Gravitationalandinertialforcescausetheequivalent
AuthorWuXingGuang（吴兴广中国）
Gravitationalandinertialforceshaveanycontact?Whythetwoequivalent?Howtounderstandtheprincipleofequivalence?PrincipleofRelativitydescribestheexplanation?MovementrelativemotiondifferencedescribedtheprincipleofrelativityWhatistherelationship?Classicalvelocitycompositionlawinvolveswhatideas?Newton''slawsofmotioninnon-inertialreferenceframeisestablished?Theabsoluteandrelativemovementsayit?Spaceisshrinking?Ortogetherwiththereferencesystemmoving?Uniformpassageoftimeitis?Timehasitsownformulaforyou?
Readthehistoryofphysics,Newton''sabsolutespaceandcriticalMach
燤aterials:Inordertoprovethat"abesolutemovement"exists,Newtoncitedtheexampleofbucketrotation.Hewrote①:1]"Ifyouusealongropehangingabucketandletitrotatetotightentherope,andtheninjectedintothewater,thewaterandbucketsarebeingtemporarilyatrest.Thensuddenlythebarrelofanotherforceintheoppositedirectionrotation,whentheropeisfullyrelaxed,thebucketmovementwillremainforsometime;thewater''ssurfaceisinitiallyflat,andthesamedrumstartsrotating.butlater,whenthemovementtothewaterbarrelgradually,thewaterbeganrevolution.ThusYoucanseethewaterawayfromthecenterandgraduallyrisetoformaconcaveshapealongthetankwall(Ihaddonethistest).movingfaster,thehigherthewaterroseuntiltheend,thespeedofthewaterwithbucketsconsistentsurfacethatwasrelativelyStillWaterelevatedtendencytoshowitofftheshaft,butalsoshowsthewaterisrealandabsolutecircularmotionandthismotionisknowableandcanbemeasuredfromthistendency,withtherelativemovementoftheopposite.
2]Inthebeginning,therelativemovementofwaterinthebucketmost,buttendsnottoleavetheshaft;waterneitherbiasededge,norrise,butremainsflat,soit''snotreallybegincircularmotion.Butthen,therelativemotionisreduced,theedgeofthewater,buttendstoprovethatithasatendencytoleavetheshaft.Thistendencyindicatesatruecircularmovementofwaterinincreasinguntilitreachesthemaximum,thenthewaterinthebucketrelativetostationary.Therefore,thistendencydoesnotdependonthewaterwithrespecttothesurroundingobjects,anymovement,suchmovementcannotdefinetheactualcircularmotion."Thisisthefamous"bucketexperiment."
Analysis:
Newtonsaidinabucketexperiment"absolutemotion"referstowhat?Whatistherelativemotionsaying?Newtonputitasabsolutemotion?Whatasarelativemotion?
Intheexperiment,themainobserverbucket,waterbucketthree.So,therewillbetwosuchcases:oneobserverasareferencesystem,observethemovementofthebucketandwater;2,withabucketasareferencesystemthatdescribesthemovementofwater.
Wholebucketexperimentcanbedividedintothefollowingstages:a,startinjectingwaterintothewaterwithbucketsarebeingtemporarilyatrest;b,withanotherforcesuddenlyrotatethedrumintheoppositedirection,thenthebarrelrotation,waternorotation;c,barrelrotation,graduallymovingtothewatertub,thewateristorotate.Atthispointthewaterbucketspeedslowerthanthespeed;d,therotationalspeedofthewaterwithbucketsconsistentwithabucketofwaterisrelativelystatic.e,whentheropeiscompletelyrelaxed,sportbucketwillremainforsometime.
Itseemstotheobserverasareferencesystem,inastage,withbucketsofwatertemporarilyatrestamong;atthebphase,barrelrotation,waterdoesnotrotate;inthecphase,barrelrotation,thewaterbegantorotate;atdphase,Watersamespeedofthedrum,rotatingtogether.Newtonbelievedthatfromthewaterbeginstorotateinacircularmotion,towaterandwaterspeedconsistentwiththebarrelrotates,thewaterinacircularmotion,circularmotionofwateristheabsolutemotion,absolutecircularmotion.Becausethewaterseemstotheobserverinmotionindeed.SoNewtonputcdphasewatermovementseenasabsolutemotion.Thisisrelativetotheobserversaid.
Itseemstobucket-bitreferencesystem,aphaseofwaterandbucketsarebeingtemporarilyatrest,itseemsinabucketofwaterisstationary;bstagebarrelrotation,waterdoesnotrotate.Appearsinabucketofwaterinmotion,andthedirectionoppositetotherotationalmovementofthebucket.Withtheobserver''spointofviewisthatthereisnomovementofwater,abucketofwaterintherotationisthereasonthatbecausethebucketisinmotion,whilethebucketgetshimselfasareferencesystemthemselvesasstationary,abucketofwatermovementbetweenthepoor,passedtoawaterbody.{Whoeverasareferencesystem,themovementofdifferencebetweentwoobjectsremainunchanged.Rotate}Atthispointthewaterisalwaysflat.
cphase,rotatingdrum,thewateristorotate,thenthebucket[]appearsasaframeofreferencerotatingwater.Atthispointthewaterisnolongeraplaneofrotation,thewaterbeginstorise.dphase,thespeedofthewaterwithbucketsconsistentwithrotation.Itseemsinabucketofwaterisstationary.
bphaseappearsinabucketofwaterinmotion,Newtonmayberegardedasthewatermovementatthistimeisarelativemovement.dofage,consistentwiththerotationalspeedofthebarrelofwater,wateristhemovementoftheviewerappears,appearsinabucketofwaterisnotmoving,thewaterbucketisrelativelystatic.
ThereforeNewtonsaid,"inthebeginning,therelativemovementofthebucketofwatermaximum,butnotthetendencytoleavetheshaft;'',thebucketofwaterinthebucketrelativemovement,thewaterappearstobeacircularmovement,thistimeinacircularmotionnotreallycircularmotionisrelativemotion.Atthispoint,''theedgeofthewaterisneitherbiasnorincreased,butremainsflat,''itinacircularmotionsoNewtonhasnotreallybegun.SoNewtonsaid,''Later,relativemotiondecreases,theedgeofthewater,buttendstoprovethatithasatendencytoleavetheshaft.Showthatitisoutofthewaterincreasesthetendencyoftheshaftandalsoshowsthetruewaterandabsolutecircularmotion.''Water,waterisdisplayedelevatedcircularmotion,thecircularmotionofthewatercanrisethroughthewatertodetermine.Newtonputwaterinacircularmotionatthistimeiscalledabsolutecircularmotion.Andtherelativemovement,thatbphaserotatingbarrel,waterisnotrotated.Appearsinabucketofwaterinmotion,thewaterinacircularmotion,thencircularmotionofthewaterandnowaterrises,thewatercannotbejudgedthatthewaterrisestoacircularmotion.SothistimethewaterwasdoingNewtonsaidrelativemovementrelativecircularmotion.
