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作者：扬大商院… 文章来源：本站原创 点击数：6678 更新时间：2009-10-15 名词考点分析
【常考要点】
名词是表示人或事物名称的词。纵观各地中考英语试题，对名词的考查重点在于：
1、名词的各种分类，单、复数的用法及单数名词变复数名词的方式。
2、不可数名词数量的表达法。
3、名词所有格及其用法
4、名词作主语时的主谓一致。
5、语境中名词的选择。根据语境确定名词的词义，再根据句法进一步确定词形。
【解题技巧】
考查名词的常见题型有单项选择、词形转换、单词拼写、用单词的适当形式填空和英汉互译等。做这类题时，必须首先认真理解全句的意思，先根据语境搞清词义，即确定用哪个词，再确定词形如单、复数、所有格等。
【真题例解】
1. Half of the class_____most of the work. Some of the work_____really
difficult. （2004 镇江）
A. have done, is B. has done, are C. has done, is D. have done, are
解析：集体名词作主语时，如果强调整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果强调组成集体的成员，谓语动词用复数；不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。这里前面的集体名词class强调其中的成员，后面的work是不可数名词。答案：A
2.If our school team wins the last two ____（比赛)，we will be the top.
(2005 南京)
解析：这是一个单词拼写题。要求根据汉语写单词。“比赛”英语单词是match或game，是可数名词。根据题意，“最后两场比赛”中“比赛”应用复数，可表示为the last two matches或the last two games。答案：matches/games
3.－Are there any ______ on the farm? (2004 吉林)
－Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
解析：由“Are there …”及“Yes, there are some”可知，主语应为复数。而A、B、C三项均为单数，D项sheep的单复数同形。答案：D。
4.These Germans want to have some ______ for supper, so they decide to catch
_____now.
A.fish, many B.fishes, much C.fish, much D.fishes, many（2003 重庆）
解析：fish表示“菜肴”（鱼肉）时是不可数名词，如fried fish（炸鱼）；表示“条数”时单复数同形，如two fish（两条鱼）；指个别的鱼或种类时用fishes，如There are plenty of fish/many kinds of fish(es) around the island.那个岛屿的周围有很多鱼/有很多种鱼。答案：A
5.I’ve read ______ sports news about the F1 race today. (2005 上海)
A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of
解析：news（新闻，消息）是不可数名词。不可数名词的确切数量可借助单位词组来表示，如a piece of，a cup of ，two glasses of，three bottles of，etc.
答案：D
6. ―What would you like to drink, girls? （2003 黄冈）
― _______,please.
A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees
C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cup of coffees
解析：coffee（咖啡）是不可数名词。可用“数词或冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”这样的结构来表示它的数量。量词（piece, bottle, glass, pair, cup等）是可数名词，可根据情况用单数或复数，但of后面的名词只能用单数。答案：C。
【巩固操练】
I. 选择填空。
（ ）1.Mum,I’m thirsty. Will you please give me some ______ ?
A. pencils B. cake C. water D. books
（ ）2.―Would you like ______ ?
―Thank you,but I’m not thirsty.
A.any sandwiches B.some bread C.any mooncakes D.some orange
（ ）3.I’m thirsty.I think I’ll buy some _______.
A.water B.bread C.cakes Deggs.
（ ）4.―Will you please make ______ for the woman with a baby?
―Sure.Take my seat,please.
A.rooms B.the rooms C.a room D.some room
（ ）5.We have bought two ________ for the coming party.
A.box of apple B.boxes of apples
C.box of apples D.boxes of apple
（ ）6.―Can I help you?
―I’d like for my twin daughters.
A.two pair of shoes B.two pairs of shoe
C.two pair of shoe D.two pairs of shoes
（ ）7.Jenny’s shoes were worn out.She wanted to buy a new _______ .
A.shoe B.shoes C.one D.pair
（ ）8.It is over from Shijiazhuang to Beijing.
A.three hours’ drive B. three hour’s drive
C.three hours’ drives D.three hours drive
（ ）9.______team in No. 4 Middle School used to help______with their
training.
A.Boys’,the girls B.Boy’s,the girl
C.The boys’,the girls D.The boy’s,the girl
（ ）10.Liu Xiang,21,is an Olympic winner in the _______-hurdles（跨
栏）.We’re proud of him.
A.110-metre B.110-metres C.110 metre
（ ）11.－How many________do you want?
－A kilo,please.
A.potato B.bananas C.bread D.milk
（ ）12.The guide has_________.She will show them to us.
A.some old paper B.some special food
C.a new jacket D.some beautiful pictures
（ ）13.There are few_______in the fridge.Let’s go and buy some
pears,carrots and cabbages.
A.meat B.fruit C.vegetables D.bread
（ ）14.－What class are you in,Mike?
－I’m in ________ .
A.Grade Three,Class Two B.Class Two,Grade Three
C.class two,grade three D.grade three,class two
（ ）15.Please keep quiet.If you make a lot of_______,you may disturb
others.
A.voice B.noise C.sound D.singing
II. 根据句意句意、英文释义和首字母提示，写出各单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
16.Many foreigners enjoy Chinese m_____（round cakes）on Mid-autumn Day.
17.It takes us thirty m_____to read English or Chinese in the morning.
18.The poor people who received money from Bill Gates thanked him for
his g______.
19.Ms Zhao works in our school library.She is one of the most
popular_____.
20.I don’t know his a_____in Beijing,so I can’t write to him.
III.根据所给句子的汉语提示，写出符合句意和语法的单词。
21.Science is one of my favorite ____（科目）.What about you?
22. Max is one of the ____（成员）of the Swedish rock bank,Yesterday.
23.You can see a lot of ____（风景）along the seaside in Qingdao.
24.Dalian is one of the most beautiful _____（城市）in our country.
25.The engineer spoke highly of the ____（专家的）invention.He told us it
had taken them two years to invent it.
Ⅲ.句型转换。
26.It’s a nice watch.（改为复数形式）
________ nice ______ .
27.Those are knives.（改为单数形式））
_________________________.
28.Tina is a friend of my brother’s.（改为同义句）
Tina is my______________.
29.What are your teachers called? （改为同义句）
What____________________ names?
30.I met one of my friends outside the school. （改为同义句）
I met a ________________outside the school.
参考答案
1－5 CDADB 6－10 DDACA 11－15 BDCBB
16.mooncakes17.minutes18.generosity/generosities19.librarians20.address
(以下答案略)
中考考点There be 句型
中考英语考点：时态
中考英语考点：代词
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