Maven构建应用程序常用配置

Maven构建应用程序常用配置 | 简单之美

旭龙 2013-12-24

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使用Maven来构建应用程序，可以非常方便地管理应用相关的资源。众所周知，应用程序中涉及到的一些依赖关系，如Java应用程序依赖jar文件，如果只是手动找到相应的资源，可能需要花费一些时间。而且，即使已经积累了库文件，在未来应用程序升级以后，还要考虑到依赖库文件的升级情况，再次搜索收集。
还有一个问题，对应用程序依赖文件的管理是个非常复杂工作，占用存储空间不说，还可能因为应用之间的版本问题导致依赖冲突。使用Maven的pom模型来构建应用程序，可以更加有效地的管理，而且配置内容非常清晰（有时多了，可能pom文件显得有点臃肿）。
下面将常用的Maven配置，整理如下，以备参考。首先，整理一个简单的目录，作为快速查询之用：

设置字符集
拷贝src/main/resources/资源文件
编译代码
、编译打包成jar文件
构建测试用例配置
输出依赖jar文件到指定目录
配置指定的repository
将应用及其依赖jar文件打成一个jar文件

具体配置的详细内容，如下所示：

1、设置字符集

1<properties>
2    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
3</properties>

在需要设置字符集的地方，引用${project.build.sourceEncoding}即可。

2、拷贝src/main/resources/资源文件

01<build>
02    <pluginManagement>
03        <plugins>
04            <plugin>
05                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
06                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
07                <version>2.5</version>
08                <executions>
09                    <execution>
10                        <id>copy-resources</id>
11                        <phase>package</phase>
12                        <goals>
13                            <goal>copy-resources</goal>
14                        </goals>
15                        <configuration>
16                            <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
17                            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
18                            <resources>
19                                <resource>
20                                    <directory>src/main/resources/</directory>
21                                    <includes>
22                                        <include>*.properties</include>
23                                        <include>*.xml</include>
24                                    </includes>
25                                    <filtering>true</filtering>
26                                </resource>
27                            </resources>
28                        </configuration>
29                    </execution>
30                </executions>
31            </plugin>
32        </plugins>
33    </pluginManagement>
34</build>

3、编译代码

01<build>
02    <pluginManagement>
03        <plugins>
04            <plugin>
05                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
06                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
07                <version>2.5</version>
08                <configuration>
09                    <source>1.7</source>
10                    <target>1.7</target>
11                </configuration>
12            </plugin>
13        </plugins>
14    </pluginManagement>
15</build>

可以指定源代码编译级别。

4、编译打包成jar文件

01<build>
02    <pluginManagement>
03        <plugins>
04            <plugin>
05                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
06                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
07                <executions>
08                    <execution>
09                        <phase>package</phase>
10                        <goals>
11                            <goal>jar</goal>
12                        </goals>
13                        <configuration>
14                            <classifier>without-configs</classifier>
15                            <excludes>
16                                <exclude>*.properties</exclude>
17                                <exclude>*.xml</exclude>
18                            </excludes>
19                        </configuration>
20                    </execution>
21                </executions>
22            </plugin>
23    </pluginManagement>
24</build>

可以指定打包后jar文件的文件名后缀，同时可以设置是否将配置文件也打包到jar文件中。

5、构建测试用例配置

01<build>
02    <pluginManagement>
03        <plugins>
04            <plugin>
05                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
06                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
07                <version>2.9</version>
08                <configuration>
09                    <skip>true</skip>
10                    <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>
11                </configuration>
12            </plugin>
13        </plugins>
14    </pluginManagement>
15</build>

构建应用时，可以配置是否执行测试用例代码，也可以配置如果测试用例未通过是否忽略。

6、输出依赖jar文件到指定目录

01<build>
02    <pluginManagement>
03        <plugins>
04            <plugin>
05                <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
06                <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
07                <version>1.0.0</version>
08                <configuration>
09                    <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
10                        <pluginExecutions>
11                            <pluginExecution>
12                                <pluginExecutionFilter>
13                                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
14                                    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
15                                    <versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>
16                                    <goals>
17                                        <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
18                                        <goal>unpack</goal>
19                                    </goals>
20                                </pluginExecutionFilter>
21                                <action>
22                                    <ignore />
23                                </action>
24                            </pluginExecution>
25                        </pluginExecutions>
26                    </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
27                </configuration>
28            </plugin>
29        </plugins>
30    </pluginManagement>
31    <plugins>
32        <plugin>
33            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
34            <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
35            <version>2.8</version>
36            <executions>
37                <execution>
38                    <id>copy-dependencies</id>
39                    <phase>package</phase>
40                    <goals>
41                        <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
42                    </goals>
43                    <configuration>
44                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
45                        <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>
46                        <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>
47                        <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
48                    </configuration>
49                </execution>
50            </executions>
51        </plugin>
52    </plugins>
53</build>

上面，和pluginManagement并列的plugins元素中配置的是拷贝依赖jar文件到target/lib目录下面，如果在Eclipse中出现maven-dependency-plugin (goals “copy-dependencies”, “unpack”) is not supported by m2e错误，上面pluginManagement元素中的配置，可以解决这个错误提示。

7、配置指定的repository

1<repositories>
2    <repository>
3        <id>cloudera</id>
4        <url>https://repository./artifactory/cloudera-repos/</url>
5    </repository>
6</repositories>

如果我们需要要的一些依赖jar文件在maven中央repository中没有，可以在pom文件中配置特定的repository，一般需要配置id和url。

8、将应用及其依赖jar文件打成一个jar文件

01<build>
02    <plugins>
03        <plugin>
04            <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
05            <configuration>
06                <archive>
07                    <manifest>
08                        <mainClass>org.shirdrn.solr.cloud.index.hadoop.SolrCloudIndexer</mainClass>
09                    </manifest>
10                </archive>
11                <descriptorRefs>
12                    <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
13                </descriptorRefs>
14            </configuration>
15            <executions>
16                <execution>
17                    <id>make-assembly</id>
18                    <phase>package</phase>
19                    <goals>
20                        <goal>single</goal>
21                    </goals>
22                </execution>
23            </executions>
24        </plugin>
25    </plugins>
26</build>