Material1]Itshouldbesaidthattheabsolutemotiontotheobserverasareferencesystemtodescribethewatermovement,thistimeasanobserverofreferencetodescribethewatermovementseenasabsolutemotion.1]isaperspectiveoftheobserverdescribedsomeexperimentsthewholeprocessbucket.Atthispoint,wecandeterminewhetherthewaterthewaterrisesinacircularmotion.Materials2]Itshouldbesaidthattherelativemovementofthebucketasareferencesystemtodescribethemovementofwater.Bucketasareferencepointtodescribethemovementofwatersystemseenasrelativemotion.2]basedinpartonthebucketbucketexperimentdescribedinthecontextofthewholeprocess.Atthispointwecannotdeterminewhetherthewaterthewaterrisesinacircularmotion.Becausewaterisaplanewhen,inabucketofwaterisacircularmotionappears.Therefore,whetherthewaterrisesasthewaterisnotastandardcircularmotion.Soitseemsinabucketasareferencesystem,cannotbeelevatedtodeterminewhetherthewaterwhetherthewaterinacircularmotion.Becausethewaterrisesonlyshowstheedgeofthewaterhasatendencytotrend,cannotexplainthewaterinacircularmotion.Because[in]abucketofwatertomakereferencesystemseemscircularmotionwhenthereisnotendencytotheedgeofthetrendintherelativemotionofabucketofwaterdecreaseswithtime,orthemovementofwaterinabucketseemsreduced,thewaterhasthetrendoftheedgeorientation.Sothewateredgeoftrendsandtendencieswhetherthewaterinacircularmotionhasnothingtodo,thisisabucketasareferencesystemconcluded,bucketsofwaterasareferencesystemdescribedinbucketsandwatermovementisrelativemotion,orso-calledrelativemotion.Therefore,Newtonsaidinrelativemotion,thewateredgetrendstendtosay[or]thetendencyofwatertoleavetheshaftcannotexplainthewaterinacircularmotion.Theedgeofthewatertendtotrendorthatthewaterleavestheshaft[tendency]
Circularmotionwithwaterdonotdonothing,todowithwhatkindofwatersporthasnothingtodo.Orientationfromtheedgeofthewaterandthereforecannotjudgewhetherthewaterisatrendtomakeacircularmotion,thetrendofwatercannottendtodefinetheedgeofthecircularmotion.Sothatonlythematerial2]Newtonsaidthatlastsentence,''So,thistendencydoesnotdependonthewaterwithrespecttoanymovementofthesurroundingobjects,suchmovescannotdefinetheactualcircularmotion.''.
Weknowabsolutelystationaryobjectdoesnotexist,assumingthatthereisabsolutelystationaryobjects,thenwesaythattheabsolutemotionisequivalenttotheabsoluterestframesay.Absolutelystationaryspaceisdescribedbyabsolutespace.Equivalenttotheabsoluterestframeoftheobjectmovementisthemovementofobjectsinabsolutespace.Absolutespaceisdescribedbyanabsoluterestframespace.
Stationaryobjectrelativetotheabsolutemotionoftheobjectisstationaryandtheabsolutemotionoftheconceptofdifferentialmotiondifference{see"movementawarenesscampaignspoor"},''stationaryobjectandtheabsolutedifferencebetweenthemovement''oftheobjectasitseemsistheabsolutereferencesystemstationaryexercise;relativelystationaryobjectwithrespecttothemovementoftheobjectisstationaryrelativemovementdifference.Stationaryobjectandtherelativemovementofdifference''intheobjectappearsasaframeofreferencethatisstationaryrelativetothemovement.Fromthispointofviewtheobjectwithwhichthedifferencebetweenthemovementoftheobjectisstationaryorrelativelystaticabsolutenothingtodowiththemovementofobjectsindependentofthestate.
Aspaceisthere,thisisnoobjection.2,wearethroughanobjectasareferencesystemtodescribethemovementofobjects,anddescribeobjectsinspacemovement.Soweconcludethatoursystemisdescribedbyreferencetothespace.Absolutewhenthestationaryobjectsuch,noabsolutetimestationaryobjectsaswell.3,whenthespatialreferencesystemdescribed,asthespatialreferencesystemaredescribedstationarypoint,orthatthereferenceframeofreferenceisalwaysdescribedwithspaceisstationary.Thereasonwethinkthereisabsolutelystationary,itisbecausethereisabsolutespace,absoluterestframeisabsolutelystill,orthatabsoluterestsystemisspatiallystationarypoint,absoluterestframeandspaceisstationary.Infactregardlessofwhetherabsoluterestreferencesystem,thespatialreferencesystemdescribedwithreferencesystemarestationary.Describethemovementofobjectsinspaceareunique.Sothereisnoabsoluterestframearethesame[1,becausethereferencesystemandthereferencesystemspaceisstatic,twoobjectsinmotionseemsabsoluterestframeismoving,thatmovementispoorandisnotabsolutelystationaryreferenceframeDepartmentofnothing.Motiondifferencebetweentwoobjectsthatpoorstateofmotion,usuallywesaythatthestateofmotionofanobject.】
Spatialreferencesystemisdescribed.Spatialreferencesystemisdescribedbydescribingthemotion.Spaceandisalwaysstationaryreferencesystem,independentofthemovementandthereferencesystem,thereferencesystemindependentofwhetherthemovementischanged.Suchspatialreferencesystem,itisequivalenttoaconstant,thatwillnotshrink,spaceandreferencesystemismovingtogether,thatspacemotionsaid.
Absolutemotionwithadescriptionofthedifferencebetweenabsolutemotion
Connectedtothetext"readthehistoryofphysics,Newton''sabsolutespaceandMach''scriticism."
Usuallywethinkitisabsolutelystationarydoesnotexist,Ithinkso,butwethinkitisabsolutelystationarysystemdoesnotexist,thereforeabsolutemotiondoesnotexist.Idonotagreewiththisview.Hereweabsolutelystationarywithrespecttothemovementknownasabsolutemotion,absoluterestframedoesnotexist,sotheabsolutemotiondoesnotexist.
Whatistheabsolutemotion?
Sometimeswesay''absolutemotiondoesnotexist,onlyrelativemotionmakessense.'',Thenthissentencehowtounderstandit?
Weknowabsolutelystationaryobjectdoesnotexist,thenthereisabsolutelystationaryobjecttowhat?Absolutelystationaryobjectdoesnotexistsuggestthatallobjectsaremoving.Objectsexistinspace,allobjectsinspacemotion,somovementisabsolute.Theso-calledmovementisabsolute,thatistheabsolutemotionoftheobject.
Whatistherelativemotion?
Objectmovementisabsolute,butthedescriptionofourmovementisrelative.Allobjectsaremoving,themotionisdescribedbyourbyanotherobjectisdescribedasareferencesystem.Suchmovementoftheobjectbecomestheobjectandthereferenceframemotiondifference.{Motiondifferencereferstothestateofmotiondifferencebetweenobjects.Forexampletwoobjectsinuniformmotion,motiondifferenceisthespeeddifference.Usuallyreferstothesportdifferentialspeeddifference.Perhapsthetwovariablemotionaccelerationdifferenceissportdifferential.Pooruseofexercisediscretionintheconcept.Differencebetweenthetwoobjectsmoving}becomesthestateofmotionofanobject.Therefore,theobjectoftheexerciseisabsolute,butwearedefinitelymovingdescriptionisrelative.
Becauseabsoluterestdoesnotexist,sothemovementisabsolute,allmotionisabsolutemotion;Becauseabsoluterestdoesnotexist,sotheabsolutemotionofthedescriptiondoesnotexist;Becauseabsoluterestdoesnotexist,sotheabsolutemotionisdescribedbyanobjectmovingthroughanothertoachieve,sothedescriptionofabsolutemotionisrelative.Thisrequirestheidentificationof''absolutemotion''and''absolutemotionofthedescription''ofthesetwoconcepts.
2013-8-89:46:59WuXingGuang
RelativemotionandNewton''slawsofmotioninertialandnon-inertialreferenceframe{division}
Ourabsolutemotion{}afterorsimplythedescriptionoftherelativemovement,orthatwedescribemotionofanobjectbyanotherobjectasastandard,theobjectismovingrelativetotheobjectandthereferenceframemotion.Objectandtherelativemotionofreference,thereferencelineisthemotionoftheobjectappears.
