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“陷阱题”通常也叫“圈套题”，是一种极易做错的习题。“陷阱题”与常规题不同，它具有较大的迷惑 性，较好的隐蔽性。近年来，各地中考试卷中常有这种性质的试题出现。当我们遇到这种习题时，常感到不知 所措。怎样解答这种“陷阱题”呢？下列方法不妨一试： 一、认真审题，发现“陷阱” “陷阱题”是不挂牌的，而是编拟者把“陷阱”巧妙地设计在题目中。只要同学们认真审题，“陷阱”是 可以被发现的，如下面这几道题： 1.Would you like__________pears,please?［吉林］ A.any B.some C.much D.little 2.The radio is too noisy.Would you please turn it________a little?［辽宁］ A.on B.off C.up D.down 3.Three years__________a short time.You have to study hard.［江西］ A.is B.are C.be D.were 4.Help_________to some fish and meat,children.［四川］ A.yourself B.you C.yours D.yourselves 5.You have missed_________"s"in the word "dress".［江苏］ A.a B.an C.the D.不填 有些学生没有认真审题，就乱套语法规则，以致将上面五题错选成：1.A2.B3.B4.A5.A。如果同学们能认真 审题，思路理顺，灵活地运用语法规则，就会知道上述选项都是题设“陷阱”。 再如： 1. Which do you enjoy _______ your holiday, going touring or staying at home? (07淮安) A. spending B. to spend C. spend 解析：本题易错选A。其原因在于很多同学都认为enjoy doing sth.是一个习惯搭配，然而本题的答题关键却在题目的后半部分going touring or staying at home，说明是在两者中选择做什么来度过这个假期。事实上对于此类题目若同学们觉得比较难的话，可将该句改为：You enjoy which ____ your holiday, going touring or staying at home?由此我们就可确定正确答案应为B。例如： After school, what my son enjoys _____ football. A. playing B. played C. to play D. is playing 本题易错选A。而正确思路应为what my son enjoys 为主语从句，此句缺少be 做谓语，故排除B和C，应选D。
2. It’s our duty to ______ people ________ too many trees. (07连云港) A. stop; cutting down B. prevent；to cut down C. keep; cutting down D. make; cut down 解析：本题易错选C。因为许多同学都会认为“阻止某人做某事”可用stop / prevent / keep sb. from doing sth.但是，stop / prevent在主动语态中可将后面的from省去，被动语态中三者均不可省，而有的同学会误认为from在所有的主动语态中都可以省，于是就会错选C。若用keep sb. doing sth. 就表示“让某人一直做某事”，意思显然不对。本题的正确答案应为A。 3.—Will you please show me how to do the role play exercise? (07南通) —Sure. Now let me tell you _______ first. A. which to do B. how to do C. when to do D. what to do 解析：本题易错选B。一般同学们会认为“我要教你怎么做”是方式，所以用how to do。但事实上该句是在考查对于名词性从句的省略现象，若将该句还原，我们会得到以下句子：Let me tell you _______ (第一步该怎么做)。那么我们可以这样来表达：how you should do it first / what you should do。如果将其省略就应为how to do it / what to do。因此本题的正确答案应为D。
例如： I need your help because I don’t know_________. (07徐州) (A) A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it D. what should I do It’s selfish_________ Eddie_________ the whole birthday cake. (08宿迁) A. of; to eat B. of; eating C. for; to eat D. for; eating 解析：本题易错选C。因为很多同学会认为“对于Eddie来说是selfish的”，然而此题的考查重点在于介词的选择。我们说“如果某事对于某人来说是怎么样的”，会经常使用for，而如果是“某人本身所具有的本质”的话，则应使用of，常见的句型有：it’s imp 5. Students should pay attention to ______ the teacher in class. (07泰州) A. hear B. listen to C. listening to D. hearing of 解析：本题易错选B。此题的关键在于pay attention to中的to 为介词，其后应接doing。因此本题的正确答案应为C。
6. My friend, Darren, is coming to visit us. I’m looking forward to _____ him. (07潜江 ) A. meet B. meeting C. to meet D. to meeting 解析：本题易错选C。此题的关键在于looking forward to中的to 为介词，因此其后应接doing。因此本题的正确答案应为B。 7. Grandma ______ us stories when we were very young. (08内江) A. used to tell B. is used to tell C. was used to tell 解析：本题易错选C。此题主要是要将这几个形式相近的词组含义区分开来。used to do 意为“过去常常做某事”，be used to do 意为“被用来做某事”，而be used to doing则表示“习惯于做某事”。因此本题的正确答案应为A。 8. They are too tired, so they stop ___ and have a rest. (07内江) A. working B. to work C. work 解析：本题主要是要搞清楚stop to do 与stop doing 的区别，后接动词不定式表示“停下来去做某事”，而接动名词则表示“停止做某事”，根据句意本题应选A。后接动词不定式和动名词含义不一样的还有以下词组：remember to do 意为“记得去做某事”，remember doing意为“记得做过某事”。类似的还有forget/regret/go on 等。例如：
