什么是交叉编译器？
为什么叫“交叉编译器”（cross compiler），就是因为它跨平台来编译程序！做交叉编译器要弄清楚3个概念：host, build, target：
build -- 你在什么平台上编译的这个编译器
host -- 这个编译器将来要在什么平台上运行
target -- 编译器最终会生成在哪个平台上执行的可执行代码
这里我可以给个例子 build=i386 host=sparc64 target=mips32 表示我们在x86平台上编译了一个在sparc64平台上运行的编译器，它将源码编译生成了要在mips32平台上运行的可执行程序。
描述一个平台，通常使用三元组：arch-vendor-os, 比如i386-redhat-linux 表示x86平台，生产商是redhat，而使用的os是linux。
制作交叉编译器的基本流程
如果你之前没有做过交叉编译器，那我来告诉你好了，这将是一个痛苦的过程，不要想得像在linux下简单编译个程序那样，你将遇到一个又一个的错误，而且一时之间你解决不了，而且有些根本就不是你的错误，所以要是有现成的，就不要自己去做。
基本过程分为4步：
编译binutils：这个一般都没有问题的。
编译bootstrap的gcc：这个也比较容易，这一步是为编译glibc准备的
编译glibc：这个最容易出错，因为你需要为它准备kernel的头文件，而且有时候需要打patch
重新编译gcc：告诉配置文件刚才编译的glibc的位置，这样在最终编译一个能够自动找到库和头文件的交叉编译器。
我的实践
写这篇文站的目的主要是想把这个写出来，以便于以后自己在需要的就不用找那些资料了，照着这个重做一遍就是了，可是转念一想，我做的那些交叉编译器，我已经备份了，而且我的做法就是按照 http://documents./cross-lfs/mips64/ 这上面来的，他们经常有更新，而且解释也比较详细，干脆给大家这个网址，自己按照上面的步骤一步步来就是了，如果上面网址不能访问就动用搜索引擎，搜索“cross-lfs”或者“clfs”，应该能找到。
这里还是给出我写的一个脚本,首先假定你已经到 http://documents./cross-lfs/ 网站上把所需要的软件包和patch（binutils, gcc, glibc等）都下载下来了，接下来的工作便可以交给我写的这个脚本去完成了，当然你也可以按照你的要求改动一些变量值来满足你。
#!/bin/bash
CROSSTOOL_PATH=/opt/crossgcc
KEREL_PATH=/work/lirui/tarball/crossgcc/linux-2.6.16.8
TARBALL_PATH=/work/lirui/tarball/crossgcc
TOOL_SRC_PATH=/work/lirui/tarball/crossgcc/src
BUILD_PATH=/work/lirui/builds
BINUTILS_VER=binutils-2.16.92
GCC_VER=gcc-4.1.0
GLIBC_VER=glibc-2.4
unset CFLAGS
unset CXXFLAGS
export LFS_HOST="`echo ${MACHTYPE} | sed -e 's/unknown/cross/g' -e 's/-pc-/-cross-/g'`"
# For a MIPS Little Endian Machine:
export LFS_TARGET="mips64el-unknown-linux-gnu"
# For a MIPS Big Endian Machine:
# export LFS_TARGET="mips64-unknown-linux-gnu"
export LFS_TARGET32="`echo ${LFS_TARGET}| sed -e 's/64//g'`"
export BUILD32="-mabi=32"
export BUILDN32="-mabi=n32"
export BUILD64="-mabi=64"
# prepare kernel-headers
cd ${KEREL_PATH}/include
mkdir -pv ${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/include
cp -Rv asm-mips ${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/include/asm
cp -Rv asm-generic ${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/include
cp -Rv linux ${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/include
# step 1) build binutils
cd {TOOL_SRC_PATH}
tar jxf {TARBALL_PATH}/{BINUTILS_VER}.tar.bz2
cd ${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${BINUTILS_VER}
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${BINUTILS_VER}-posix-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${BINUTILS_VER}-genscripts_multilib-1.patch
mkdir -pv ${BUILD_PATH}/build-binutils
cd ${BUILD_PATH}/build-binutils
${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${BINUTILS_VER}/configure --prefix=${CROSSTOOL_PATH} /
--host=${LFS_HOST} --target=${LFS_TARGET} --with-lib-path=${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/lib /
--disable-nls --enable-shared --enable-64-bit-bfd
make configure-host
make
if [ $? == "" ]; then
echo "build binutils successfully!"
