?13年12月四六级考纲关于翻译题有两点大纲变动,?1、句子翻译改为段落汉译英翻译?
考试范围由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、社会生活、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中国传统文化”，其中亮点就是新增了难度较大的文化领域。为此，针对传统文化，需要掌握以下文化语句的通用表达，必背16句!?
一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。?中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。??
Chinese?Dragon?totem?worship?in?China?has?been?around?for?the?last?8,000?years.?The?ancients?in?China?considered?the?dragon?(or?loong)?a?fetish?that?combines?animals?including?the?fish,?snake,?horse?and?ox?with?cloud,?thunder,?lightning?and?other?natural?celestial?phenomena.?The?Chinese?dragon?was?formed?in?accordance?with?the?multicultural?fusion?process?of?the?Chinese?nation.?To?the?Chinese,?the?dragon?signifies?innovation?and?cohesion.??
二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。?
Yangko?is?one?of?tradition?folk?dance?of?Han?in?China.?It?is?usually?performed?in?Northern?provinces.?The?dancers?usually?wear?colorful?and?light?costumes,?and?the?performance?is?powerful?and?rapid.?During?some?festivals?such?as?Spring?Festival,?Lantein?Festival,?if?people?hear?the?sound?of?drum?and?gong,?no?matter?how?cold?the?weather?is,?they?will?come?to?street?and?appreciate?the?Yangko.?Recent?years,?the?old??people?in?city?of?east-northern?of?China?organized?the?team?of?Yangko?by?themselves;?the?teamers?keep?their?health?by?dancing?Yangko?the?whole?year.??
?三、长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。?
The?Great?Wall?is?one?of?the?wonders?of?the?world?that?created?by?human?beings!?If?you?come?to?China?without?climbing?the?Great?Wall,?it''s?just?like?going?Paris?without?visiting?the?Eiffel?Tower;?or?going?to?Egypt?without?visiting?the?Pyramids!?Men?often?say,?"He?who?doest?not?reach?the?Great?Wall?is?not?a?true?man.”?In?fact,?it?began?as?independent?walls?for?different?states?when?it?was?first?built,?and?did?not?become?the?"Great?Wall"?until?the?Qin?Dynasty.?However,?the?wall?we?see?today,?starting?from?Shanhaiguan?Pass?in?the?east?to?Jiayunguan?Pass?in?the?west,?was?mostly?built?during?the?Ming?Dynasty.??
四、饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。?相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：?1）?擀皮、2）?备馅、3）?包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。?
Dumplingsare?one?of?the?Chinese?people’s?favorite?traditional?dishes.?According?to?an?ancient?Chinese?legend,?dumplings?were?first?made?by?the?medical?saint---Zhang?Zhongjing.?There?are?three?steps?involved?in?making?dumplings:?1)?make?dumpling?wrappers?out?of?dumpling?flour;?2)?prepare?the?dumpling?stuffing;?3)?make?dumplings?and?boil?them.?With?thin?and?elastic?dough?skin,?fresh?and?tender?stuffing,?delicious??taste,?and?unique?shapes,?dumplings?are?worth?eating?hundreds?of?times.?There’s?an?old?saying?that?claims,?“Nothing?could?be?more?delicious?than?dumplings”.?During?the?Spring?Festival?and?other?holidays?or?when?treating?relatives?and?friends,?Chinese?people?like?to?follow?the?auspicious?custom?of?eating?dumplings.?To?Chinese?people?who?show?high?reverence?for?family?love,?having?dumplings?at?the?moment?the?old?year?is?replaced?by?the?new?is?an?essential?part?of?bidding?farewell?to?the?old?and?ushering?in?the?New?Year.??
五、针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。?
