|
写作时，如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚的水准上，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，或一律使用简单句平铺直叙，那么，这样写出来的文章就会像一碗白开水，呆板、单调，没有可读性。要使文章耐人寻味，有深度，同学们就应尝试使用一些高级词汇或句型，以凸显文章的亮点，使文章增添文采，给读者(尤其是阅卷老师留下深刻印象)。具体说来，同学们可尝试以下方法：
1． 长短句的搭配使用
长句和短句是就句子的字数多少、形体长短而言的。长句和短句各有其优点和缺点。长句，因为使用的定语、状语较多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的内涵，所以比较精确、严密，但使用起来不够活泼简便。短句，由于字数少，直截了当，一般比较简洁、明快、有力，但不利于表达复杂的语义内容。在具体语言活动中，最好长短句交替使用。这既体现了节奏上的要求，也是意义上的需要。例如：
（1）We can imagine the beautiful surroundings．（2）There are many trees along the streets．（3）There is a clean river in the city．（4） There are many fishes in the river．（5）There are willow trees on the one side．（6）There are some pieces of grassland on the other side．（7）There are many flowers on them．
文中七个句子都是简单句，句型结构单一，而且句子长短同一，都在七、八词左右，十分单调。下面是修改后的段落：
（1）Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener．（2）Green trees line the streets．（3）A clean river winds through the city，in which a lot of fishes abound．（4）On the one side stand rows of willow trees．（5）On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers．
改写后的这段文字，有长句（1）、（3）、（5），也有短句（2）和（4），一长一短，抑扬顿挫的节奏感就出来了。不仅句子长短交插，而且句型结构变化也很大，使文章流畅自然，生动活泼。
又如：
At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.
→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.
中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。
2．倒装句与强调句的穿插使用
在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语位于句子开头。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如使用倒状语或以状语开头等，会使文章增强表现力。如：
1）倒装句打破常规,错落有致。
(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.
→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple. 在小山顶上有一座古庙。
(2) You can do it well only in this way. → Only in this way can you do it well.
只有这样你才能把它做好。
(3) A young woman sat by the window. → By the window sat a young woman.
窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。
地点状语开头:In the center of our school lies our library比正语序Our library is in the center of our school生动。
Only+介词短语:Only in this way can I improve my English比正语序I can improve my English only in this way生动。
形容词+as+主语+动词:Badly injured as he was, he managed to take down the car’s number.
形容词+be+主语:Gone are the days when farmers live in the poor houses.
以上倒装句有意打破常规,使句子带有强烈的情感色彩,行文错落有致,使要传递的信息在读者心中产生共鸣,会收到良好效果。
3. 避免重复使用同一词语，构建地道词汇亮点。
为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：
I like reading while my brother likes watching television.
→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。
有意识地培养用地道、丰富的词语造句的能力。
青海玉树在2010年发生了一次大地震。
There was a strong earthquake in Yushu, Qinghai Province in 2010.
→A terrible earthquake hit/struck Yushu, Qinghai Province in 2010.
分析：使用there be结构是对的,但是B句却摒弃了常见句式,另辟蹊径使用了无生命名词作主语,构成“主语+谓语+宾语”结构,且使用了terrible, hit/strike这样的词汇,显得地道生动。
利用构词法,构建新词汇。
在周末我们有很多作业。
At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do.
→ At weekends, we have endless homework to do.
在造句时,“较高级词汇”如能运用贴切自然,哪怕整篇文章只用上一个,也会使你的作文显示出与众不同。
4. 合理使用省略句
合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：
(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?
→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?
他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?
(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.
→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.
如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。
(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.
→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.
她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。
5. 适当运用非谓语结构和从句的适当变换
非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：
(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.
→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。
(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.
由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。
(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.
他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。
6. 适当使用短语代替单词。
(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.
→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.
他已决定长大了当老师。
(2) He doesn't like music.
→ He doesn't care much for music.
他不大喜欢音乐。
(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.
→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.
他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。
7. 恰当套用某些固定表达。
(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.
→ He was too tired to walk any farther.
他太累了，不能再往前走了。
(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.
→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.
这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。
(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.
→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.
你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。
8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”
(1) Don't worry. Be bold and try it, and you'll learn it soon.
→Don't worry. Just go for it, and you'll get it soon.
别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。
(2) Thank you for playing with us.
→Thank you for sharing the time with us.
谢谢你陪我玩。
9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构。
(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.
→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.
现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。
(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.
→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.
我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。
(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.
→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.
如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。
(4) 插入语的使用使句子变得更灵活。
10. 恰当点缀谚语格言
在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如：
(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.
(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is true that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.
(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”
高考英语名言名句
1. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
2. God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。
3. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
4. Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
5. One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。
8. Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。
9. Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量.
10. All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。
11. Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好.
12. It’s never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。
13. Every coin has two sides. 任何事物都有其两面性。
15. Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
16. Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。
18. Well begun，half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。
19. Time and tide waits for no man.
20. Out of sight，out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。
21. Interest is the best teacher. 兴趣是最好的老师。
22. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
23. Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。
24. East or west，home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。
25. Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。
26. An idle youth，a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
|
