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1. accept ——I received his invitation but I didn’taccept vt. 接受；同意；承担(责任等) vi. 接受
复习： 【词语辨析】receive/ accept（1） receive重在表示接受的动作、过程；（2）而accept则表示本人愿意接受，带有明显的主观色彩。（3）一句话记忆：She received a bookfrom him as a gift, but she didn'taccept it. 单词变形： 变 adj：accepted 公认的 变adj：unaccepted 未被接纳的；被拒绝的 变adj：acceptable合意的；受欢迎的；可接受的 例句：If these terms are notacceptableto you, we may suggest others. 反义词：unacceptable 不能接受的；不受欢迎的 例句：In my opinion, the proposal is quiteunacceptable. 变n：acceptance 认可；同意；承兑；接受（礼物、邀请、建议等） 例句：The idea rapidly gained acceptancein political circles
2. achieve——He hopes to achieve all the aims soon. v.完成；达到；实现（achieve有暗示“成功所需付出的努力”的意思） 例句： I've achieved only half of what I'd hoped to do. Work hard, and you will achieve your goal. You will achieve your ambition if you work hard. 单词变形： 变adj: achievable 可以达到的 变adj: achieved 获得的；达到的；实现的 变n: achievement 成就；成绩；完成；达到 变n: achiever 成功者；有成就的人
3. advise——Myteacher advised me to do more reading . vt.劝告；通知；忠告；建议 vi.提建议 例句： Theyadvised her against marrying quickly. Pleaseadvise us when the goods are dispatched. He canadvise on how to learn English well. 单词变形： 变n：advice 建义，劝告；信息 短语： 1.a piece of advice一条建议 2.ask for advice 寻求建议 3.give advice提建议 4.take/follow one’s advice接受、遵照某人的建议 变n: advisor 顾问
4. afford ——Mary was not able to afford a new car. v.花费得起；能够做；承担得起(后果)；提供；给予 例句： Only the well-to-do can afford these houses. I can't afford a holiday this summer. Would you afford a poor child a temporary shelter? 单词变形： 变adj：affordable adj.支付得起的；不太昂贵的 adj变n：affordability 支付能力
5. agree ——Her father didn’t agree to buy him a computer. v. 意见一致；赞成；适合； 近义词辨析： agree to 和 agree with （1）agree to: 意思是“同意”，后面接表示计划、安排、意见、条件之类的名词或动词原形，表示愿意协助工作。 例句: Do you agree to this agreement? 你同意这项协议吗？ He didn’t agree to help us. 他不同意帮助我们。 （2）agree with: 意思是“与……（意见）一致”后面一般接人，也可接意见、看法等。但不含有协助的意思。 例句：I don’t agree with what you said. 我不同意你说的话。 I don’t agree with your idea. 我不同意你的主意。 单词变形： 变n：agreement 同意；一致；协议 变adj：agreeable 愉快的；和蔼可亲的；欣然同意的；一致的
总结：5个基础单词，但你应该不只背了5个单词。通过变形，你同时学到了更多的单词。这些内容字典中都有哦，所以学会查字典，也是英语学习能力要素之一。 6. choose
v.选择；决定
例句：
I enjoy English,biology and chemistry. But which one should I choose to study at university?
He chose not to gohome until later.
单词变形：
变n：choosing 选择；决定
变adj：choosy 爱挑剔的
例句：Jean's very choosy about what she eats.
常用短语：
choose…form 从…之间选择
例：Just my luck! Three brothers to choose from and I pick thestupid one.
chooseto 愿意(选定)
例：She was chosen to play the heroine in this film.
7. collect
v.收集；聚集；募捐；运走；使（自己）镇定
例句：
He used to collectcards, but now he likes to collect stamps.
I tried to collectmy thoughts but I was too excited.
常用短语：
collect for (v.+prep.) = raise money for为…募集钱
例：I'm collecting for the Red Cross, please givegenerously.
collectsth for sb
例：They collected money for the poor.
collect from (v.+prep.)从…领取; 接走 =get sth; meet sb
（collect sb/sth from sb/sth）
例：He collected the children from school.他接孩子们放学。
Will you collect mydress from the cleaner's?去洗衣店把我的衣服取回来好吗?