Newton''slawsofmotionwesetupcalledtheinertialreferencesystem.Newton''slawsofmotionisnotestablishedcallednon-inertialreferenceframe.Whyonlyapproximateinertial?Inthenon-NewtonianinertialWhynotsetup?Inertialandnon-inertialWhatisthestandarddivision?WeNewton''slawsofmotionorthatthescopeofinertialandnon-inertialreferenceframeforthedivisionthereisnothingwrong?
Inthe"absolutemotionandabsolutemotionofthedescriptionofthedifferencebetween"absoluterest,wesaythereisnodescriptionoftheobjectisinmotionallobjects;allobjectsinmotiondescribedmovementisabsolute.Objectmovementisabsolute,butthedescriptionofourmovementisrelative.Sowhyisthedescriptionforthemovementisrelative?Becausethereisnoabsoluterest.AbsolutelystationaryobjectdoesnotexistNotemovementisabsolute,butalsoillustrateabsolutemotioncannotbedescribed.Why?Sinceabsolutemotioncanonlysayforabsoluterest,evenifitisabsolutelyuniformlinearmotionsystemdoesnotwork.Onlytheexistenceofabsoluterest,inordertodescribetheabsolutemotion.Sincethereisnoabsoluterest,thenwecanonlydescribetheabsolutemotionoftheobjectthroughanotherabsolutemotiontodescribethisabsolutemotionbecomesmotiondifferencebetweentwoobjects.Weusuallyputtwoobjectsasasportdifferentialmotionofanobject,suchdescriptionisactuallyoutoftheabsolutemotionrelativemotion.Sothemovementisabsolute,forthedescriptionofmotionisrelative.
Sowhatisthelawabsolutemotionaccordit?Thispoint,Newtonwouldhavegiventheanswer,thatNewton''sthreelawsofmotion.
1}absolutemotionisrelativetotheabsoluterestsaid,allobjectshaveinertia,alltheobjectsalwaysremainuniformlinearmotionorrest,untiltheexternalforceittochangethisstate.Orsimplysaystillremainsstationaryexercisetomaintainmovement.Thenallobjectswhennotsubjecttoexternalforcesarestatic,absoluterest.Byexternalforceswhentheforceoftheobjectinmotion,resultinginacceleration.AccelerationandpowerrelationsconformstoNewton''ssecondlaw.Externalforcedisappears,theobjectatthistimebecauseoftheinertiatomaintainthespeedorrateofuniformlinearmotionsays.Whenanobjectbyforce,willproducereactionforcesthatforceistheinteractionbetweenobjects.
2}Becauseallobjectsaresubjecttoexternalforces,thentheobjectwouldremainstationarystatemaynotexist,thatis,absolutestilldoesnotexist,thentheobject''smotionmaybesuppliedtotheothermovingobjectdescription,describethemotionoftheobjectisnotmovement,butthemotiondifference,arelativemovement.Althoughthemovementisabsolute,butthedescriptionisindeedrelativemovementofobjectsthatmaybetheoriginalbecomesthestationaryreferenceframe,itbecomesthereferencesystemistheuniformlinearmotion.Atthistimeofrestoruniformmotionalsohasareferencesystemremainatrestoruniformmotionunchangingnature.Andhere''stherestoruniformmotionisrelative,isnotnecessarilytosayNewton''sfirstlawofrestoruniformrectilinearmotion,becausewedonotknowthereferencesystemstateofmotion.Referencesystemitselfmaybebyforce,variablemotion.Hereobjectsremainatrestoruniformmotionmaybebecausetheobjectandthereferencesystemwiththesameacceleration.{Iftheforceactingonabodysustained,thentheaccelerationremainsunchanged.Ifthepowersuddenlydisappears,thentheaccelerationalsodisappeared.Sotheforceofnaturehaskeptaconstantacceleration.Constantaccelerationofmotionchangeofstateisthesamespeed,thatis,thedegreeofmotionchangeofstateunchanged.Sotheforcehastokeep''motiontochangethedegree''unchangingnature.Seethe"equivalenceprincipleofinterpretation"}forcehastokeep''degreeofchangeinthestateofmotion''unchangingnature,atwhichpointitbecomesanobjectduetoinertiaandremainatrestoruniformmotion.Youcouldsaythattheforcewhentheinertiaoftheobjectstillexists,wecanchooseadifferentframeofreferencetoobserve.Andweconfusedtheforceitselfmaycallitinertialreferencesystemisoftensaidthattheapproximateinertialsystem.Forexampletheground,uniformmotionrelativetothegroundreferencesystem,suchasthesun.Wedorespectapproximateinertialspeedmovingobjectsasnon-inertialreferencesystem.
Whyinthenon-inertialreferenceframedoesnotholdNewton''slawsofmotion?Whyallthereferencesystemareequal?Whyallthroughtheprincipleofequivalenceofreferencecanbeconsideredtobeequal?
First,lookataninertialsystemsuchastheground,andauniformlinearmotionrelativetotheinertialframeinertialsystemsuchasuniformmotionofthetrain,thenthegroundreferencesystemestablishedNewton''slawsofmotion,uniformmotionofthetraininrelationtotheestablishmentdo?Itisnot.Forexample,thegroundreferenceframestationaryobjectinuniformmotionofthetrainseemsthatuniformlinearmotion.So,astationaryobjectinmotionsowill?Infact,thisisstillinanon-inertialreferenceframeinertial,noforceisgeneratedbytheaccelerationisthesamereason.
Inthe"generalprincipleofrelativityuniqueperspective"Speakingof(non-inertial)accelerationlinestherearetwosportsphenomenon:aclasssystemwithacceleratedphasestationaryormovingobjectsuniformlinearmotionphenomena;aclass,withaccelerationlinesunaffecteduniformlinearmotionforcetodooruniformmotionrelativetostationaryobjectsphenomenon(thatis,byforceofinertiamotionofanobjectphenomenon).Uniformrectilinearmotionoftheshipalsohastwophenomena:oneistheprincipleofrelativitydescribesthephenomenon;Oneistheshiprightfromstationaryuniformlinearmotion,theballstilllefttodobytheuniformlinearmotion.Inthe"generalprincipleofrelativitytheoryderivation"Wesaidinthestationarysystemandtheaccelerationsystem,theestablishmentofaNewton''slawsofmotion,Newton''slawsofmotiononedoesnotholduphere,anddoesnotholdthesameobjectarealsodifferentdescriptionofthestateofmotion.Intherestframeofthestationaryobjectacceleratesfrompowerlinesbecomesacceleratedmotion.Thisisdifferentfromthesamestateofmotiondescribed.
Infact,withtherelativemotion(ie,motionrelativemovementdifference)isexplainedbytherelativemotionbetweentheobjectreferenceframemotionstatedecision.Boththereferencesystemandtheobjectorforce,relativemotionwillchange.WhetherorobjectsofreferenceareinlinewithNewton''slawsofmotion.Seethe"inertialforceandNewton''sthirdlawofcontradictionresolvedtomeetpoint."
Equivalenceprinciple,thegravitationalaccelerationofanuncontrolledsystemwithaninertialsystemgravitatingequivalentbecausetwoobjectsortherelativemotionbetweensaidobjectisdeterminedbyreferencetoboththesystemandthestateofmotionoftheobjectdetermined.Whethertheobjectstotheaccelerationforcegeneratingtheforceorthereferencelineisequivalenttotwotoproduceanacceleration.Relativemotionorthatthemotionandforcechangeonthepoor.Forceisthechangeinstateofmotioncausesthemotiondifferenceoftwoobjectsischanged,willbeoneoftheforcesactingontheobject.