cp ${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${BINUTILS_VER}/include/libiberty.h ${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/include
make install
else
echo "build binutils failed!"
exit
fi
export PATH=${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/bin:${PATH}
# step 2) build bootstrap gcc
cd ${TOOL_SRC_PATH}
tar jxvf ${TARBALL_PATH}/${GCC_VER}.tar.bz2
cd ${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${GCC_VER}
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${GCC_VER}-specs-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${GCC_VER}-posix-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${GCC_VER}-cross_search_paths-1.patch
echo "
#undef STARTFILE_PREFIX_SPEC
#define STARTFILE_PREFIX_SPEC /"/opt/crossgcc/lib//"" >> gcc/config/linux.h
cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.orig}
sed -e "s@/(^CROSS_SYSTEM_HEADER_DIR =/).*@/1 /opt/crossgcc/include@g" /
gcc/Makefile.in.orig > gcc/Makefile.in
mkdir -pv ${BUILD_PATH}/build-gcc
cd ${BUILD_PATH}/build-gcc
${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${GCC_VER}/configure --prefix=${CROSSTOOL_PATH} /
--host=${LFS_HOST} --target=${LFS_TARGET} --with-local-prefix=${CROSSTOOL_PATH} /
--disable-nls --disable-shared --disable-threads /
--enable-languages=c
make all-gcc
if [ $? == "" ]; then
echo "build bootstrap gcc successfully!"
make install-gcc
else
echo "build bootstrap gcc failed!"
exit
fi
# step 3) build glibc abi=32
cd ${TOOL_SRC_PATH}
tar ${TARBALL_PATH}/${GLIBC_VER}.tar.bz2
cd ${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${GLIBC_VER}
tar ${TARBALL_PATH}/glibc-ports-2.4.tar.bz2
mv -v glibc-ports-2.4 ports
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${GLIBC_VER}-mips_fixes-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${GLIBC_VER}-libgcc_eh-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${GLIBC_VER}-localedef_segfault-1.patch
cp -v nscd/Makefile{,.orig}
sed -e "/nscd_stat.o: sysincludes = # nothing/d" nscd/Makefile.orig > /
nscd/Makefile
mkdir -pv ${BUILD_PATH}/build-glibc
cd ${BUILD_PATH}/build-glibc
echo "libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes" > config.cache
echo "libc_cv_c_cleanup=yes" >> config.cache
BUILD_CC="gcc" CC="${LFS_TARGET}-gcc ${BUILD32}" /
AR="${LFS_TARGET}-ar" RANLIB="${LFS_TARGET}-ranlib" /
${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${GLIBC_VER}/configure --prefix=${CROSSTOOL_PATH} /
--host=${LFS_TARGET32} --build=${LFS_HOST} /
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons /
--with-tls --enable-kernel=2.6.0 --with-__thread /
--with-binutils=${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/bin --with-headers=${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/include /
--cache-file=config.cache
make
if [ $? == "" ]; then
echo "build glibc abi=32 successfully!"
make install
else
echo "build glibc abi=32 failed!"
exit
fi
# step 4) build glibc abi=n32
cd ${BUILD_PATH}/build-glibc && rm -rf ./*
echo "libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes" > config.cache
echo "libc_cv_c_cleanup=yes" >> config.cache
echo "slibdir=/opt/crossgcc/lib32" >> configparms
BUILD_CC="gcc" CC="${LFS_TARGET}-gcc ${BUILDN32}" /
AR="${LFS_TARGET}-ar" RANLIB="${LFS_TARGET}-ranlib" /
${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${GLIBC_VER}/configure --prefix=${CROSSTOOL_PATH} /
--host=${LFS_TARGET32} --build=${LFS_HOST} /
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons /
--with-tls --enable-kernel=2.6.0 --with-__thread /
--with-binutils=${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/bin --with-headers=${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/include /
--cache-file=config.cache --libdir=${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/lib32
make
if [ $? == "" ]; then
echo "build glibc abi=n32 successfully!"