Acupuncture?is?an?important?part?of?traditional?Chinese?medicine?(TCM).?In?accordance?with?the?“main?and?collateral?channels”?theory?in?TCM,?the?purpose?of?acupuncture?is?to?dredge?the?channel?and?regulate?qi?and?blood,?so?as?to?keep?the?body’s?yin?and?yang?balanced?and?achieve?reconciliation?between?the?internal?organs.?It?features?in?traditional?Chinese?medicine?that?“internal?diseases?are?to?be?treated?with?external?therapy”.?The?main?therapy?of?acupuncture?involves?using?needles?to?pierce?certain?acupoints?of?the?patient’s?body,?or?adopting?moxibustion?to?stimulate?the?patient’s?acupoints?so?as?to?stimulate?the?channels?and?relieve?pain.?With?its?unique?advantages,?acupuncture?has?been?handed?down?generation?after?generation?and?has?now?spread?all?over?the?world.?Nowadays,?acupuncture,?along?with?Chinese?food,?kung?fu?(otherwise?known?as?Chinese?martial?arts),?and?traditional?Chinese?medicine,?has?been?internationally?hailed?as?one?of?the?“four?new?national?treasures.”??
六、中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，?同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。?
Chinese?Kung?Fu?Chinese?kung?fu,?or?Chinese?martial?arts,?carries?traditional?Chinese?culture?in?abundance.?It?is?a?traditional?Chinese?sport?which?applies?the?art?of?attack?and?defense?in?combat?and?the?motions?engaged?with?a?series?of?skill?and?tricks.?The?core?idea?of?Chinese?king?fu?is?derived?from?the?Confucian?theory?of?both?“the?mean?and?harmony”?and?“cultivating?qi”?(otherwise?knownas?nourishing?one’s?spirit).?Meanwhile,?it?also?includes?thoughts?of?Taoism?and?Buddhism.?Chinese?kung?fu?has?a?long?history,?with?multi-various?sects?and?many?different?boxing?styles,?and?emphasizes?coupling?hardness?with?softness?and?internal?and?external?training.?It?contains?the?ancient?great?thinkers’?pondering?of?life?and?the?universe.?The?skills?in?wielding?the?18?kinds?of?weapons?named?by?the?later?generations?mainly?involve?the?skills?of?bare-handed?boxing,?such?as?shadow?boxing?(Taijiquan),?form?and?will?boxing?(Xingyiquan),?eight?trigram?palm?(Baguazhang),?and?the?skills?of?kung?fu?weaponry,?such?as?the?skill?of?using?swords,?spears,?two-edged?swords?and?halberds,?axes,?tomahawks,?kooks,?prongs?and?so?on.??
七、汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，?源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。?
Chinese?characters?were?initially?meant?to?be?simple?pictures?used?to?help?people?remember?things.?After?a?long?period?of?development,?it?finally?became?a?unique?character?system?that?embodies?phonetic?sound,?image,?idea,?and?rhyme?at?the?same?time.?The?writing?system,?which?was?extremely?advanced?in?ancient?times,?began?with?inscriptions?on?bones?and?tortoise?shells,?and?these?are?regarded?as?the?original?forms?of?Chinese?characters.?Afterwards,?Chinese?characters?went?through?numerous?calligraphic?styles:?bronze?inscriptions,?official?script,?regular?script,?cursive?script,?running?script,?etc.?Chinese?characters?are?usually?round?outside?and?square?inside,?which?is?rooted?in?ancient?Chinese?beliefs?of?an?orbicular?sky?and?a?rectangular?Earth.?The?five?basic?strokes?of?Chinese?characters?are?“---“?(the?horizontal?stroke)?“│”?(the?vertical?stroke),?“／”(?the?left-falling?stroke),?“＼”?(the?right-falling?stroke),?and?“乙”?(the?turning?stroke).??
????八、中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的?方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。?
Chinese?Chopsticks?The?Chinese?way?of?eating?with?chopsticks?is?unique?in?the?world.?The?recorded?history?of?chopsticks?started?more?than?three?thousand?years?ago.?Chopsticks?were?named?zhu?in?ancient?Chinese.?They?look?deceptively?simple?to?use,?but?possess?multi-various?functions,?such?as?clamping,?turning?over,?lifting?up,?raking,?stirring,?scooping,?poking,?tearing,?and?so?on.?Chopsticks?were?taken?as?an?auspicious?mascot?by?ordinary?people?in?ancient?China.?For?example,?the?partial?tone?of?chopsticks?is?often?used?by?people?as?a?metaphor?at?weddings?to?indicate?a?blessing?or?benediction?for?the?couple?to?have?a?baby?soon.?Unlike?using?a?knife?and?fork?or?one’s?own?hands,?a?pair?of?chopsticks?also?implies?the?meaning?of?“Harmony?is?what?matters”.?Chopsticks?are?highly?praised?by?Westerners?as?a?hallmark?of?ancient?oriental?civilization.??