Remember to______ the lights when you leave your classroom．(07重庆) (B) A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down 9. Is this the factory _____ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the on Is this factory ______ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the on Is this the factory _____ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. Where C. which D. the on 解析：这3道题是定语从句中较为典型的题，它们可以给我们在做定语从句一类题时有个提醒。我们知道定语从句必须要满足3个条件：(1) 必须要有先行词；(2) 先行词在从句中必须担当一定的成分；(3) 关系词要代替前面的先行词。而定语从句的连接词的选择是考查的重中之重，主要是看从句中缺什么成分，通常是缺什么就补什么。这几道题的答案分别应为A、D、B。我们可将它们转换为以下几种形式： This is the factory _______ you visited the other day. (从句中缺少宾语) This factory is _______ some foreign friends visited last Friday. (该句无先行词，若为名词性从句则应用what来引导)
This is the factory_______ he worked ten years ago. (从句中缺少状语) 10. He has two sons, _______ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of them D. all of whom 解析：该题易错选C。在定语从句中逗号是十分关键的，题中逗号说明该句为非限制性定语从句，所以只能选择B。然而若将题干改为He has two sons and _______ work as chemists.那么本题的答案就应是C了。 二、多向思维，分析“陷阱” 一些“陷阱题”，往往是根据同学们思维上的弱点而设计的，对于中学生来说，思维上存在着习惯、单一 、片面、混乱的缺陷。因此，思维方法上的指导，就显得十分重要。同学们在解答上面这些选择题时，思维上 的弱点就暴露出来了。把第一题理解成“疑问句用any”，把第二题理解成“关掉收音机”，把第三题理解成“ 主语是复数名词，谓语动词用单数”，反第四题理解成"help yourself to…"，把第五题理解成“辅音字母前 用不定冠词a”。因此，做题时，不能只顾表面现象，应多方面地去分析题意。除了熟记一般的语法规则之外， 还应了解一些特殊情况下的特殊规则。如上面这些题：1.虽然在一般情况下，疑问句中用any，但在一些表示请 求、建议的疑问句中要用some；2.因句末有a little一词，故不可选用off，而应选down，指把音量“关小一点 ”，而不是“关掉一点”；3.复数名词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数，但是时间名词作主语，应当作整体看待 ，谓语动词用单数；4.因这句话是对多数人(children)说，因此，yourself应用其复数形式yourselves；5.辅 音字母s读[es]，第一个音为元音，故用an。
三、去伪存真，识别“陷阱” 鱼目混珠的“陷阱题”，大多数是以选择题的形式出现，同学们解答时，一会儿看着这个对，那个也对， 一会儿看着这个错，那个也错，举棋不定，疑三惑四。如果我们对一些语法知识一知半解，或只是死记硬背， 或者没有把基础知识弄清弄透，那么做这些题就不能去伪存真，因此，对基本知识点及特殊现象，要彻底搞懂 了为止，这样才会分清选择题目中的鱼目及珍珠，避免落入“陷阱”。 四、加强验证，跳出“陷阱” “陷阱题”总能使一些人落入“陷阱”，怎么办？在平时训练中，应注意掌握跳出“陷阱”的方法，加强 验证，就是一种行之有效的方法。有些粗心大意的同学，不能根据题目语境验证结果，而是被表面现象所迷惑 ，在选择答案时，落入“陷阱”，这是很可惜的。如果同学们有良好的检查验证习惯，掌握验证的方法，即使 落入了“陷阱”，也能在验证的过程中发现“陷阱”，迅速地跳出来。 同学们可能一时掌握不了这种解题方法，可用类似的习题，多训练几次，力求达到熟练掌握，灵活运用的 程度，自然而然就有“落阱自救”的本领。 下面这20道小题均选自各年全国各地中考试题，大家来试试看，你能选对多少？ 1.I__________to bed until my granny came hack nome.［天津］ A.didn’t go B.went C.had gone D.have gone 2.Who teaches__________French?［吉林］ A.we B.our C.us D.ours 3.If it__________tomorrow,we’ll go to the park.［吉林］ A.doesn’t snow B.don’t snow C.won’t snow D.snowed 4.I hear there is going to__________a film tomorrow.［辽宁］ A.be B.is C.been D.have 5.I don’t know if he_______tomorrow,if he_______,I’ll meet him.［辽宁］ A.will come,comes B.comes,comes C.will come,will come D.comes,will come 6.He’s almost finished_________the book,__________he? A.reading,isn’t B.to read,isn’t C.reading,hasn’t D.to read,hasn’t 7.