真题链接：
2013年顺义区一模完形填空（共12分，每空1分）
I used to drive a car for a living. One day I met aspecial old lady.
When I arrived to 35 her,the building was dark. I realized that this passenger might need my 36 soI walked to the door and knocked. A small woman in her 80s opened.
35. A.collect B.pick C. take D. meet
单词变形：
变n：collection 收集；收取，托收；聚集；收藏品；募捐
变adj：collective 集体的；共同的（n.集体）
8. complete
adj. 完整的；完成的；彻底的
vt. 完成；使完美；使圆满；填（表格等）
例句：
In 1770, the AmberRoom was completed the way shewanted.
Can you completeyour task on time?
This is acompletefailure.
单词变形：
变adv：completely 完全地；十分地；全然
变n：completeness 完成；结束；完整；圆满
变n：completion 完成；结束
比较一下后缀为ness和tion的区别。
补充知识：词缀区别
1.-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,
一般附在动词后面构成名词，表示"行为、动作的过程，结果，状况"action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
2. -ness,
没有实在的含义，一般在形容词后加-ness构成抽象名词，表示情况、状态、性质、（程）度，goodness善良，friendliness友好，safeness 安全；tiredness 疲劳疲倦。
9. consider
v.考虑；思考；认为；体谅；注视
例句：
Please take time to consider theproblem.
They did not consider whetherthey could afford the time or not.
词义辨析：
consider/regard这两个词都有“把…看作”“认为”的意思。
它们之间的区别是:
1.consider强调经过考虑后得出比较客观的看法; 而regard则常指对外表的看法或凭眼睛所见而作的评价,强调主观地认为。试比较:
They consider his brother an honest man.
We regard her as a poor woman.
2.consider不仅能直接带复合宾语,而且能用to be或as结构,且to be/as常可省略; regard只可接as,且不能省略。下面几个句子的意思相同:
I consider him a fool.
I consider him as a fool.
I consider him to be a fool.
I regard him as a fool.
3.consider后可以接that从句,而regard则不可以。
单词变形：
变n: consideration 考虑；体贴；考虑因素；敬重；意见
变adj: considered 考虑过的；被尊重的
变adj: considerable 重要的；相当大的；可观的
变prep/conj: considering 介词：鉴于；考虑到；连词：就 ... 而言
例句：
用作介词：
Considering his age, the childreads quite well.
Butconsideringthe high quality, our price is very reasonable.
He leads a very active life,consideringhis age.
Consideringeverything,this is the best choice.
用作连词:
Consideringthe quality,it isworth the price.
Consideringhis age, he writesquite well.
10. control
n.掌控；控制；管制；克制；操作装置
v.控制；支配；掌管；抑制；克制
例句：
用作名词 (n.)
Don't worry, we haveeverything under control.
Inflation has got outof control.
用作动词 (v.)
The firemen were unableto control the blaze.
He tries to control meas if I were his slave.
单词变形：
变 n：controller控制者；管理者；审计官；控制器（可以表人，也可以指物）
变adj：controllable 可管理的；能操纵的；可控制的
例句：Mental depression is controllable throughmedication.
11.include
vt.包括；包含；列入
例句：
Please include me in the lsit.
My job doesn't include makingcoffee for the boss!
The price is 10 dollars, postage included.
词义辨析：
include/involve (vt.包含；使忙于；牵涉；使卷入；使陷入)
共同意思是:“包含”“包括”。
其区别是：
1.involve所指的事物往往是抽象的,而include所指的事物则可以是抽象的,也可以是具体的。
2.involve指必然包括某种结果,而include则指包括属于整体的部分。
3.include可详细罗列内容,也可只列举其中一二,而involve则没有此用法。
involve例句：
Don'tinvolveother peoplein your trouble. 别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。
A letter of credit willinvolveunnecessaryextra charges. 信用证包含有不必要的额外开支。
单词变形：
变prep： including prep.包含；包括 （也是动词include的现在分词）
例句：There are 10 people including you. 包括你有10个人。
They have many pets, including three cats.他们有很多宠物，猫就有三只。
12.increase
v.增加；提高
n.增加；增强；提高
例句：
用作动词 (v.)