九、印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色?钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。Chinese?Seal?A?seal?can?also?be?defined?as?a?stamp.?Both?the?Chinese?official?and?private?seal?of?various?dynasties?have?different?titles,?such?as?stamp,?zhu?note,?contract,?fu,?lease?and?others.?The?seals?used?by?the?emperors?of?ancient?China?were?called?xi,?yin,?bao,?etc.?According?to?historical?records,?seals?were?widely?used?during?the?Warring?States?Period?(475BC-221BC).?The?making?of?a?seal?is?to?engrave?fonts,?such?as?seal?characters?and?official?script?and?so?on;?or?images?in?the?form?of?intaglio?and?embossment?into?the?seal,?basically?shaped?as?round?or?square.?Covered?with?a?vermilion?overlay,?the?Chinese?seal?is?not?only?used?in?daily?life,?but?it?is?also?used?to?represent?signatures?on?paintings?and?calligraphies.?It?is?gradually?becoming?one?of?China’s?unique?artworks.??
十、天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。?
Chinese?Era?the?Chinese?era?is?the?symbol?that?the?Chinese?calendar?uses?for?recording?and?naming?years.?The?ten?Heavenly?Stems?are:?jia,?yi,?bing,?ding,?wu,?ji,?geng,?xin,?ren,?gui.?The?twelve?Earthly?Branches?are:?zi.chou,?yin,?mou,?chen,?si,?wu,?wei,?shen,?you,?xu,?hai.?After?observing?the?lunar?month,?the?ancients?found?that?the??moon?always?wazes?and?wanes?roughly?12?times?a?year,?and?two?lunar?months?account?for?about?60?days,?so?the?order?of?the?ten?Heavenly?Stems?and?the?order?of?the?twelve?Earthly?Branches?are?properly?matched?in?turn.?In?terms?of?recording?date,?60?years?is?considered?to?be?a?full?time?cycle.?The?Chinese?era?chronology?was?first?invented?in?ancient?times?and?is?still?in?use?now.?according?to?the?chronology?of?the?“ten?Heavenly?Stems,”?2011?is?the?year?of?“the?seventh?of?the?ten?Heavenly?Stems”?and?“?the?fifth?of?the?twelve?Earthly?Branches”.??
十一、京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，?是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。hinese?Beijing?Opera?Praised?as?“Oriental?Opera”,?Beijing?Opera?is?a?genuine?national?quintessence?of?China.?It?originated?from?many?kinds?of?ancient?local?operas,?especially?huiban?in?southern?China.?At?the?end?of?the?19th?Century,?Beijing?Opera?evolved?and?took?shape,?becoming?the?greatest?kind?of?opera?in?China.?Beijing?Opera?is?a?blend?of?performing?arts---song,?speech,?performance,?acrobatix?fighting?and?dance.?Beijing?Opera?portrays?and?narrates?the?plot?and?characters?through?stylized?acting.?The?main?types?of?roles?in?Beijing?Opera?are?sheng(male),?dan?(young?female),?jing?(painted?face,?male),?and?chou(?clown,?male?or?female).??
十二、道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。?
Chinese?Taoism?Taoism?first?originated?in?China.?The?founder?of?Taoism?is?Laozi,?a?philosopher?and?thinker?who?lived?in?the?late?Spring?and?Autumn?Period??(770BC-476BC).?Tao?Te?Ching?whose?authorship?has?been?attributed?to?Laozi,?is?considered?to?be?the?main?Taoist?classic.?Taoism?advocates?the?value?of?a?human?being’s?life,?recommends?the?discarding?of?all?desires?and?worries?from?one’s?mind,?and?encourages?the?cultivation?of?moral?character?and?the?nourishment?of?human?nature.?The?following?is?an?example?of?Laozi’s?golden?saying:?The?way?that?can?be?told?of?is?not?an?unvarying?way;?the?names?that?can?be?named?are?not?unvarying?names.?It?was?from?the?nameless?that?Heaven?and?Earth?sprang;?the?named?is?but?the?mother?that?rears?the?ten?thousand?creatures,?each?after?its?kind.?Truly,?only?he?that?rids?himself?forever?of?desire?can?see?the?secret?essences;?He?that?has?never?rid?himself?of?desire?can?see?only?the?outcomes.??
