed)byfeelingsofguilt.
A.ExplaintheunderlinedwordsinEnglish:
1….Whenitwastimefortheroutineofswimmingandsunbathing..
2.Shewasdeterminedtobeneitherpossessivenorlackingindevotion.
3….awarmseawhereirregularcoldcurrentsfromthedeepwatershockedhislimbs.
1.Heswambacktoshore,relievedatbeingsureshewasthere..
2.TheEnglishboy…andkepthisdistanceatastone’sthrow.
3.Tobewiththem,ofthem,wasacravingthatfilledhiswholebody.
4.Hefelthewasaccepted…
5.Hesawthemnosetowardseachother,poisemotionless.
KeyE
1.fixedandregularway
2.dominant;deepstronglove
3.unusual
4.Hesethismindatrestwhenheknewforsurethathismotherwasthere.
5.veryclose
6.hisgreatestwish
7.regardedasonememberofthembybigboys.
8.move
B.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:
杰里对日光浴和游泳已经感到厌倦。他想潜入海底去看看，想同其他孩子一起玩。但是，他又觉得他不应撇下他寡居的母亲。母亲对儿子也是体贴入微，既想让他呆在比较安全的海滩，身边有她照应，又惟恐儿子感到母亲想把他留在身边，对儿子有占有欲。儿子已经11岁了，她应该给他自由，让他去他喜欢的地方。没有她，他也能自己照应自己。当杰里游到远处时，他不断回头来看，看他母亲是否还在沙滩上。
KeyF
Jerrywastiredofswimmingandsunbathing.Hewantedtoswimdowntothebottomoftheseatoseewhatitwaslikethereandplaywithotherboys.Buthefeltheshouldnotleavehiswidowedmotheralone.Hismotherwasalsoconsiderateofhim.shehopedJerrytostayonthesafebeachwithhercareathisside.Butshewasafraidthathersonfeltthatshetriedtokeephimcloseandshewaspossessive.Hersonwaselevenyearsold.Sheshouldgivehimfreedom,andlethimgowhereverhelikestogo.Hecouldtakecareofhimselfwithouther.WhenJerryswamfar,hekeptlookingbacktoseewhetherhismotherwasstillonthebeach.
C.Writeashortpassageof150-200wordsinEnglishonthetopic“Jerry‘sUnderwaterExperience“Youshouldcoverthefollowingpoints:
1.Whathesawunderwater;
2.Whathedidunderwater;
3.howhetriedtogetthroughthetunnel;
4.howhepracticedtocontrolhisbreathing.
KeyG.
“Jerry’sunderwaterexperience“
Underthewater,Jerrysawinnumerabletinyfishandtwohugefishaswell.onthefloorofwhitesand,hesawthegreatrockthebigboyshadswumthrough.Againandagain,hegropedoverthesurfaceoftherock,feelingit,almosthuggingitinthedesperateneedtofindtheentrance.Finally,hefoundthehole.Itwasanirregulardarkgap,buthecouldnotseedeepintoit.Clingingwithhandstotheedgeofthehole,hetriedtopushhimselfin.
Hecouldonlymanagetomovehishead,shouldersandwaistin.Thedarkfrondmovingintheholefrightenedhim.Heretreatedtotheshore.Heknewhemustfindhiswaythroughthetunnelandouttheotherside.
Onthefollowingdays,hebegantolearntocontrolhisbreathing.Hespentseveralhoursunderwater,learningtoholdhisbreath.onthefirstday,hecouldstayunderthewateruntilhecounted52.Afteraday’srest,heimprovedhiscountbyten.Besidesexercisinghislungs,hestudiedtheentrancetothetunnel.Hekneweveryjutandcornerofit.Inshort,Jerrydideverything,hecoulddotoprepareforthejourneythroughthe
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