--His father didn’t go to work today,did he? --___________.［江西］ A.No,he didn’t B.Yes,he didn’t C.No,he did D.Yes,he was 8.Do you know___________?［江西］ A.why did she get up late B.why she got up late C.why does she get up late D.why she gets up late 9.He has________here for almost a year.He has made many good friends.［安徽］ A.left B.come C.been D.gone 10.The shopkeeper asked me____________.［安徽］ A.what size shoes I wore B.what size shoes did I wear C.I wore what size shoes D.what size shoes do I wear 11.He gave me two answers_________the question,but________of them is right.［安徽］ A.of,neither B.to,both C.of,none D.to,neither 12.China is on A.the oldest country B.the oldest countries C.much older country D.much older countries 13.Can you_________speak to a person in old clothes?［山西］ A.polite B.friendly C.kind D.kindly 14.--Is this eraser yours? --No,it’s___________.［新疆］ A.him B.her C.his D.he’s 15.--Who has a dictionary,children? --I have____________.［河南］ A.it B.this C.on 16.There are many apples______the tree.A bird______the tree is picking an apple.［河南］ A.in,on B.on,in C.in,at D.to,of 17._______will be the populatino of China in the year 2000?［陕西］ A.What B.How many C.How much D.Which 18.It rained________last night.［广西］ A.heavily B.bigly C.heavyly D.hardly 19.I don’t think she is a good girl,___________?［宁夏］ A.do I B.isn’t she C.is she D.don’t I 20.___________we had last night!［福建］ A.What good time B.What a good time C.How happy D.How a good time 答案：1-10 A C A A A C A B C A 11-20 D B D C C B A A C B 典型陷阱之非谓语动词 1. He made some toys _______ his little son. A. please B. to please C. pleasing D. pleased
【解析】此题陷阱选项为A。错误的原因是由于受思维定式的影响，由于做过许多make用作使役动词的题，那么很多考生一看到make这个词就认为它是用作使役动词，这样就误选为A。其实，这里的make是“制作”的意思，而不是用作使役动词。句子的意思为“他制作了一些玩具来讨好他的年幼的儿子。这里应该用带to的动词不定式来作目的状语。正确答案为B。 2. My uncle enjoys _______ TV after supper. A. watching B. watches C. watch D. to watch 【解析】此题陷阱选项为B或D。这是由于知识错误引起的。一些考生把这里的watch当作谓语动词就误选为B。很多考生误认为enjoy后面要接动词不定式就选了D。其实，enjoy后面接动词时要用其ing形式。这样的动词还有finish, mind, practise, feel like, keep, be worth等等。正确答案为A。 3. Mr Brown asked us to stop _______, and we stopped _______to him at on A. talking, to listen B. to talk, to listen C. talking, listening D. to talk, listen 【解析】此题陷阱选项为B或C。因为stop后面可以接动词不定式也可以接动词的ing形式，如果弄不清两者的区别就很可能误选为B或C或D。stop to do意为“停下(别的事)来开始做某事”，stop doing意为“停止做某事”。正确答案为A。这个句子意为“布朗先生叫我们停止谈话，我们立刻停下来开始听他讲话”。后面接动词不定式或动词的ing 形式有很大的区别的词有：try, remember, forget, go on等，try to do努力做某事，try doing试着做某事，remember to do记得要去做某事，remember doing记得做过某事，forget to do忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事，go on to do接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。 4. The doctor did what he could _______ the boy. A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping 【解析】此题陷阱选项为A。很多同学认为情态动词后面肯定要接动词原形。但是，在这里不能选A，因为情态动词could后面本来有动词原形do，只是被省略了。正确答案为B。这里to help the boy这个不定式短语用来作目的状语。 5. Mary is often listened _______ in the next room. A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. to to sing 【解析】此题易误选为A。一般来说listen to和其他感官动词一样，以不带to的动词不定式作其宾语补足语。