十三、中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。?
Chinese?idioms?refer?to?comprehensive?and?integrated?fixed?phrases?and?expressions.?Idioms?are?established?and?accepted?by?constant?usage?and?common?practice.?An?idiom?is?a?language?unit?that?is?larger?than?a?word,?but?has?the?same?grammatical?function?as?a?word.?Most?Chinese?idioms?consist?of?four?characters.?For?example,?ziqiangbuxi?(make?unremitting?efforts?to?improve?oneself),?
qingchuyulan(bluer?than?indigo),?and?houjibofa?(success?comes?with?time?and?effort).?Idioms?are?extrated?from?folk?proverbs,?ancient?works?of?literature,?poems,?fables,?allusions,?and?well-known?sayings.?Idioms?are?a?part?of?the?Chinese?language?that?are?concise?and?have?great?vitality.??
十四、中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中?国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。?
China?is?the?home?of?silk.?Mulberry?planting,?sericulture,?silk?reeling?and?thickening?are?all?great?inventions?of?the?ancient?Chinese.?As?early?as?the?Shang?and?Zhou?Dynasties?(1600BC-256BC),?the?Chinese?people’s?silk-weaving?techniques?had?reached?an?extremely?high?level.?During?the?Western?Han?Dynasty?(206BC-25AD),?Zhang?Qian,?an?outstanding?diplomat,?travelled?around?central?Asia?and?connected?China?with?the?Persian?Gulf?and?the?Mediterranean,?opening?up?a?new?era?of?Sino-foreign?trade,?exchange?and?communication.?From?then?on,?China’s?silk?became?well?known?for?its?extraordinary?quality,?exquisite?design?and?color,?and?abundant?culture?connotations.?Hitherto,?Chinese?silk?has?been?accepted?as?a?symbol?of?Chinese?culture?and?the?emissary?of?oriental?civilization.??
十五、中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。The?Chinese?classical?garden?is?a?precious?treasure?of?our?ancient?Chinese?architecture.?It?is?a?kind?of?environment?art,?which?systematically?combines?artificial?mountains?and?rivers,?plants?and?buildings?with?the?natural?landscape.?The?construction?standard?of?a?Chinese?classical?garden?is?“artificial?as?it?is,?the?garden?must?look?ingenious?and?natural.”?When?you?go?sightseeing?in?a?Chinese?classical?garden,?you?should?be?able?to?appreciate?its?artistic?concept?which?“makes?use?of?the?natural?landscape?to?create?the?real?fun?of?mountains?and?rivers?for?viewers.”?Of?the?world’s?three?major?garden?systems,?the?Chinese?classical?garden?is?hailed?as?one?of?the?origins?of?the?world’s?garden?due?to?its?long?history?and?abundant?connotations.??
十六、笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；?汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。?“文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。?