Wide reading will increase yourvocabulary.
They have increased the price ofpetrol again.
Travelincreases one’s knowledge of the world.
用作名词 (n.)
There was a steady increasein population.
The rent increase will hit thepockets of the poor.
短语辨析：
increase by/increase to
（1）increase by指纯增数，increase by后一般接表示倍数和百分比的词, 间或也接数词,
（2）而increase to则指增加后达到的数,即总数。而increase to后接数词,间或也接其他名词。
例句：
In 1973, the output value of heavy industryincreased by fourtimes than 1965.1973
年与1965年相比,重工业产值增长4倍。
Her weight has increased to 70 kilos.她的体重增加到了70公斤。
反义词 decrease
v.减少；减小；降低
n.减少；降低
13.insist
vt. 坚持；坚决主张
vi. 坚持；强调
例句：
用作及物动词 (vt.)
Heinsistedthat he had done right.
Theyinsistthat I stay there for supper.
用作不及物动词 (vi.)
Since youinsist, I must amend the letter of credit. 既然你坚持，我就只好修改信用证。
Heinsistedon paying for the meal.
词义辨析：
insist/ stick to
都可作“坚持”解。其区别在于:
（1）insist常用于坚持意见、看法、主张等;而stick to多用于坚持原则、计划、决定、诺言、意见等。
例如:
I insist on telling him how great you are.
Jack always sticks to his promise.
（2）insist后接介词on+名词或动名词,也可接that从句;
He insisted on trying again, regardless ofthe consequences. 他不顾后果,执意要再试一试。
常用短语：
insist on〔upon〕 (v.+prep.)
We insist upon a definite answer.我们一定要得到一个肯定的答复。
insist on〔upon〕 (sb's/sb/sth/) v-ing
He insisted on going to the cinema.他坚持去看电影。
单词变形：
变n：insistence坚持；强调；坚决主张
例句：On myinsistence, he cleaned the room.
变adj：insistent坚持的；迫切的
例句：He wasinsistenton walking home.
There was aninsistentknock on my door. 我听到一阵急促的敲门声。
14.introduce
vt.介绍；引进；采用；提出；提倡；放入
例句：
Please allow me to introduce myself.
I introduced John to Mary.
Potatoes were introducedinto Europe from South America.
We willintroducelegalsafeguards against fraud.
词义辨析：
Introduce/ recommend
这两个词的共同意思是“介绍”。其区别在于:
（1）introduce的含义是介绍某人或某物本身,使其被认识; recommend的含义是介绍某人或某物的优点、长处,使其被采用。
例如:He introduced the young man to themanager. 他把那个年轻人介绍给了经理。
He recommended strongly the young man tothe manager. 他极力向经理推荐那个年轻人。
（2）recommend可用于“recommend sb sth ”句型,而introduce不能这样用。
例如:The publishing house introduced aseries of books to the public.那家出版社向公众推出一套丛书。
The librarian recommended me a new novel.图书馆员向我推荐了一本新小说。
单词变形：
变n： introduction介绍；引进；序言；导论
变adj：introductory介绍的；引导的；开端的
例句：She made a fewintroductoryremarks. 她讲了几句开场白。
This book includes a goodintroductorychapter on forests. 这本书有一章关于森林的很好的序篇。
adj：introductive 介绍的；前言的；序文的
例句：Theintroductivewords we often see are intergradation, topic-explaining, suspense,and intuition, etc.常见的导语有过渡式、解题式、悬念式、直观式等。
补充知识：词缀区别（形容词后缀）
1. -ive,-tive, -ative, -itive （系列）
含义：有…趋势的，有…性质的，完成某种行动的（尤指有规律地、持久地）
2.-able,-ible, -ble （系列）
含义：
(1)（对作用于其上或向其施加作用）有能力的，合适的，值得的——主要从动词变来breakable 能击碎的
(2) 趋于…的，给人以…的，有助于…，使之…的，得以…的，易于…的 agreeable令人愉快的
3. -ory,-tory, -atory（系列）
含义：
(1) …的，有关…的，以…为特征的 observatory观测的
(2) 含有或包容…的，传达…的 compulsory强迫（性）的
(3) 为…所用的，产生…的，维持…的 classificatory分类上的
4. -ful
含义：
(1) 充满…的，富于…的 eventful多事的
(2) 以…为特征的，相当-ous peaceful和平的
(3) 有…性质的，似…的 masterful专横的
5. -ous,-ious, -uous a.