make install
else
echo "build glibc abi=n32 failed!"
exit
fi
# step 5) build glibc abi=64
cd ${BUILD_PATH}/build-glibc && rm -rf ./*
echo "libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes" > config.cache
echo "libc_cv_c_cleanup=yes" >> config.cache
echo "slibdir=/crossgcc/lib64" >> configparms
BUILD_CC="gcc" CC="${LFS_TARGET}-gcc ${BUILD64}" /
AR="${LFS_TARGET}-ar" RANLIB="${LFS_TARGET}-ranlib" /
${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${GLIBC_VER}/configure --prefix=${CROSSTOOL_PATH} /
--host=${LFS_TARGET32} --build=${LFS_HOST} /
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons /
--with-tls --enable-kernel=2.6.0 --with-__thread /
--with-binutils=${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/bin --with-headers=${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/include /
--cache-file=config.cache --libdir=${CROSSTOOL_PATH}/lib64
make
if [ $? == "" ]; then
echo "build glibc abi=64 successfully!"
make install
else
echo "build glibc abi=64 failed!"
exit
fi
# step 6) rebuild gcc finally
cd ${TOOL_SRC_PATH} && rm -rf ${GCC_VER}
tar jxvf ${TARBALL_PATH}/${GCC_VER}.tar.bz2
cd ${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${GCC_VER}
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${GCC_VER}-PR20425-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${GCC_VER}-specs-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${GCC_VER}-posix-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ${TARBALL_PATH}/patches/${GCC_VER}-cross_search_paths-1.patch
echo "
#undef STARTFILE_PREFIX_SPEC
#define STARTFILE_PREFIX_SPEC /"/opt/crossgcc/lib32//"" >> gcc/config/linux.h
cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.orig}
sed -e "s@/(^CROSS_SYSTEM_HEADER_DIR =/).*@/1 /opt/crossgcc/include@g" /
gcc/Makefile.in.orig > gcc/Makefile.in
mkdir -pv ${BUILD_PATH}/build-gcc
cd ${BUILD_PATH}/build-gcc
${TOOL_SRC_PATH}/${GCC_VER}/configure --prefix=${CROSSTOOL_PATH} /
--host=${LFS_HOST} --target=${LFS_TARGET} --with-local-prefix=${CROSSTOOL_PATH} /
--disable-nls --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix /
--enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-c99 --enable-long-long /
--enable-languages="c,c++,fortran"
make AS_FOR_TARGET="${LFS_TARGET}-as" LD_FOR_TARGET="${LFS_TARGET}-ld"
if [ $? == "" ]; then
echo "build gcc successfully!"
make install
else
echo "build gcc failed!"
exit
fi
echo "++++++++++++++++++++ALL IS DONE!+++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
网络资源
如果你用google或者百度进行搜索“交叉编译器”这个关键字的话，能够找到很多的文章，但是可以告诉你的是，大部分对于你来说都没有用，也包括我这篇（除非你的环境和我很相似）。但是还是要给大家一个网络资源的列表，多少还是能有些帮助的：
http://www./ 这个站点维护了linux对mips架构的支持，以及对于mips各类cpu的介绍。
http://trac./ 这个站点会告诉你如何从源码编译一个linux系统出来，当然也包括了如何制作交叉编译器
http://documents./cross-lfs/mips64-64/index.html Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch 这个站点比较好，我的制作流程就是按照这个来的
http://documents./cross-lfs/mips64/ 这个讲述了如何制作支持多个abi标注的库的交叉编译器
http:///crosstool/ 这个网站提供了一个自动化的工具crosstool，他可以自动帮你，但是对于我好像是不好使的，如果对于你能用的话，那是再好不过的了。
http:///crash/mirror/www.objsw.com/CrossGCC/ crossGcc
本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/colin719/archive/2006/05/27/758000.aspx