The?Four?Treasures?of?the?Study?The?writing?brush,?ink?stick,?ink?stone,?and?paper?were?requisite?treasures?in?the?study?of?the?scholars?of?ancient?China,?and?they?are?often?referred?to?as?the?“Four?Treasures?of?the?Study.”?The?writing?brush?and?ink?stick?have?been?used?by?the?Chinese?to?write?and?paint?since?5,000?years?ago.?In?the?Qin?Dynasty?(221BC---206BC),?people?already?used?feathers?of?different?hardness?and?bamboo?trunks?to?make?brushes.?During?the?Han?Dynasty?(206BC-220AD),?man-made?ink?was?used?instead?of?natural?ink.?After?paper?was?invented?by?the?Chinese,?bamboo?slips,?wooden?tablets,?brocade?and?silk,?which?originally?functioned?as?writing?surfaces,?gradually?faded?out.?The?ink?stone?was?first?developed?with?the?use?of?writing?brushes?and?ink.?After?the?Song?Dynasty?(960AD---1279AD),?the?“Four?Treasure?of?the?Study”?particularly?referred?to?hubi,?the?writing?brush?produced?in?Huzhou,?Zhejiang?province;?huimo,?the?ink?stick?produced?in?Huizhou,?Anhui?province;?xuan?paper,?a?kind?of?paper?produced?in?Xuanzhou,?Anhui?province;?and?duanyan,?the?ink?stone?made?in?Zhaoqing,?Guangdong?province?(Zhaoqing?was?earlier?called?Duanzhou).?Indeed,?the?Four?Treasures?of?the?Study”?have?writtin?the?whole?Chinese?civilization,?as?it?is.??
1、狮舞（Lion?Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（theTang?Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the?Lantern?Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。?
The?Lion?Dance?is?one?of?the?most?widespread?folk?dances?in?China.?The?lion?is?the?king?of?animals.?In?Chinese?tradition,?the?lion?is?regarded?as?a?mascot,?which??can?bring?good?luck.?Ancient?people?regarded?the?lion?as?a?symbol?of?braveness?and?strength,?which?could?drive?away?evil?and?protect?humans.?The?dance?has?a?recorded?history?of?more?than?2,000?years.?During?the?Tang?Dynasty,?the?Lion?Dance?was?already?introduced?into?the?royal?family?of?the?dynasty.?Therefore,?performing?the?lion?dance?at?the?Lantern?Festival?and?other?festive?occasions?became?a?custom?where?people?could?pray?for?good?luck,?safety?and?happiness.??
2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。?
China?will?develop?its?economy?further?and?open?itself?wider?to?the?outside?world,?which?offers?more?business?opportunities?to?overseas?enterprises.?Since?China’s?reform?and?opening?up,?Chinese?enterprises?have?been?cooperating?with?overseas?enterprises?in?terms?of?economy?and?technology,?and?have?scored?great?achievement.?Overseas?enterprises?have?not?only?helped?Chinese?enterprises?with?their?growth,?but?also?benefited?from?the?cooperation.?Chinese?government?will?continue?to?offer?favorable?policies?and?conditions?to?promote?the?further?cooperation?between?Chinese?and?overseas?enterprises.??
3、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。?
?The?phenomenon?of?holiday?economy?shows?that?Chinese?people’s?consumption?concept?is?undertaking?great?changes.?According?to?statistics,?the?demands?of?Chinese?consumers?are?shifting?from?the?basic?necessities?of?life?to?leisure,?comfort?and?personal?development.?Therefore,?the?structure?of?products?should?be?adjusted?accordingly?to?adapt?to?social?development.?On?the?other?hand,?services?should?be?improved?to?satisfy?people’s?demand?for?an?improved?quality?of?life.??
4、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous?dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。?
The?Duanwu?Festival,?also?called?the?Dragon?Boat?Festival,?is?to?commemorate?the?patriotic?poet?Qu?Yuan.?Qu?Yuan?was?a?loyal?and?highly?esteemed?minister,?who?brought?peace?and?prosperity?to?the?state?but?ended?up?drowning?himself?in?a?river?as?a?result?of?being?vilified.?People?got?to?the?spot?by?boat?and?cast?glutinous?dumplings?into?the?water,?hoping?that?the?fishes?ate?the?dumplings?instead?of?Qu?Yuan’s?body.?For?thousands?of?years,?the?festival?has?been?marked?by?glutinous?dumplings?and?dragon?boat?races,?especially?in?the?southern?provinces?where?there?are?many?rivers?and?lakes.?
5、2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(theTiangon-1?laboratory?module)?执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了?在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。?