含义：
(1) 充满的，富于…的 clamorous吵闹的
(2) …的，属于…的，与…有关的 victorious胜利的
(3) 有或持有某种性质的 zealous热心的
【请复习前篇单词，单词变形中后缀带有以上这些词缀的单词，来体会其含义】
15.invite
vt.邀请；请求；招致；招待
例句：
I'veinvitedthe Smiths round for drinks next Friday.
Weinvitedall our relatives to the wedding.
He isinvitinghis friend to dinner.
词义辨析：
Invite/ ask for这两个词(组)的共同意思是“邀请,请求”。其区别是：
（1）invite多指请人做不很劳累甚至有时是使人高兴的事,如请跳舞,参加晚会、吃饭、谈谈意见等;
（2）ask for意为“请,请求”,多指请求做需要付出努力的事。
例如: He felt sore about not being invited to the party.他为没有被邀请参加晚会而恼火。
With that he asked for their help.他接着就请求他们帮助。
单词变形：
变n： invitation 邀请；邀请函；招待；招致，引诱
例句：I appreciate yourinvitation.
变adj： inviting 吸引人的；诱人的（也是动词invite的现在分词.）
例句：The display in the shop window is veryinviting.
16. sound
n. 声音；嘈杂声；音乐风格；曲调；印象；感觉；海峡；鱼鳔；探针
v. 听起来；感觉起来；发出声音；发音；探测深度；探询
adj. 有效的；合理的；可靠的；全面的；健康的；完好的；酣睡的；严厉的
adv. 酣畅地
例句：
用作名词 (n.)
The man was gone: his footsteps made nosound.
用作动词 (v.)
Yousounda little down in dumps.
You don'tsoundthe "b" in the word"comb".
用作形容词 (adj.)
His argument is basicallysound.他的论点基本上是合理的。
They have got home safe andsound.他们已平安到家。
With heavy rain falling all night, she had asoundsleep.尽管大雨下了一夜,她还是睡得很香。
用作副词 (adv.)
He sleptsoundin his mother's cradle song.他在母亲唱的摇篮曲中酣然入睡。
【感官系动词复习】
1. look, sound, smell,taste, feel,这五个动词均可作系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为"看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……"。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。
例句：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
Thisflower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
2. 这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。例句： Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。3. sound, smell, taste, feel,也可作实义动词，既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，此时作为实义动词讲时其主语一般为人。 例如: She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。I felt in my pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。4. taste, smell作不及物动词时,可用于"taste / smell + of +名词"结构,意为"有……味道/气味"。例如: The air in the room smells of earth.房间里的空气有股泥土味。
17. spend (spent, spent)
n.预算；花销
v.花费；浪费；度过；用尽（气力等）
例句：
用作名词 (n.)
The new law will put a lid on government spend.新法律将限制政府开支。
用作动词 (v.)
The time I spend in commuting everyday adds up to three hours.
我每天上下班乘车花费的时间加起来有3个小时。
词组辨析：
spend for, spend in, spend on
这三个短语的共同意思是“在…花费…”。其区别是：
（1）spend in和spend on既可以用于时间,也可以用于金钱; 而spend for只可以用于金钱。
（2）spend on和spend in后既可以接名词,也可以接动名词; 而spend for后多接名词。
（3）spend on和spend in在语义上有细微差别。试比较:
——He spent a week in touring thesesix cities.他用了一周时间游览这六个城市。(强调动词宾语)
——He spent a week on touring thesesix cities.他把一周的时间花费在游览这六个城市上。(强调介词宾语)
词义辨析：
cost / spend/ take
这些动词均含“花费”之意。
（1）cost指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物，而不能由人充当，也不用被动形式。
例句：That car must have cost a bundle.