但当该动词短语变为被动语态时，其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略。这里应特别注意，listen是一个不及物动词，在接宾语时to不能省略。正确答案为D。 典型陷阱之反意疑问句 1. There is hardly any rain this summer, _______? A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t there D. is there 【解析】此题陷阱选项为A或B或C。选A或C的考生是由于没有注意到hardly这个词而草率做题造成的；选B的考生注意到了hardly这个半否定词，但却忽视了这是一个there be结构，后面的反意疑问部分的主语仍然用there。当句中有no, nothing, never, hardly, few, little等否定词或半否定词时后面的反意疑问句要用肯定形式。正确答案为D。 2. She was unhappy when she heard the news, _______? A. was she B. wasn’t she C. does she D. didn’t she 【解析】此题陷阱选项为A。当句中有no, nothing, never, hardly, few, little等否定词或半否定词时后面的反意疑问句要用肯定形式。但是，当句中有由加否定前缀或后缀构成的否定词时，后面的反意疑问句不受其影响，仍用否定形式。正确答案为B。 3. She thinks she can get there on time, _______she? A. can B. can’t C. doesn’t D. does 【解析】此题陷阱选项为A或B。错误的原因是受了思维定式的影响。因为在平时训练时“I think + that从句 / I don’t think + that从句”这样的句子，它们后面的反意疑问句的主语和谓语要根据后面的从句来确定，肯定或否定形式则根据主句来确定。如：I think she will win the game, won’t she? I don’t think chickens can swim, can they? 但是，当主句中的主语不是I时，其后的反意疑问句的主语和谓语仍然根据主句来确定。因此，正确答案为C。 4. —They haven’t paid for their tickets, have they? —_______. They didn’t pay any money. A. Yes, they have B. No, they haven’t C. Yes, they haven’t D. No, they have. 【解析】此题陷阱选项为A或C。选A的同学是由于忽略语境造成的，如果不看They didn’t pay any money. 这句话，那么A项确实是正确答案。选C的同学是由于受了汉语思维的定式引起的，因为这个答案译成汉语正好是“是的，他们没有付钱”。大家应注意否定疑问句的回答方式与肯定的疑问句的回答方式是一样，只不过这时yes要译为“不”，而no要译为“是的”。正确答案为B。(from) 典型陷阱之主谓一致 1. Neither Jack nor Li Lei and I _______ interested in playing computer games. A. am B. is C. are D. was 【解析】此题陷阱选项为A。平时考生所做的题目是neither… nor…结构作主语时谓语动词多用单数，特别是“Neither … nor I am …”这样的结构在考生的头脑中留下了深刻的印象，因此很多考生一看到neither … nor…和这里的“I”不假思索就选择的A项。其实，只要我们再仔细看看会发现nor后面是Li Lei and I 两个人，因此正确答案为C。 2. The teacher and writer _______ doing morning exercises this time yesterday. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【解析】此题陷阱选项为D。误选的原因是把the teacher and writer误认为是两个人，其实，the teacher and the writer才是两个人，意为“那个老师和那个作家”。到底是一个人还是两个人的关键是看and后面的名词前面是否有修饰语，有修饰语就是两个人或(物)，没有修饰语就是一个人(或物)。正确答案为B。 3. Everyone except Tom and David _______there when the meeting began. A. is B. was C. are D. were 【解析】此题陷阱选项为C或D。此题考查主谓一致问题，许多同学会受Tom and David的影响会误选为C或D这两个答案。其实，这里属于“单数主语＋介词短语”作主语的情况，这时谓语动词应不受介词短语中的名词或代词的影响，仍然用单数形式。正确答案为B。 4. Every boy and girl _______ the book and they each _______ to buy on A. likes, wants B. likes, want C. like, wants D. like, want 【解析】此题陷阱选项为A或C。选A的同学认为两个主语中都有every或each应该用单数形式；选C的同学认为第一空前面的主语是boy and girl是复数，谓语动词要用复数，第二空前面的主语是each是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。其实，受了every修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词的数不受each的影响，仍用复数形式。故正确答案为B。 时态和语态 1. Jane _______ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. 2. When _______ the accident _______? 3. —Can you guess if they _______to play basketball with us? 4. _______ to be “getting on” and “getting off” when you take a bus. 5. They won’t be back until the work _______. 6. —Please don’t make a noise. 7. —Your phone number again? I _______ quite catch it. 8. —Do you like the material? 