一题多变：看中考英语有多难——以2013黄冈市中考英语真题为例

一题多变：看中考英语有多难——以2013黄冈市中考英语真题为例

【真题再现】

【2013中考英语黄冈卷阅读理解（1）】

The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a best seller all over the world. It teaches people how to face changes in their lives. It is just for teens. The book tells us that when facing change in our life, like a new school or new friends, don’t be afraid. Use this change to make a better life.
The book gives an example of a change at school. A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too many students. Several teens are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But Chris is not. He laughs and tells a story about two mice, two“little people”and some cheese.
The four are in a maze(迷宫)looking for  The cheese. Here, cheese means some thing important in life. But they find the cheese is gone. The mice realize that they can’t change what has happened and have to find more cheese. This means finding different dreams. The little people can’t do this. They are afraid of change so they find no cheese.
After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing:to get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly. His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or feeling good about yourself.
【小题1】The book Who Moved My Cheese wants to teach us_______.

A．how to find the cheese	B．how to face changes
C．how to make a better life	D．how to do well in our study

【小题2】From the story, we can know that finding more cheese means_______.

A．finding more food	B．finding more friends
C．finding different dreams	D．feeling good about ourselves

【小题3】Why does Chris tell the story to his friends?

A．He wants to help his friends out.	B．He likes telling stories.
C．His friends like listening to stories.	D．His teacher asks him to do so.

 

【解析】

阅读理解的实质，其实是一个认知过程和交际过程。通俗地讲，就是结合读者（被试，受测者）自己的知识背景，对阅读材料进行预测、分析、归纳、整理、推理、判断和验证的过程，是阅读者（被试。受测者）与作者（或者出题者）进行交流，并在理解出题者的意图的基础上，作出合理的回应的过程。

从应试角度讲，英语的阅读理解跟汉语有很大差异：英语的阅读理解是信息型阅读，即读文章，找信息；而汉语的阅读理解则是属于审美鉴赏性的阅读。英语强调客观性思维和事实证据，汉语则强调了人的主观性因素，根据个人经历体验去赏析文章，易出现“一千个人眼里有一千个哈姆雷特”的现象，所以汉语考试没有标准答案，言之有理即可。

既然是获取信息，首先得明白，我们需要获取什么信息，考试中，这个不是我们个人决定的，而是试题要求（出题者）决定的。所以，相比较而言，懂得问题比读懂文章更重要，用数学的逻辑语言来说，就是懂问题是做对题的必要条件，而文章不一定也不必要全懂。

综观3个问题，我们发现，试题都是细节题，只需回文章定位就好。问题给了我们足够的暗示：Who Moved My Cheese教会我们面对变化；讲故事帮助朋友解决困惑。

该题是以《谁动了我的奶酪》为阅读背景的。

★解题过程如下：

抓出问题的关键词（定位词）：teach, finding more cheese, Chris, the story

定位文章

It teaches people how to face changes in their lives.

This means finding different dreams.

After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing:to get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly. His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or feeling good about yourself.
       得到答案B、C、A。

启示：

了解文章大意，不拘泥于个别词句；读懂问题，带着问题针对性地读文章，用问题的关键词回文章定位。★问题可以帮助我们理解文章！

做英语的阅读理解，客观思维是关键，答必有据！

要提升阅读理解能力，背景知识很重要，所以，同学们得广泛阅读。

以下变式训练，同学们自行完成。

【变式训练一】

完形填空

The American book “Who Moved My Cheese” has been a best seller all over the world. It teaches people how to face    1     in their lives.
The book tells us that when facing a change in our life, like a new school or new friends, don’t be afraid.   2  , use this change to make a better life. The book gives   3   of a change at school. A school is changing from having two semesters to three semesters because there are    4   students. Several teens are talking about this. Most of them are    5    and worried. But Chris is not. He laughs and tells a   6  about two mice, two little people and some cheese. The four are in a maze(迷宫)   7   the cheese. Here, cheese means something   8   in life. But they find the cheese is   9   . The   10    realize they can’t change what has happened and have to find more cheese, which means finding different   11   . The little people, however, can’t do this. They   12   change so they find no cheese.
   13   Chris finish the story, the friends understand one thing   14   . His friends understand   15   this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.
(    )1.A.friends         B.work            C.changes              D.goals
(    )2.A.However         B.Instead          C.Though              D.Then
(    )3.A.an example       B.a text           C.an experience          D.a picture
(    )4.A.too many       B.so few          C.much more           D.too much
(    )5.A.excited         B.funny            C.serious              D.unhappy
(    )6.A.film             B.story            C.lesson               D.meeting
(    )7.A.looking for        B.making room for   C.taking care of      D.making
(    )8.A,important         B.strange        C.interesting             D.magical
(    )9.A.cold             B.poor            C.gone                D.bad
(    )10.A.little people      B.mice            C.writer               D.group
(    )11.A.milk            B.drink            C.cheese              D.things
(    )12.A.are fed up with                         B.do well in    
              C.make their way                 D.are afraid of
(    )13.A.Before          B.Until            C.While                D.After
(    )14.A.silently            B.suddenly        C.quickly                D.happily

(    )15.A.what                 B.when           C.how                 D.who

 

【变式训练二】

 

完成短文。阅读下列文章，根据其内容，从后面的句子中选5个将文章补全，有两个选项是多余的。

The American book " Who Moved My Cheese" has been a best- seller all over the world.   1   .
Now its author Spence Johnson has written a book just for teenagers.
     The book tells us that when facing changes in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don't be afraid. Instead, use these changes to make a better life.
       2    A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too many students.
     Several teenagers are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But Chris laughs and tells a story about two mice, two little people and some cheese.  3     Here, cheese means something important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college.   4     The mice realize that they can't change what has happened and have to find more cheese.   5   The little people, however,can't do this. They are afraid of change so they find no cheese.
     After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing: to get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly . His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teenagers face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.

A.It tells a story which happened between mice and people.
B.It teaches people how to face changes in their lives.
C.But they find the cheese is gone.
D.However, some strange things happened in a school.
E.The book gives an example of a change at school.
F.The four are in a maze looking for the cheese.
G.This means finding different dreams