（2）spend普通用词，与cost基本同义，但主语必须是人。
（3）take普通用词，指需要占用空间、时间或精力等，其主语可以是人，也可以是一件事情。
【中考链接——必会50句型】
27. spend...on (in) doing sth. 在…方面花费…
1. Tom. spends an hour doing his homework everyday.
2. Lucy spent fifty yuan on the dictionary
3. Mother often tells him not to spend too muchtime on computers games
4. I spent 6000 yuan on this TV set.
5. He spends most of his money on books.
22. It takes sb some time to do sth. 花费某人…时间做某事
1. It takes him two hours every week to do thehousework
2. It took him four hours to get thereyesterday.
3. The math problem was so difficult that Ittook me two hours to work it out.
4. It takes me only ten minutes to walk tooffice every day.
5. It took her 3 months to do this experiment.
单词变形：
变n：spending 经费(开销)
例句：We shall have to cut back on our spending.
【真题链接——完成句子】
2012年西城一模
72. 为了提高英语水平，请多花些时间读英语故事好吗？
To improve your English,_________________________________?
答案：wouldyou please spend more time (in) reading English stories
2011年朝阳一模英
74. 现在城市里越来越多的成年人花费空闲时间到大学去努力提高自己。
Now more and more city adults________________improve themselvesat college.
答案：spend their free time trying to [来源:Zxxk.Com
18. stay
v.停留；逗留；保持
n.停留；逗留
例句：
用作动词 (v.)
I stayedlate at the party last night.
You canstay at home and watch TV.
Why don'tyou come to stay with us next time you visit Durham?
用作名词 (n.)
He wentstraight to New York without a stay in Hongkong.
He madefew friends during his stay in the village.
常见词组
stay away from离 ... 远点；躲避 ...
例句：Tell him to stay away from my sister!
stay behind 留下；不走
例句：Some people stayed behind after the meeting.
Stay up 不睡觉,熬夜
例句：The patient was so ill that the nurse had to stay up allnight.
19. stop
v.停止；阻止；停留
n.停止；逗留；车站
例句：
用作动词 (v.)
The trainstoppedat the station.
His heart hasstopped.
I am going tostopover at New York City.
用作名词 (n.)
They put astopto the evils.
The red light is a warning sign forstop.
【中考链接——必会50句型】
35. stop/ prevent sb. from doingsth. 阻止某人做某事
1. Teachers try to stop the students from goingto the internet cafes.
2. I think we should stop people from smoking inthe public places.
3. The serious traffic jam stopped him fromcatching the last train.
4. The policeman stopped that boy from playingwith fire just now.
5. His parents are trying to stop that boy fromseeing her.
36. stop to do/doing 停下来去做某事
1. The students stopped talking when the teachercame in.
2. Han Xiaopeng has never stopped practicingbefore the Olympics.
3. The boss kept the workers working all thetime until they finished all the work.
4. Tell him not to stop to rest; it’s theimportant moment now.
5. My mother often advised father to stopsmoking
20. succeed
v.成功；继承；接着发生
例句：
If you work hard you will succeed.
We succeededinrepairing the engine.
When the duke dies, his eldest son will succeed to the title.
The war ended and a long peace succeeded.
词组辨析：
succeed in, succeed with
这两个短语都可表示“成功地做…”。其区别是：
以成功的人作主语时用succeedin; 以事物作主语时用succeed with。
例句:
He has succeeded in the attempt.
The attempt succeeded with him.
单词变形：
变n：success 成功；成就；胜利；成功的人或事
例句：I am veryheartened by her success in the election.
He wasn't a success as a teacher.
常见词组：
success in在…方面取得成功 = beingsuccessful in
例句：Success in one fielddoes not assure success in another.在一个方面取得成功并不能保证在其他方面能取得成功。
变adj：successful 成功的；圆满的
例句：He aims to be asuccessful writer. |
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