Newton''sfirstlawofmotionsaysthatanobject,anobject''smotion.Referencesystemisnotmoving,notincludingthereferencesystemmoving.
Newton''sfirstlawinthestateofrestoruniformmotionsaysthestateisnotsubjecttoexternalforce,thatistheabsolutemotion,notarelativemovement.Andwearemovingthroughtheframeofreferenceforthedescriptionoftheobjectisrelativemotion.Becausethereferencesystemisnotstatic,referencesystemmaybeaffectedbyforce,describingthemovementofanobjectisnotmovingobject,andtheobjectisareferencesystemrelativemotion,movementispoor.
Theusualinertialreferencesystem,saidobjectsfromexternalforcesremainatrestoruniformmotionisrelativemotionwithreferencetotheDepartmentofState.Remainstationaryreferenceframeisstationary,uniformmotionismaintainedwiththereferencesystemofuniformlinearmotion.Andregardlessofthestateofmotionofreference.Forexample,thegroundisinmotion,butdoinertialsystem;suchasthesunisinmotion,butdodescribeinertialrevolutionplanetsinthesolarsystem,becausetheso-calledrestoruniformmotionisthereferencesystemandtherelativemotionofobjects.Theobjectandthereferencesystemisrelativelyunaffectedbyforce.Usuallynon-inertialreferencesystem,inertialsaidshiftingmeansmovingobjects.
Objecthasinertia,inertiaforceandtheobjectisnotaffectedregardlessoftheobjectbyforce,inertiastillexists.Inertialforcewhenanobjectcanbeoffsetbychoosingreferencesystem,whichappearsinthereferencesystem,theobjectwithouthavingtoremainstationarywhentheexternalforceoruniformmotioninnature.
Usuallysaythattheinertialsystem,theobjectisrelativetotheinertialsystemwithoutoutsidesay,objectsatrestoruniformmotionisrelativetotheinertialsay.Evenifanobjectvariablemotioncanalsobeusedasinertial.Webelievethatfreefallisinertialsystemisso.Freefallsystemitselfisvariablemotion,buttheotherlineswiththesameobjectandtheaccelerationoffreefall,soinfreefallsystemview,otherobjectswithoutoutsidewhenthebodyremainsatrestoruniformmotion.Infact,onlyapproximateinertial,nowdividedinertialandnon-inertialsystemsareinlinewithNewton''slawsofmotion.Inertialandnon-inertialreferenceframeisdescribedrelativemotion.Usuallythefirsttofindordeterminetheinertialframe,andthentofindanon-inertialreferenceframe.
References:a"generalprincipleofrelativityUniquePerspective"2"Inertiaandstateofinertia."
Absolutespaceandrelativespace
Classicalmechanicsthatspacemeasureisabsolute,andthereferencesystemindependent.
Wedonotthinkso.
Wearethroughanobjectasareferencesystemtodescribethemovementofobjects,anddescribeobjectsinspacemovement.Soweconcludethatoursystemisdescribedbyreferencetothespace.
Whendescribingspatialreferencesystem,asaspatialreferencesystemisdescribedstationarypoint,orthatthereferenceframeofreferenceisalwaysdescribedwithspaceisstationary.Thereasonwethinkthereisabsolutelystationary,itisbecausethereisabsolutespace,absoluterestframeisabsolutelystill,orthatabsoluterestsystemisspatiallystationarypoint,absoluterestframeandspaceisstationary.Infactregardlessofwhetherabsoluterestreferencesystem,thespatialreferencesystemdescribedwithreferencesystemarestationary.
Becauseabsoluterestdoesnotexist,sothemovementisabsolute,allmotionisabsolutemotion;Becauseabsoluterestdoesnotexist,sotheabsolutemotionofthedescriptiondoesnotexist;Becauseabsoluterestdoesnotexist,sotheabsolutemotionisdescribedbyanobjectmovingthroughanothertoachieve,sothedescriptionofabsolutemotionisrelative.
Whatistheabsolutespace?Whatistherelativespace?Thereisroomfortheobjectexistinginthespace,movinginspace.Weusuallysaythatspaceisabsolutespace.Howtodescribetheabsolutespace?Iftheabsolutestationaryobjectexists,thentheabsolutemotionofstationaryobjectsthatdescribetheabsolutemotion,absolutestationaryobjectspaceisdescribedbyabsolutespace.Absolutelystationaryobjectdoesnotexist,sowecannotdescribetheabsolutespace.Heretodistinguishbetweenabsolutespaceandabsolutespacedescriptionofthetwoconcepts.Absolutespaceisthere,butcannotdescribetheabsolutespace.Like,absolutemotionisthere,buttheabsolutemotioncannotdescribe.Absolutemotiononlythroughanothertodescribethemovementofobjects,namelyrelativedescriptors.Absolutemotionisthere,thedescriptionofabsolutemotionisrelative.Absolutespaceexists,buttheabsolutestaticobjectinspacedoesnotexist,itcannotdescribetheabsolutespace,onlythemovementofobjectsinthespatialdescriptionofabsolutespace.Describesaspacetermedtherelativespace.
Absolutelystationaryobjectdoesnotexist,soselectanyobjectusedasreferencesystemtodescribethemovementofobjectsareobjectswiththereferencesystemrelativemotion,nottheobjectsthemselvessport.Objectstheirmovement,onlyaboutthemselvesandotherobjectsareunrelated;relativemotionofobjects,themotionoftheobject,andthemovementofthereferencesystem,themovementoftheobjectandthereferenceframedifference.Selectanyobjectusedasreferencesystem,describingthespatialreferencesystemisstationaryandspace.Referencesystemandspacearemutuallystationary.Thespacecanbesaidtodescribetherelativespace.
Relativemotionwiththedefinitionofabsolutemotion
Allthemovementsarerelativetosomeobjectintermsof.Whyistheobjectrelativetoanotherobjectcalledarelativemovementofthemotion?Becauseoftheobjectasareferencesystemisinmotion,allobjectsareinmotion.Suchmovementofanobjectisthemovementoftheobjectandthereferencesystemispoor,socalledrelativemotion.Whydoyouthinkalloftheobjectsaremoving?Becausetheabsolutestationaryobjectdoesnotexist,soallobjectsinmotion.
Wesay''allobjectsinmotion''isarelativewhosaidthat?Isrelativetotheabsoluterestsaid,istosaywithrespecttoabsolutespace.Absoluterestisabsolutespacespacedescribed.
Whatistheabsolutemotion?Absolutemotionreferstothemovementofmovingjusttheobjectitself.Notthemotiondifferencewithotherobjects.Forabsolutemotionistosay?Forabsolutemotionisabsolutelyimmobileobjectsaid,istosayforabsoluterest.Absoluterestdoesnotexist,thentheabsolutemotionisnottosaythatdoesnotexist?Itisnot.Absoluterestdoesnotexist,preciselythatallobjectsaremoving.Alloftheobjectrelativetoabsoluterestisinmotion,themovementofallobjectsthatareabsolutemotion.Absolutelystilldoesnotexist,thatwecannotdescribetheabsolutemotion.Herewemustdistinguishbetween''absolutemotion''and''absolutemotionofthedescription''ofthesetwoconcepts.Seethe"absolutemotionandabsolutemotiondescriptiondistinction."
