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By David Coodin, eHow Contributor 翻译 小林 Most readers rarely stop to think about the structural decisions that go into the creation of paragraphs. Yet, most paragraphs adhere to a set of conventions that help give them flow and coherence, which makes teaching students the fundamentals of paragraphs a fundamental component of teaching them to write. Show your students how to structure a paragraph so that it sets up an argument and follows it through. 大多数读者很少留意到，文章的结构是随着段落的铺陈而布局的。然而，段落结构通常都遵循着一套约定俗成的惯例，以使其通顺连贯，这就使得段落的基本规则成为学生学习写作的基本功之一。按照下文，看看英语文章如何组织段落，发起议论。
Topic Sentence A proper paragraph should begin with a
topic sentence. The topic sentence, much like the thesis statement in an essay,
sets up the argument or introduces the subject that the paragraph will be
about. A topic sentence can be analytical, such as "The Civil War was an
important moment in American history," or more personal and reflective,
such as "My summer in 主题句 每个段落都应该以一个主题句开头。主题句，如同一篇文章的“中心句”，是展开议论或者引出本段话题的句子。主题句可以是议论式的，如“南北战争在美国历史上具有重要意义”，也可以是抒情式的，如“我今年最开心的就是在法国度暑假。”总之，主题句应该明确地告诉读者本段的主题是什么。
Body After a topic sentence has been written, it
needs supporting evidence that will back it up. This comes in the form of the
paragraph's body, which usually consists of a few sentences giving further
explanation or providing evidence. In the Civil War paragraph, the body could
include statistics that demonstrate the devastation of the war, or the social
repercussions and racial divisions that followed. In the 正文 已经写好主题句后，还需要可靠的论据支持。从正文段落的形式来说，通常由几个句子做进一步的解释或列举事实。比如Civil War一文，正文部分的统计资料体现了战争的破坏性，社会的反响，以及随后的种族分裂。而在法国度假的文章，正文部分会具体描述作家在暑假期间发生的令人难忘的事件。
Concluding Sentence A paragraph needs to be rounded off nicely with a conclusion to maintain a coherent structure. The concluding sentence can do one of many things. It can restate the topic sentence in a new way. It can also summarize the evidence presented in the body, reminding the reader of its importance. In a more personal or narrative paragraph, the concluding sentence can place the paragraph's topic into a larger context, or reflect on possible future consequences. 结论 要使段落结构连贯，就需要以一个结论句完美地收尾。此外，结论还可以：换一种说法重申主题句；总结正文提出的论据，提醒读者其重要性。在写人记事的段落中，总结句可以升华段落的主题句，或者为后文埋下伏笔。
Overall Flow No matter how good the topic sentence, body and conclusion are, a paragraph's structure also depends on the flow of its language and sentences. One way to achieve flow is by using transitional words between sentences. After a topic sentence, you might begin a sentence with the word "firstly" to introduce the first piece of evidence. For a contradictory statement in the body, use the word "however" or "nonetheless" to begin a sentence. Give flow to the conclusion with the words "overall" or "in the end." 通畅连贯 即使主题句，正文或结论写得再好，一个段落的结构仍取决于语言和句子是否通畅连贯。要想使文章通顺，方法之一，是在句子之间使用过渡词。比如在主题句后，以“firstly（首先）”开头，介绍第一个事实论据。进行正反论述时，可以用“however（可是）”或“nonetheless（然而）”开头。以“overall（总之）”或“in the end（最后）”结尾，使文章完整通顺。
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