On?June?20,?2013,?an?estimated?600?thousand?school?children?and?their?teachers?across?China?watched?a?science?lesson?taught?from?300km?above?the?Earth?by?astronaut?Wang?Yaping.?Wang?is?aboard?theTiangong-1?laboratory?module?with?two?crewmates,?for?a?two-week?mission.?Her?lessons?were?a?series?of?physics?demonstrations?in?the?space.?In?some?demonstrations,?she?compared?with?the?same?experiment?under?the?one-gravity?environment?on?Earth.?The?lesson?has?not?only?offered?children?a?physics?lesson?with?knowledge?and?interest,?but?also?shows?the?advance?in?communication?technology?of?China.??
??6?、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。?
Shanghai?is?a?dynamic,?diverse?and?stimulating?city?-?the?very?epitome?of?modern?China.?Though?Shanghai?cannot?rival?Beijing?in?cultural?heritage,?its?varied?architectural?styles?and?cosmopolitan?feel?give?it?a?charm?of?its?own.?Today''s?Shanghai?has?become?a?world-famous?international?metropolis.?A?walk?through?this?booming?city?reveals?many?glimpses?of?its?colorful?past.?Hidden?amongst?the?skyscrapers?are?remains?of?the?original?Shanghai.They?keep?on?showing?how?Shanghai?has?been?developing?fast?and?enormously?since?its?opening?as?a?commercial?port?in?the?late?19th?century,?especially?after?the?founding?of?new?China.?
?7、近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。?
In?modern?times,?Asia?experienced?twists?and?turns?in?its?development.?To?change?their?destiny,?the?people?of?Asia?have?been?forging?ahead?in?an?indomitable?spirit?and?with?hard?struggle.?Asia’s?development?achievements?today?are?the?result?of?the?persistent?efforts?of?the?industrious?and?talented?Asian?people.?The?people?of?Asia?are?fully?aware?that?there?is?no?ready?model?or?unchanging?path?of?development?that?is?universally?applicable.?They?never?shy?away?from?reform?and?innovation.?Instead,?they?are?committed?to?exploring?and?finding?development?paths?that?are?in?line?with?the?trend?of?the?times?and?their?own?situations,?and?have?opened?up?bright?prospects?for?economic?and?social?development.??
8、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。?
Smoking?does?great?harm?to?human?and?its?gravity?should?not?be?underestimated.?Smoking?pollutes?air,?damages?health,?and?increases?the?incidence?of?lung?cancer.?To?arouse?the?awareness?about?the?prevalence?of?tobacco?in?all?the?countries?and?to?prevent?smoking-induced?diseases?and?deaths,?the?WHO?(World?Health?Organization)?has?defined?May?31stin?every?year?as?World?No-Tobacco?Day.?The?tobacco?addicts?say?that?smoking?is?impossible?to?quit?because?they?could?do?without?meals?in?a?day?but?would?feel?tortured?without?tobacco?in?two?hours.?However,?when?one?realizes?that?smoking?is?harmful?in?many?ways?but?beneficial?in?no?way?and?that?it?is?a?curse?toothers?as?well?as?to?he?himself,?he?will?be?determined?to?resist?the?temptation?of?tobacco.?To?quit?smoking?requires?persistence?and?so?long?as?one?persists,?he’ll?be?rewarded.??
9、越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。?
An?increasing?number?of?English-educated?Chinese?parents?overseas?have?come?to?the?realization?that?while?English?learning?is?indispensable?to?their?children,?it?is?essential?that?their?kids?have?a?good?command?of?Chinese.?China’s?rise?has?fully?awakened?their?awareness?of?the?fact?that?their?kids?can?benefit?from?their?bilingual?ability?which?can?not?only?enhance?their?competitiveness?in?the?job?market,?but?also?facilitate?their?exposure?to?and?familiarity?with?the?two?different?cultures?between?the?East?and?the?West.?They?have?hardly?changed?their?attitudes?towards?Chinese.?At?one?time?they?proudly?declared?that?they?knew?English?only.?Now,?they?have?begun?to?give?full?support?to?their?kids?learning?Chinese?and?its?culture,?and?they?also?make?occasional?visits?to?China,?where?they?can?enjoy?its?magnificent?natural?landscape?and?get?to?know?its?rich?cultural?heritage.??
?10、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义、性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，对此我们不能视而不见。//?相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。//?在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里，不再有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。//?因此，我们彼此之间无须冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作，平等互补的关系。我们应该相互理解，相互学习，和睦共处。?