Sincethereisnoabsoluterest,wecanonlydescribeamovingobjectwithanotherobject''smotion.Suchmotionoftheobjectbecomestherelativemovementofthedescription.Soabsolutemotionisthere,butthedescriptionofabsolutemotionisrelative.
Relativeconceptsportdifferentialapplicationofelectromagneticphenomena
Keywords:relativemotion,electromagneticphenomena,electromagneticfields,poormovement,thespeedoflight,electrodynamics
Inmechanics,therelativemotionisthemotiondifferencebetweentwoobjects,regardlessofwhichsportdifferentialonthemovementofobjectschangesareequivalent.Sohowintheelectromagneticphenomena?
"OntheElectrodynamicsofMovingBodies"andsaidthatelectromagneticphenomena:''Imagineamagnetwithaconductoroftheinteractionbetweentheelectricpower.Here,thephenomenoncanbeobservedonlywithHughandguideabouttherelativemotionofthemagnet,butaccordingtotheusualview,thesetwoobjectsinto,whatisthisinmotion,orthatinmotion,butitisentirelydifferent.Ifthemagnetisinmotion,theconductorstationarywith,thentherewillbeamagnetneartheelectricfieldhasacertainenergy,itistheplacewherethevariouspartsoftheconductorproducesanelectriccurrent.However,ifthemagnetisstationary,andaconductorinmotion,thennoelectricfieldnearthemagnet,butthereisanelectromotiveforceintheconductor,thisforceitself,althoughnotequivalenttoenergy,butit-assumingtwocasesconsideredheretherelativemovementisequalto-butitwillcausethecurrent,thiscurrentdirectionsarethesamesizeandintheformercaseasthepowergenerated.''Itappearsthat,relativemotioninelectromagneticphenomenaproducedorthattheeffectisequivalenttothesame.Thatis,regardlessofthemovementofthemagneticfieldoraconductoraslongastherelativemotionofthemagneticfieldoftheconductor[]isthesameasthemotiondifference,asgeneratedbyelectromagneticinduction.
''Ifthemagnetismoving,theconductorstationary,thentherewillbeamagnetneartheelectricfieldhasacertainenergy,itisintheplacewherethevariouspartsoftheconductorproducesanelectriccurrent.''Medium''magnetnear''howtounderstand?Accordingtothereferencesystemisthespaceitselfasastationarypointdescriptionofspace[thatspacemotionthatdescribethespatialreferencesystemwithmutualstationaryreferencesystem],thenaccordingtothechangingmagneticfieldgeneratesanelectricfield,theconductorappearsthatthemagneticfieldisinmotion,magneticfieldisdescribedbyspatialmovementoftheconductor,theconductorisstationaryinspace,sothatwhenthemagneticfieldthroughaconductor,theconductorwillbethemovementoftheunitaroundthespatialmagneticfieldchangesduetochangesintheunitspacehasgeneratedmagneticfieldchangestheelectricfield.Inthevicinityofbothelectricandmagneticfieldsaroundtheconductor.Ifthemagneticfieldisgeneratedaroundtheotherconductorintoplacewiththemovementofthemagneticfield,themagneticfieldinthesameplacewiththemovementoftheconductorsarenotfeeltheelectricfieldandthemagneticfieldalongthemovingconductor,theelectricfielddoesnotexist.Why?Movingtogetherwiththemagneticfieldconductor,butthismovementisnotinthespacetotheconductorgeneratesachangingmagneticfield,electricfieldisnotgenerated.Atthistimetheconductorortheconductorisdescribedspacespace{}aremutuallystationaryconductor.
Wedescribethemotionofreferencetodescribethemovementofobjectsinspace,spatialreferencesystemwehaveistodescribe.Differentspatialreferencesystemdescribedwithreferencesystemaremutuallystationary.Sincemovementofreferencedifferentspatialreferencesystemcanbedescribedforeachmovement.Wedescribethespatialreferencesystemcalledtherelativespace.Usuallywesaythattheobjectexistsinthespaceintheabsolutespacemayrefer,wedescribethespaceisrelative.Why,becauseallofthereferencesystemareinmotion,thereisabsolutelystatic.Iftheabsolutestillexists,thenthespaceisabsolutelystationaryobjectdescriptionshouldtermedabsolutespace.Descriptionofthespacereferencesystemisdescribedinaspaceofreference.Herewehavetodistinguishbetweenspaceandspacedescriptionofthesetwoconcepts.
Allobjectsareinmotion,allobjectsinthespatialmovement,thereisroom,wherespacecanalsobecalledabsolutespace.
Absolutespaceisthere,butthedescriptionofourabsolutespaceisrelative.Objectsinabsolutespacemovement,but,whentheybecomeobjectsdescribedintherelativespacemovement.Relativespaceissaidwithrespecttothespatialreferencesystem,describethespatialreferencesystem.
Asearlyas16yearsofage(1895),theEinsteinbegantoponderthisquestion:"IfIhadtospeedc(thespeedoflightinvacuum)tofollowthemovementoflight,andIshallseesuchalightasifanoscillationintheairstalledwiththeelectromagneticfield.,butwhetheritisbasedonexperience,orinaccordancewiththeMaxwellequations,itappearsthattherewillnotbesuchathing."Later,Einsteinderivedconstancyprinciple,namelythespeedoflightinavacuumisnotchanged,independentofthemovementandtheobserver,thelightsourceindependentofthemovement.Accordingtotheconceptofrelativemotionthatobjectmovementisabsolute,butthedescriptionofthemovementisrelative,wedescribethemotionofanobjectisactuallythemovementofdifferencebetweenobjectsinsteadofasinglemovementofanobject,thenthespeedoflightinavacuumislightsportdifferentialwithvacuum.
Originallydifferencebetweenthelightandthemovementofthevacuumandthemovementhasnothingtodowiththeobserver,themovementhasnothingtodowiththelightsourceisunderstandable,butintheconstancyprinciple,wesay''thespeedoflightinavacuum''hasnothingtodowiththemovementoftheobserver,independentofthemovementofthelightsource,understandingithasturnedoutthelightandmovementoftheobserverdifferencehasnothingtodowiththeobserver,poorlightandlightmovementindependentofthemovementofthelightsource.Thisiswrong.Accordingtotherelativemotionthatistheideaof??movementispoor,weknowthattwoobjectsmovingobjectmovementdecidedtwopoor,poormovementoftwoobjectsnotbythemotionofanobjectdecision.Forexample,inavacuum,thelightandthemovementoftheobserverdifferencebetweenthelightandthemovementoftheobserverdetermined.Twointervalorspaceobjectspacechangesaredeterminedbythemotiondifference.Thismovementmaybecausedbyoneofthedifferentialmotionoftheobjectdetermined;maybedeterminedbyanothermotionoftheobject;alsobeduetothetwoobjectsmovetogetherdecision.Thefirsttwocasesthereisonlyonemovingobject,twochangesinobjectspacebyonlycausedbythemovementofanobject;lattertwoobjectsareinmotion,twochangesinobjectspaceiscausedbythemovementofthetwoobjects.Wesaythattwoofthesethreecasesthemovementofobjectscausedbythedifferencebetweentwoobjectsmovinginspace.Thisshowsthattherelativemovementoflightandtheobservermotiondifference[i.e..Wesaythatthelightisalsocommonly]havethefollowingscenario:1,theobserverdoesnotmove,thelightandtheobserverspacecausedbythemovementofthelight;2,theobserverandthelightmovinginthesamedirection,thelightspaceisduetotheobservertheobserveroflightcausedbythemovementtogether.Atthispointbothspatialchangesincircumstancesthanaslow,wesaythatsportissmall.3,theobserverandthelighttravelinginoppositedirections,thespatiallightandtheobserveristheobserverofthelightcausedbythemovementofthejoint.Atthispointbothspatialchangesfasterthantheoneinthecase,wesaythatsportsalargedifference.FromtheMaxwellequations,itcanbededucedlightisanelectromagneticwave.AccordingtoMaxwell''sequations,wehavecometolightinavacuum,thepropagationvelocityisconstant.