生活常识 1. When we see dark _______ in the sky, we know that rain may come soon. A. stars B. planes C. clouds D. things 【解析】此题容易误选A、B。如果不清楚这是一道常识题的话，一看到in the sky就会想当然地错选为A或B这两项，因为这两样东西经常出现在天空中。由下文中的we know that rain may come soon可知“很快就要下雨了，那么一定是看天空中的’乌云’了”。因此正确答案为C。 2. I want to have a _______. I feel thirsty. A. meeting B. talk C. swim D. drink 【解析】此题容易误选A、B、C中的任何一项。所给的四个选项都能与have a构成短语，如果粗心大意，不注意下文中的I feel thirty. 就很容易犯想当然的错误。根据常识可知：感到口渴应该是想“喝点什么东西”。正确答案为D。(from www.) 3. There are five circles with different colours on the flag of Olympic Games. They are green, blue, red _______ and _______. A. yellow, black B. yellow, purple C. black, pink D. pink, grey 【解析】此题容易误选B、C、D中的任何一项。如果不了解奥运会会旗图案的颜色是由红、黄、蓝、绿、黑的话，误选为B、C、D的可能性就相当大。正确答案为A。 4. When people are in danger, they would cry out _______! A. Help! Help B. Save me! Save me C. Come on! Come on D. Save life! Save life 【解析】此题易受汉语思维的影响而误选为B或D，因为B项译成汉语时好是“救我”之意，D项译成汉语正好是“救命”之意。其实，这里应该选A，在英语中表示求救时要说Help！，而不说Save me!或Save life! 典型陷阱之否定句 英语中有些否定句极易引起误解，它们犹如“陷阱”一般，稍不留神你就会“陷”进去。要想避免误解，做出正确的汉译，就必须弄清原文的否定范围、否定程度、内在含义以及英汉两种语言表达习惯的差异。 一、“no/never…too/enough”结构 此结构常与can连用，表示的内在含义为“无论……也不过分”，尤其是too后跟不定式时，误导性更强，因为它容易使人联想到“too…to”结构。 1. Parents cannot be too strict to their children. 误译：家长不能对孩子太严格。 改译：家长对孩子越严格越好(怎么严都不为过)。 2. Doctors can never be too careful to make such a critical decision, as it is a matter of life and death to the patient. 误译：医生们永远不能太仔细，以至于做不出如此关键的决定，因为它对病人是生死攸关的。 改译：做如此关键的决定，医生们再细心也不过分，因为它对病人是生死攸关的。 3. We can’t pay enough/sufficient attention. 误译：我们不能给予足够的注意。 改译：我们要格外注意。 二、“not… and”结构 此结构表示对两者之一的否定，并非对两者的全部否定。 4. You couldn’t be a father and live that kind of life. 误译：你既不能当父亲，又不能过那样的生活。 改译：你不能既当父亲，同时又过那样的生活。 5. The careless student couldn’t do his homework fast and correctly. 误译：那位粗心的学生不能把作业做得快，也不能做得对。 改译：那位粗心的学生不能把作业做得又快又对。 三、no表达的强调否定 no的否定意味在程度上比not要强得多，往往表示跟所说的情况截然相反，所以要译出足够的否定意味。 6. She was wearing no ordinary hat. 误译：她戴着一顶不一般的帽子。 改译：她戴着一顶绝非一般的帽子。 7. This nightclub is no place for a young and innocent girl. 误译：这家夜总会不是纯真的少女去的地方。 改译：这家夜总会根本不是纯真的少女去的地方。 四、转移否定结构 转移否定结构涉及表示看法、信念的动词（如：believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think等）后面带有宾语从句，以及表语为表示同样概念的名词（如：belief, thought, opinion, view等）后面带有主语从句。 8. I don’t expect Tom has eaten all the cake. 误译：我没料到汤姆吃完了那整个蛋糕。 改译：我料想汤姆没有吃完那整个蛋糕。 9. It is not my thought that he will be back until eight o’clock. 误译：我不认为他八点之前会回来。 改译：我认为他八点之前不会回来。 五、否定疑问句的答语 关于否定疑问句的答语，英语和汉语的表达习惯很不相同：英语的肯定答语为“Yes，+肯定句”，否定答语为“No，+否定句”；而汉语相应的肯定答语为“不，+肯定句”，否定答语为“是的，+否定句”。 10. —Didn’t you have a good time at the ball? —Yes, I did. 误译：——难道你在舞会上玩得不快活吗？ ——是的，我玩得很快活。 改译：——难道你在舞会上玩得不快活吗？ ——不，我玩得很快活。 11. —Aren’t you now convinced I’m sincere? 误译：——难道你现在还不相信我是真心的？ ——不，我不相信。 改译：——难道你现在还不相信我是真心的？ ——是的，我不相信。 六、“There be +no/not any +v-ing”结构 这个结构并不表示存在，而是表示禁止或不可能性。 12. There isn’t any mistaking his intentions this time. 误译：这次没有误解他的意图。 改译：这次是不可能误解他的意图的。 13. There is no smoking in the waiting room at the railway station. 误译：火车站的候车室里没有吸烟的。 改译：火车站的候车室里不准吸烟。 七、whether或if引导的否定宾语从句 由于whether或if本身就有“是否”的含义，所以其后的否定宾语从句大可不必译为汉语的否定句。 