I?share?the?same?view?with?many?East?Asian?scholars?that?the?Oriental?civilization?can?heal?some?of?the?prevailing,?stubborn?Western?ills.?We?should?not?turn?a?blind?eye?to?the?fact?that?individual?freedom?has?gone?overboard?in?the?West,?resulting?in?extreme?individualism,?sexual?promiscuity?and?excessive?use?of?violence.//?By?contrast,?self-discipline,?corporate?responsibility?and?the?pacific?tradition?of?East?Asia?can?offset?many?Western?vices.//?At?this?age?of?information,?the?world?has?shrunk?as?a?global?village?in?which?there?will?be?no?clear-cut?worlds?of?the?East?and?the?West?any?more,?but?a?world?of?one?community?with?neighboring?families.//?Therefore,?we?do?not?necessarily?have?to?come?into?clash?with?each?other.?Our?relationship?is?one?of?friendly?cooperation,?equality?and?mutual?complementarity?and?therefore,?we?should?understand?and?learn?from?each?other,?and?live?in?harmony.??
11、国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。//?就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4?万家，投资额达450?亿美元。//?美国500?强企业有400?多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同?时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000?家。//?我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。//?
Equality?and?mutual?benefit?is?the?fundamental?principle?of?international?trade.?Therefore,?it?is?normal?that?countries?will?seek?to?protect?their?own?interests,?which?may?lead?to?trade?frictions?and?disputes.?The?key?lies?in?how?to?cope?with?these?issues?correctly?in?a?cool?and?wise?manner.//?As?for?China-US?trade,?mutually?beneficial?and?win-win?trade?and?economic?ties?have?delivered?tangible?economic?benefits?to?the?two?peoples.?Now,?with?over?40,000?U.S.-?invested?enterprises,?the?total?investment?in?China?stands?at?$45?billion.//?Of?the?top?500?U.S?companies,?more?than?400?have?their?business?in?China,?and?most?of?them?are?making?handsome?profit.?At?the?same?time,?many?Chinese?commodities?have?become?favored?choices?of?American?consumers.?Meanwhile,?the?number?of?Chinese-invested?enterprises?in?the?United?Sates?has?surpassed?1,000.//?We?predict?that?trade?disputes?between?China?and?the?United?States?will?become?more?acute?along?with?the?further?development?in?bilateral?trade?and?economic?cooperation.?The?overall?development?in?bilateral?trade?and?economic?cooperation?is,?however,?irreversible.?There?are?two?factors?contribute?to?this?trend.?Firstly,?the?Sino-U.S.?economic?and?trade?relations?enjoy?complementarities?in?vast?fields.?Secondly,?China?has?an?outstanding?labor?cost?advantage.//??
12、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。//?我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。//?为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知?名高等学府和研究机构进修，//?根据我们的发展战略，我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。?
The?China?International?Publishing?Group?is?the?largest?and?the?most?authoritative?foreign?language?publishing?and?distribution?establishment,?its?predecessor?being?the?International?Press?Bureau?of?the?Central?People''s?Government?Press?and?Publication?Administration.//Adhering?to?the?publishing?philosophy?of?“assisting?China''s?march?to?the?world?and?facilitating?world''s?understanding?of?China”,?the?Group?commits?itself?entirely?to?promoting?foreign?language?education?and?research?in?China?and?advancing?cultural?exchanges?between?China?and?foreign?countries.//?In?order?to?build?up?a?strong?team?of?publishing?staff,?as?well?as?to?meet?the?growing?need?of?more?technically?demanding?business,?the?Group?makes?it?a?rule?that?young?staff?be?selected?and?sent?to?noted?universities?and?research?institutions,?both?domestic?and?overseas,?for?further?studies.//?As?is?clearly?spelled?out?in?our?new?development?strategy,?we?will?go?beyond?our?national?boundaries?and?wedge?ourselves?into?the?world?circulation?market,?aiming?at?the?international?readership.?Our?initial?efforts?have?been?very?rewarding.//??
13、改革开放30?年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。//?通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。//?作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。?