Arelativemovement,themovementoftheconceptofpoorvisibilityofsaidMaxwell''sequationsofconstantspeedoflightinvacuumandthevacuummotiondifference,isthepropagationspeedoflightinavacuum,thelightandnotthemovementoftheobservermotiondifference,insteadoflightthespeedrelativetotheobserver.Soconstantspeedoflight,notabsoluteconstant.
Classicallawofvelocitycompositionrelationshipwiththeprincipleofrelativity
Allobjectsareinmotion,movementisabsolute,wecanassumethatallobjectsareabsolutemotion,butwearedefinitelymovingdescriptionisrelative.Absolutemotionisanobjectmovement,themovementoftheobjectitselfisnotbadwiththemovementofotherobjects.Saidrelativemotionbetweenobjectsmovementispoor,wearepoorasthemovementofanobjectmovement.Movementisabsolute,buttheabsolutemotioncanbedescribedasmutuallystationary.Thedifferenceiszeromovementbetweenobjects.
Whymutuallystationaryobjects,throughdifferenttimereferencesystemdescription,theconclusionisthesame?Becauseallofreferenceareequal.Whysoofreferenceareequal?Becausealthoughthestateofmotionofreferencearedifferent,buttheobjectofreferencearedescribedwithreferencetotherelativemotionoftheDepartmentthatmovementispoor.Althoughthesystemdescribedinreferencetotherelativemovement,butthemovementoftheobjectandthereferenceframehavingadetermineddifferencevalue.Ifyouknowtheabsolutevelocityofreference,thenthemovementoftheobjectandthereferenceframeofreferencewiththeabsolutedifferentialspeedistheabsolutevelocityoftheobject,sowesaythatwhilethestateofmotionofreferencearedifferent,butthedescriptionofthemovementofobjectstobeequalThe.Whetherwechoosewhatkindofreference,referencesystemcoupledwiththemovementoftheobjectreferenceframedifferenceabsolutemotionisabsolutemotionofobjects.Thetwomutuallystationaryobjects,thatis,twoobjectsmovingdifferenceiszero,thestateofmotionoftwoobjectsarethesame,sonomatterhowwechoosereferencesystemstateofmotionofthetwoobjectsarethesame.
Therefore,weconcludethattherelativemotionbetweenobjectsmovingdeviationindependentofthechoiceofreference,allofthereferencesystemareequal.Vrepresentsaspeeddifferencebetweentwomovingobjects,suchasobjectsAandB,thenappearsintheB,visamovingobjectA,objectA''sspeedisv.ObjectmotiondifferencebetweenAandBindependentofthechosenreferencesystem,whichappearsinanotherframeofreference,vunchanged.Forexample,thesimplemovementinthesamedirectioninastraightline,theotherofreferenceviewobjectAspeedVa,thespeedoftheobjectBVb,Va-VbistheobjectofthemotiondifferencebetweenAandB,thenVa-Vb=vThisistheclassiclawofvelocitycomposition.Thatistheclassiclawofvelocitycompositionisbasedonallofthereferencesystemareequal,differentreferencesystemswithoutchangingthedifferencebetweenobjectsmovingrelativemotion,motiondifferencebetweenobjectsandindependentofthechoiceofreference.
Wesaweachothertwoobjectsatrest,nomatterhowwechoosereferencesystem,thetwoaremutuallystationaryobjects,thenwecometosportdifferentialandindependentofthechoiceofreferenceconclusion,orthatthereferencesystemisequal.Stillanothersaidthattwocasesofmotiondifferenceiszero,thenthedifferenceisnotzerowhenmovingit?Ifthereferencesystemisequal,thenthetwoobjectsmovingdifferentialiszero,andindependentofthechoiceofreference,thenthemotiondifferenceisnotzero,itshouldalsobethecase.Sothatwecometotheclassiclawofvelocitycomposition.
Becausethereferencesystemisequal,soeachstationaryobjectappearsindifferentreferencesystemsaremutuallystationary,sothemutualmovementofobjectsindifferentreferencesystemsseemmutualmovement,sothemutualmovementoftheobject''smotiondifferenceappearsinadifferentframeofreferenceisunchanged.Reciprocalmovementofanobjectmovinginadifferentframeofreferencedifferenceappearstobethesame,usingtheformuladescribedistheclassiclawofvelocitycomposition.Whyreferencesystemareequal?Whyexercisepoordescriptionreferencesystemhasnothingtodowith?Ifyouknowthereferencesystemastheabsolutevelocity,themotionoftheobjectandthereferenceframeofreferencewiththeabsolutedifferencebetweenthespeedistheabsolutevelocityoftheobject.Differencebetweenobjectsmovingobjectsabsolutemotionispoor,absolutemotionhaveuniquevalues,sothesportdifferentialisunique.
Thatistheclassiclawofvelocitycompositionisthusobtained,becausethemovementisabsolutemotion,allobjectsinabsolutespaceinabsolutemotion,absolutelynoforceobjectsdonotexist,soitisabsolutelystilldoesnotexist,sotheabsolutemotionofobjectscannotbedescribed,namely,byabsoluterestframedescriptionofabsolutespacecannotbedescribed,itcanonlybethroughanothertodescribethemovementofobjects.Todowiththeothermovingobjectsofreferencetodescribe,thentheabsolutemotionoftheobjectbecomesthemovementoftheobjectandthereferencesystemispoor,wecalltherelativemotion.Themovementofobjectsthroughspaceoriginallymutualabsoluterestframebecomesstationaryspatialreferencesystemwithmutuallystationaryspace.Wemutuallystationaryreferenceframewithspacecalledtherelativespace.Thatmovementisabsolute,butthedescriptionofabsolutemotionisrelative.Althoughthedescriptionoftherelativemovement,butwhetheritistheabsolutemotionorrelativedescribeddescription,theobjectmotiondifferencebetweenthetwoobjectsareequaltodifferencebetweentheabsolutemovement,haveuniquevalues,isunchanged,i.e.doesnotvarywiththechoiceofreferencechanged.Motiondifferencebetweenobjectsdoesnotvarywiththechoiceofchangingthereferencesystemistheclassiclawofvelocitycomposition.
