语法专项突破 专题二 名词 名词是表示人或事物名称的词,它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词,有单数和复数之分;不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,没有复数形式。
1.可数名词的复数形式 (1
(2)可数名词变复数的不规则变化 ①oo变为ee,如:foot→feet,tooth→teeth,goose→geese,但注意boot的复数是boots。 ②a变为e,如:man→men,woman→women,policeman→policemen,postman→postmen,Englishman→Englishmen,但注意German的复数是Germans。 ③有些名词单复数形式相同,如:sheep→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fish,Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,means→means ④部分名词的单复数形式无规律可循,需个别记忆,如:child→children,mouse→mice ⑤有些名词只有复数形式,如:clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子),glasses(眼镜),shorts(短裤),jeans(牛仔裤),thanks(感谢) 2.不可 不可数名词计量时,用“基数词/不定冠词+表数量的名词+of+不可数名词”表示,数词决定表示数量的名词的单/复数形式。 a bottle of water 一瓶水 a cup of tea 一杯茶 a piece of news一则新闻 two bowls of rice两碗饭 two pairs of glasses两副眼镜 three pieces of advice三条建议 名词所有格的构成方式有以下三种:'s形式的所有格、of短语构成的所有格和双重所有格。 1.'s形式的所有格
2.of短语构成的所有格 (1)没有生命的名词一般用of短语来表示所有关系。 This is a map of China.这是一幅中国地图。 (2)当有生命的名词的定语较长时,也可以用of短语来表示所有关系。 The movie of the old kind woman is moving. 这位善良的老妇人的电影很感人。 3.双重所有格 表示所属物的名词前有冠词(a,an)、数词(one,two...)、非确定特指的限定词(some,any,a few...)、物主代词(my,your...)或指示限定词(this,that,these,those)时,常用“of+所有格/名词性物主代词”的形式,即双重所有格来表示所有关系。 Bob is a friend of Tom's.鲍勃是汤姆的一位朋友。 1.作主语 名词在句中能作多种成分,作主语是其最常见的用法之一。 The sun is rising.太阳正在升起。 2.作宾语 名词在句中常用作动词或介词的宾语。 I bought a toy car for my son last week. 上周我给儿子买了个玩具汽车。 You have to deal 你必须自己处理这个问题。 3.作表语 Lucy is my cousin.露西是我的表妹。 4.作宾语补足语 We chose Jack our monitor. 我们选杰克当我们的班长。 5.作定语 (1)名词作定语一般用单数形式。 There is an apple tree in our yar 在我们家院子里有一棵苹果树。 (2)man,woman用于名词前作定语,表示性别时,其形式与所修饰的名词一致,即man,woman后用单数名词,men,women后用复数名词。 They are all men teachers.他们都是男教师。 A woman doctor is sitting in the room. (3)个别名词用复数形式作定语。 Our sports meeting wa 因为大雨我们的运动会被推迟了。 1.(2012湖南怀化中考,24)—What would you like,Helen? —I'd like some______. A.eggs B.beefs C.banana 2.(2012湖南株洲中考,22)Bananas,apples and oranges are all ______. A.fruits B.vegetables C.drinks 3.(2012湖南岳阳中考,21)Jeremy Lin is the first ChineseAmerican basketball ______ in the NBA.He is a little different from Yao Ming. A.dancer B.player C.watcher 4.(2012贵州遵义中考,27)All the ______ in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday. A.men teachers B.women teachers C.woman teacher 5.(2012湖北恩施中考,21)—How far is it from your home to school? —It's about twenty ______ walk. A.minute's B.minutes' C.minutes 6.(2012四川凉山中考,23)—I feel very thirsty and hungry after a long walk. —Would you like some ______ and ______? A.apple juice;sandwich B.apples juice;sandwiches C.apple juice;sandwiches 7.(2012四川自贡中考,35)—What's your favorite______? —Summer.Because I can swim in rivers. A.season B.subject C.music 8.(2012四川广安中考,24)—Miss Li,could you give me ______on English learning? —Certainly.First you should speak English every day. A.any advices B.many advices C.some advice 9.Mr Jackson keeps lots of ______on his farm. A.sheep B.chicken C.pig 10.Mr White has a beautiful garden with many ______ in it. A. 11.Could you take ______ for these ______?They are very beautiful. A.any photos;tomatoes B.some photos;tomatoes C.some photos;tomatos 12.Mr Black gave us ______ on how to learn English well. A.an advice B.many advices C.some advice 13.We need to come up with a/an ______ and make a decision at once. A.information B.advice C.idea 14.I'm hungry.Can you give me ______? A.some slice of bread B.some slices of bread C.some breads 15.It's ______ train ride from here to that city. A.8 hour B.8 hours C.8 hours' 16.Today is September 10th.It's ______ Day. A.Teachers B.Teachers' C.the Teachers' 17.This is not my dictionary.It's ______.She lent it to me this mornin A.my sister B.my sisters C.my sister's 18.The teacher and writer ______ coming to ______ house. A.are;Kate and Mary's B.were;Kate's and Mary C.is;Kate and Mary's 19.There are two ______ in the city. A.car's factory B.car's factories C.car factories 20.______ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ______ teacher A.A number of;women B.A number of;woman C 参考答案 专题二 名词 专题提升演练 1.A some后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。egg与banana是可数名词,而beef是不可数名词。故选A项。 2.A 由常识可知香蕉、苹果和橘子都属于水果,故选A项。 3.B 由常识可知林书豪是篮球运动员,故选B项。 4.B man和woman作定语时与被修饰的名词保持形式一致,再由3月8日是妇女节可知答案为B项。 5.B 以s结尾的复数名词所有格加“'”,故选B项。 6.C 除了man,woman,sports和clothes之外的名词作定语一般用单数,sandwich的复数为sandwiches,故选C项。 7.A summer“夏天”,是一个季节,可知对方询问的是最喜欢的季节,因此答案为A项。 8.C advice是不可数名词,故选C项。 9.A lots of其后跟可数名词的复数或不可数名词,chicken作“小鸡”讲,复数为chickens,pig复数为pigs,sheep的单复数形式一致,故选A项。 10.A many后用可数名词的复数形式,花园中应该有很多花,而不是村庄。 11.B tomato的复数形式是tomatoes;some用于疑问句中,表示希望对方给予肯定答复。 12.C advice是不可数名词,没有复数形式,也不能用an/many修饰。 13.C idea是可数名词单数,可与不定冠词an连用,其余两个是不可数名词,不与a/an连用。 14.B bread是不可数名词,不能加s;slice是可数名词,some后用其复数形式slices。 15.C “八小时”hour要用复数形式,其所有格形式是在s后加“'”。 16.B 以s结尾的复数名词所有格是在s后加“'”,教师节Teachers' Day。 17.C “它是我姐姐的(词典)”,用名词所有格形式。 18.C the teacher and writer“那位教师兼作家”是指一个人,后用is;Kate和Mary共有的家只在后一个词Mary后加's,故选C项。 19.C 名词作定语修饰另一个名词一般用单数形式,“两家汽车厂”two car factories。 20.C 由句中的is可知第 |
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