?As?China?is?rising?as?a?political?and?economic?world?power,?thanks?to?its?three-decade?reform?and?opening?up,?more?and?more?people?in?overseas?countries?start?to?learn?Chinese?and?turn?to?a?Confucius?Institute?in?their?own?countries?as?their?first?choice?learning?Chinese?language?and?Chinese?culture.//?During?the?learning?process,?the?learners?concurrently?develop?their?interest?in?this?ancient?land,?whose?civilization?is?so?vastly?different?from?theirs.?And?the?learners?have?opportunities?to?learn?about?Chinese?philosophy,?art,?architecture,?medicine?and?catering?culture?and?experience?first-hand?the?splendors?of?this?venerable?civilization.//?As?the?second?culture,?Chinese?culture?has?enriched?the?life?and?world?outlook?of?the?learners.?This?trend,?so?to?speak,?is?gathering?momentum?and?is?there?to?stay.?Apart?from?their?love?for?Chinese?cuisine,?more?and?more?American?learners?of?Chinese?language?are?turning?to?Chinese?acupuncture?,herbal?medicines,?martial?arts.//?They?are?also?interested?in?kongfu?films,?fashions?and?crafts.?Seemingly?outlandish?words?such?as?dim?sum,?ginseng,?gingko,?oolong?cha?have?crept?into?their?everyday?language.?The?latest?Chinese?cultural?icons?to?make?its?impact?there?are?Taoism,?and?ancient?school?of?thought,?and?fengshui,?an?ancient?art?of?placement.//?14、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。//?
Shanghai?cuisine,?usually?called?Benbang?cuisine,?is?the?youngest?among?the?major?regional?cuisines?in?China,?with?a?history?of?more?than?400?years.?Like?all?other?Chinese?regional?cuisines,?Benbang?cuisines?takes?“color,?aroma?and?taste”?as?its??essential?quality?elements.//Shanghai?cuisine?emphasizes?in?particular?the?expert?use?of?seasonings,?the?selection?of?raw?materials?with?quality?texture,?and?original?flavors.?Shanghai?cuisine?is?famous?for?a?special?snack?known?as?Nanxiang?Steamed?Meat?Dumplings?and?a?special?dish?called?“Squirrel-Shaped?Mandarin?Fish”.//Nanxiang?Steamed?Meat?Dumplings?are?small?in?size,?with?thin?and?translucent?wrappers,?filled?inside?with?ground?pork?and?rich?tasty?soup.?Squirrel-Shaped?Mandarin?Fish?is?yellow-colored?and?squirrel-shaped,?with?a?crispy?skin?and?tender?meat,?all?covered?with?a?sweet?and?sour?source.//After?tasting?Squirrel-Shaped?Mandarin?Fish,?we?are?always?amazed?by?the?squirrel?shape?and?think?that?it?is?more?appropriate?to?plus?“appearance”?as?the?fourth?element.??
15、美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。//在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主旋律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。//美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐。//现在，中美联系比以往更加紧密，中国人学英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，《泰坦尼克》驶进中国，《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。//?
American?people?emphasize?efficiency,?competition?and?originality?while?Chinese?people?give?priority?to?careful?planning?and?encourage?close?cooperation?and?altruistic?dedication?among?team?members.//In?American?schools,?discussion?is?given?top?priority?while?Chinese?teachers?like?to?lecture?in?class,?and?a?lot?of?them?are?obsessed?with?examinations.?They?write?consistent?and?standardized?teaching?plans,?and?are?happy?with?bringing?up?identical?and?standardized?talents.//Central?to?American?political,?economic?and?social?thought?is?the?concept?of?individual?moral?autonomy.?Traditional?Chinese?philosophical?systems?are?based?on?Confucianism,??which?sings?high?praises?for?communal?harmony.//Nowadays,?the?relation?of?China?and?America?become?closer?than?ever.?Chinese?learn?English,?play?bowling,?enjoy?KFC,?while?Americans?learn?Chinese,?exercise?Kung?Fu,?like?Peking?Duck.?And?Titanic?sailed?into?China,?while?The?Peony?Pavilion?has?been?performed?on?Broadway.//?
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