Whentheobserverandthelightmotioninthesamedirectionatthesamespeedwhenstationaryobserverandlighteachother.AtthispointbetweentheobserverandthelightdoesnotvaryasEinsteinsaid,as''alightintheair,asifoneoftheoscillatingelectromagneticfieldstalled''.Lightreferstothelightpropagationspeedofthespace,theelectromagneticwavetravelinginthespace,theelectromagneticfieldinthespacedoesnotchangethespatialmovement.Changesintheelectromagneticfieldisequivalenttothepropagationofmechanicalwavesindielectricmediainthevibration,thevibrationofthemediumwhile,butthemediaitselfisnotmoving.Electromagneticwavesrelativetothemachinetoplaytheroleofthemedia.Lightitselfisnotpre-determinedbytheoscillationoftheelectromagneticfieldcomponents,sothatstationaryoscillationisnotseenbytheobserverinfrontoftheelectromagneticfield,theelectromagneticfieldoscillationsdonotoccurbeforethechangeintheelectromagneticfieldaroundthespacechanges,changesintheelectromagneticfieldthatwillintheirspace,theelectromagneticfieldgeneratedaroundthechange,sothattheelectromagneticfieldwillbeopentothespacepropagation,thisspreadofelectromagneticwavesisformed.Thatisstillseenbytheobserver,anoscillatingelectromagneticfieldisnotbefore;twooscillatingelectromagneticfieldsdonotcausespaceinfrontoftheelectromagneticfieldsurroundingthechange,thattheelectromagneticfieldpropagation-thespeedoflight.Observersseetheoscillationisnotonlytoseetheoscillatingelectromagneticfieldinfrontoftheelectromagneticfieldisnotpreproducechangesintheelectromagneticfieldaroundthespacetoseethelightpropagation.Iftheobserverdoesnotseeinfrontofelectromagneticoscillations,alsoseethespreadoftheelectromagneticfield,nottomentionthespeedofpropagation.Sothattheoscillationisnotinfrontofastationaryobserverelectromagneticphenomenathatarenotmovingatthesamespeedandthelightseenbytheobserverofthephenomenon.Sowiththesamespeedoflightmovingobserverseeswhatisitso?Accordingtotheconceptofrelativemotion,wehavecometolightandtheobserveraremutuallystationary.Althoughtheobserverisinmotion,butitseemstotheviewer,theyarestillnotmovinginspace,orthatthespaceisstillamongthemselves,butalsolightandtheirmutualstationaryobserver,likestandingwaveswithwaveseenbyanobservermovingwiththewavesisnotmoving,ifanobserverstandingonthecresthasbeeninthecrest,thesameobserverwouldhavebeenstandingonthecrestoflightwaves.Soitseemstheviewerelectromagneticshockyou?Noshocks.Iftheelectromagneticfieldisnotvolatile,soitwillnotgenerateelectromagneticwavesisnotit?Itisnot.Althoughdifferentreferencesystemsabletodescribethedifferentspeedoflight,butthereferencesystemcannoteliminateelectromagneticwaves.Atthispointitseemstheviewerelectromagneticfieldstrengthbecomesadifferentbutconstant,thesizeofawaveformintensityspatialarrangementopentotheelectromagneticfields.Opentotheobserver,eachpointinspacetheelectromagneticfieldisunchanged,butthefieldstrengthneareachcollarisdifferent,thesizeofthespatialintensitydistributionofawaveform.Dopplereffectthatlighthas,whentheobserveristhesamespeedandthespeedoflight,thefrequencyoflightdisappears.Changesintheelectromagneticfieldisnotchanged,buttheelectromagneticfielddoesnotdisappearintoaconstantchangeintheelectromagneticfieldoftheelectromagneticfield.Theusedspaceismutuallystationaryreferenceframe[say]thatspatialmovementwellexplained.Becauseoftheconstantmovementoftheobserverseesthelightsourceoftheelectromagneticfieldisinfactappeartobedifferentfromtheelectromagneticfieldspace.Observermovementofsaidspaceofsaidspaceandadifferentlight,thatthetwospacescanbemutuallyinmotion,movingspeedofthelightandtheobserveratthesamespeed,sothesourceofsaidspacespeedoflightlightintheroomisstationaryobserver.Inthespaceofastationaryobserverpointlightsourcespaceappearstobeinmotion,thespeedoflightexercise.
Whenthelightisawave,when,forexample,atomsemittedlight,theviewerappearstobeconstantspatialcomponentsoftheelectromagneticfieldinthewaveform.Whenthelightisacontinuouswave,whentheelectromagneticfieldwhiletheobserveristhesameview,asawaveformdistribution,butthelightsourceisthespeedoflight,thelightsourcehasaconstantelectromagneticfieldnearthecontinuouslygenerated.
Knowledgeaboutthetime
First,wewanttodeterminethetimeisanindependentvariableisthedependentvariable.Timeistheindependentvariableisthedependentvariable.Thisisnotacontradiction?Itisnot.
Weobjecttodescribethepositioninspacetime{see"timeisthepositionofobjectsinspacemathematicalformula"},anyobjectinspaceatapositionthatmomentinthespaceatdifferenttimesthatdifferentpositions.Showsthedifferentmomentsoftimetheflowoftime,timewithatimedisplay,thetimeperioddisplaynofluidity.Therefore,stillonlyrepresentstimeandthetimethatisflowing,themovementthatdifferentmomentsoftimethatisflowing.Whenweusethetimetodescribethemotionofanobject,thetimehasnothingtodowiththemovementofobjectsisdescribed,notbecauseoftheaccelerationofanobjectisdescribedandfaster,willnotbedescribedasslowdecelerationofobjects,theobjectwillnotbedescribedofatstandstill,notbecauseofthespeedoftheobjectbeingdescribedisdifferent,thistimeperiodisanindependentvariable.Whenalltheobjectsarestationary,thetimecanonlybeusedintime,saidthatregardlessofthelengthoftime,allwithamomentsaidthatatthistimeshowsnomobility,isstationary.Whenthereisanobjectmovement,wecanthroughthedifferentpositionsofobjectsinspacetorepresentdifferentmomentsoftime,thenthetimedisplayedliquidity.Timeduetomovementoftheobjectpointandshowtimefluidityduetochangesinthepositionofobjectsinspaceanddisplaythetimeatdifferenttimes,thetimebecausethemovementofobjectschange,sothattimeisadependentvariable.
Absoluterestdoesnotexist,allobjectsaremoving.Allmovingobjectshaveacommonvolume.Thatis,theobjectmovingatapositioninspacetoanotherpositioncorrespondingtoanotherobjectmovingfromonelocationtoanotherspatiallocation.Movingtheobjectatapositioninspacetoanotherlocation,correspondingtotheotherobjectsfromaspatialpositiontoanotherposition.ThatisavelocityVathroughspaceSa,correspondingtoanotherthroughspacevelocityVbSb.MeansavelocitythroughspaceSaVaVbwithanotherspeedthroughspaceSbisanequalamount.Duetothe''movingobjectatapositioninspacetoanotherlocation,correspondingtotheotherobjectsfromaspatialpositiontoanotherposition'',sothattheothertwoobjectsmovingobjectcorrespondstoapointinspacetoanother.Wecanuse''anothermovingobjectfromonepointtoanotherspace''toindicatethetotalamountofthetwoobjects.Thetotalamountwecanuseratio,iethemovementthroughspace|sportsize.Thisisasports-relatedbutindependentofthesizeandtheamountofmovementisamovementthroughspacewiththeincreaseoftheamount.Similarly,movementoftheobjectthroughthespacewillbewiththeincreaseofthisamount.Weknowthesizeofthemovementofobjects,then,ifyouwanttoknowthemovementofobjectsthroughspace,youmustknowtheamount,andthenbeforeweknowtheobjectaftertheobjectspace.HowdoIknowthisamount?Mustbeusedtodescribeothermovingobjects.Objectsinastateofmotionthroughspaceitselfcontainsthisvolume.Thenweputthisamountiscalledtime.
Timefromthemomentofcomposition.Onlydifferenttimestodisplaythetimedifference,thetimedifferencetoshowthetimeoffluidity.Onlydifferenttimestosaidtimeinterval.
Timeiscomposedoftime,sotimeisthetimeitself.Timeisatimerepresentationofnon-zeroamountoftime.Whileonlyamoment''stime,notimeistoshowadifferent,showingnotimetomobility,thatmeanstimeisstationary.Timezeroindicatesthetimeisusuallystationary.Therefore,evenifaverylongperiodoftime,withthetimeindicated,thenwewilldozerotorememberthistime.Forexample,allobjectsarestationary,thenstillonlyrepresentamoment,thennomatterhowlongtherestofthetime,didnotmakesense,orthattherecordscannot,wewillspendtimeexpressedaszero.Onlymovingobjectsthroughdifferentspacetorepresentdifferentmoments,todisplaythetimedifference,showingtheflowoftime.