14. I asked him if he didn’t know her. 误译：我问他是否不认识她。 改译：我问他是否认识她。 15. Try and think whether you have not any friends to help you. 误译：想想看是不是没有朋友能帮助你。 改译：想想看是不是有些朋友能帮助你。 八、“否定词+比较级”结构 “否定词+比较级”结构相当于最高级的含义，一般不宜将其机械地翻译成汉语的“否定词+更……“结构。 16. I couldn’t be happier at that time. 误译：我当时不能更高兴了。 改译：我当时再高兴不过了。 17. Butcher had already set a new time record for the first leg of the trip, and her chances of winning had never been better. 误译：布彻尔在第一段赛程上已经创下了一个新的时间记录，所以她获胜的可能性从来没有更大过。 改译：布彻尔在第一段赛程上已经创下了一个新的时间记录，所以她获胜的可能性之大是空前的。 九、“hardly/scarcely/barely…when/before…”结构 此结构表示在时序上紧密相连的两个动作，含义为“一……就……”，不宜将其中的hardly, scarcely, barely译成汉语的否定字眼。 18. Scarcely had the operator pressed the button when all the machines began to work. 误译：当所有的机器开始运行时，操作员几乎没有按电钮。 改译：操作员一按电钮，所有的机器就开始运行了。 19. He had hardly got home before she started complaining. 误译：在她开始抱怨之前，他几乎没到家。 改译：她一到家就开始抱怨起来。 十、含蓄否定句 在英语的含蓄否定句中并没有否定词，也不含有否定意义的词缀，但又确实具有否定含义，这时译成汉语时往往要用否定句表达，甚至只有用否定句表达才能通顺、达意。 20. He went away before I had time to replay. 误译：在我有时间回答之前，他就离去了。 改译：我还没来得及回答，他就离去了。 21. The teacher has assigned more homework than I can manage. 误译：老师留的作业比我能够应付的还要多。 改译：老师留的作业太多，我应付不了。 22. He’s the last man I wanted to see. 误译：他是我最后一个想见到的人。 改译：他是我最不想见到的人。 练习题 1. --Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk? ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )16. Girls like to ________ themselves in modern dresses. ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )30. -Could I use your bike? ( ( ( )33. Forty minutes _______ for the children to finish all the work. ( ( ( ( ( ( ( )41. -Will you please show me the photo of your family? ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ANSWERS(1－40): 1-5 BADBA 21-25 CDCDD ANSWERS(41－66): 41-45 CCCBA 再看下面一题，是考查非限制性定语从句，还是考查……？ He had a lot of friends, on A. whom B. them C. which D. who 【分析】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较： (1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。 (2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。 (3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。
典型强调句陷阱题分析 1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. A. It was we being late B. It was our being late C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late 【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。 【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为： Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。 2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.” A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which 【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。 【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为： It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. 比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式： (1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl? A. since B. as C. that D. he 答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。 (2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most? A. what B. which C. that D. if 答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。 3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter. A. It, careful B. It, carefully C. He, careful D. He, carefully 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语(from www.nmet168.com)。 【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B。请看下面几例，也属强调结构： (1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang. A. since B. as C. that D. then 答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。 (2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag. A. before B. who C. that D. when 答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。 4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.” A. where B. which C. that D. when 【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。 【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以(from www.nmet168.com)。 其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。 5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me. A. which B. as C. what D. that 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例： (1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job. A. which B. since C. that D. what 答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作” (from www.nmet168.com)。 (2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. on 答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。 6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood. A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。 【分析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子(from www.nmet168.com)： (1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money. A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which 此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。 (2) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died. A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that 此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。 7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out? A. when B. that C. which D. in which 【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。 【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is [was]…that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at则可以，因为 at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗?”比较下面一题（答案选B，为强调句）： Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out? A. when B. that C. which D. in which 8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone. A. that B. where C. which D. while 【陷阱】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型( 【分析】其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。 9. It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people. A. when B. that C. since D. while 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。 【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替(from www.nmet168.com)。 10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan. A. which B. as C. that D. what 【陷阱】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。 【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。 |
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