Momentwillhavetwomeanings,one,alwayscontainingtime;2,themomentsthattakeinfinitelysmalltimeremembertodozerotodealwith.Feishiwithflyingarrowdoesnotmoveissomean.
Timeitselfcontainstime,buttimeitselfisnotputoutthistimedescribed.Onlymomentsintodifferentmomentsofhisowncompositiontoshowtime.
Thepassageoftimeisuniformissue
Timeisalwayscomposed,alwaysrepresentsaspecifictime,thenwhyalwaysabletorepresenttime?
Allobjectsaremoving.Timeisthetotalamountofallofthemovingobject.Timestartsatexercise,exerciserepresentsthebeginningoftime,thendisappearwhenmovementforthemotion{referstothemovementofallobjects}timedisappears.Thetimewhenthemovementhasnotdisappeared,evenifonlyoneobjectisinmotion,thetimeistocontinue,thereisnorest.Heretimeisthetimeyoucanmeasuretime,youcandescribeatime.Sportsdisappeared,thatallstationaryobjects,wecansaythatthereisatime,butthistimearethesame,nochange,containsonlyonetimeandcannotbeexpressedwithtwotimes,theintervalcannotbeusedthatout,noamount.
Movementisthebeginningoftimecanbemeasured.Intimestartsatmovement.Thatobjectisthetimetostartmovingthemomentthestartingpoint.Intimeendsatsports,ifalltheobjectsinmotionarestopped,thatmomentwhentimestandsstill,thatistheendoftime.Thus,whenthemovementdidnotstopwhenthetimeisastartingpoint,nottheendoftherays.Theamountoftimewiththeamountofmovementincreases.
Timeishowrepresentation?
Timewiththenatureofthedivisioncanbeuniformly.Timecanbeevenlydividedintonequalparts,soeachtimeareequal.Thisisalsocalledeachtimeinterval.Theintervalsoftimetodisplaythetimeintervalrepresentedbythetwomoments.IfeverytimeaTgrepresents,thenthetimetcanbeexpressedas,t=nTg.
Ifeverytimetakeappropriateunits,sothevalueisequalto1,thenthetimet=nTg=nnWhatdoesitmean?Ifthestarttimeisexpressedbyzero,thenthesaidtimen,ntimeandthetimedifferencebetweenthestartingpointisn-0=nrepresentsatimeinterval,whichisthetime.Sincethebeginningoftimemomentswithzeromeans,sonalsorepresentsthetimefromthebeginningtothemomentntime.
Sincethebeginningoftimezerorepresentstime,obtainedwithn-0equaln,nrepresentsthetimeitisatthesametimen,nnisalsosaidthatthetimeintervalistheamountoftime.Usuallywestartfromthetimetoamoment(orshouldwesaynow)thetimeintervaliscalledtime.Perhapsbecauseofthebeginningoftimeistoofaraway,weusuallychoosethemomentoftimeisnotthestartingpointcountiszero,thenzeromomentlatertimecanbeusedinsteadofapositivenumber,theprevioustimecanberepresentedbynegativenumbers.Althoughthesetworepresentationsrepresentdifferentmoments,butsaidthetimeintervalbetweenthedifferentmomentsisconstant.Justasthereisnoabsoluterest,wedescribetherelativemotionastheabsoluteabsolutemovementandrelativemovementbetweenthemovementoftheobjectdescriptionisdescribedbythesamedifference.Thelattermethodisnandnrepresentsthetimeintervalsattimezero,ratherthanthestartingpointnandthetimeinterval.Ifthestarttimeisexpressedby-x,thenthetimeofstartingthetimeintervalnisn-(-x).
Timetimecanberepresentedinaspecificmoment,atthesametime,thetimecanbeexpressedwithazerotimeinterval.Thisiswhatweobtainedaccordingtot=nTg.T=nTgtimeisbasedonthedescription,t=nTgcandescribeapasttime,canbedescribednexttime.t=nTgthattimecanbedescribedbyquantitativeformulas.
Thetimenowistpresent,thefutureisnotcertainmomentoftimet,thent=tisnotpresent+nTg,tnow+nTgrepresentationisnotthetimet.
Wesaythattimeisflowing,referstothetimefromonemomenttoanothermoment,timeisdifferent,sowethinkthetimeisinmotion.Twotimerepresentsatimeinterval,whichmeanstwotothreetimeintervals.Ifthreetimeshowstwoequaltimeintervals,wefoundauniformflowoftime,thetimewillnotbeastimegoesbythedifferenttype,nomatterwhattimeofthepassageoftimewillbeuniform.
Sothepassageoftimeitisuniform?Assumingtimefromonemomenttoanothertimeintervalis▽t,theflowoftimeisthetimefromonetimetoanothermomentintimewecanusethetxandtythattimefromonetimetoanothermomentofmovementTheamountofT,thenT=ty-tx.SotheamountofmovementthantheprevioustimeintervalTisthesizeoftheflowoftime,theequivalentofthespeedofthemovementofobjects,inK,then,K=T/▽t=(ty-tx)/▽t..
Accordingtot=nTgtimecanbequantifieddescriptionofthetimeintervalbetweentwomomentscanbeexpressed,thenthety-tx=▽t.Therefore,K=T/▽t=(ty-tx)/▽t=1=constant.Thatisequaltothenumberoftimeforexercise,thetime,thepassageoftimeisaconstantspeed,isconstant.Therefore,theflowoftimeisuniform.Thenafteratimeintervalofeitherthesame,theuseoftimeisthesame.
Objectselapsedtimeisthetimeinterval.Thisisdescribedfromtheabsolutetimeinterval;objectelapsedtimeisthetimefromonetimetoanothertime,whichisthetimefromthetimedescribedinthecontext.
Theflowoftimefromthetimepointofviewisthetimefromonetimetoanothertimeintervalfromatimepointofview,theflowoftimeistheelapsedtimeobject.Timefromonetimetoanothertimeavailablety-txsaidelapsedtimeobjectcan▽tthatbothequivalence,iety-tx=▽t.
Theflowoftimeinterval,inthatthetimefromonetimetoanothertime.
Weusuallysaythatthetimeisactuallyreferringtotheflowoftime,theflowoftimecanbemeasured.
Timeisthetotalamountofallofthemovingobject,asmotionincreases,timeisatimedependentvariable,usingtheformulat=s/vmeans;describethemotion,thetimeistheindependentvariable,thetimecanusetheformulat=nTgrepresentation.Thatdescribethemotionvelocityandacceleration,thetimeistheindependentvariable,time,usingtheformulat=nTgrepresentation.
Plancktimereferstotheminimumtimeintervalbetweenthequantum,thePlancktime,to10E-43seconds.Nothingislesstimeexists.
Accordingtotheformulat=nTg,wedigitizedrepresentationifthetimeout,theneedforanon-zerotimeintervalrepresentsthetime.
References:1,"HistoryofPhysics"2,"OntheElectrodynamicsofMovingBodies"3"newspace-timeanalysisofflyingarrowdoesnotmove"4"theessenceofthetimeperiodtheoriginofthe"5"spacemotionsays"6"constantspeedoflightsportdifferentialperspective."
7"uniformpassageoftimeisthequestion"WuXingGuang
August16,2013
Machinetranslationisinevitableerror,seeChineseoriginal《引力与惯性力等效的原因》.
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